AU616365B2 – A multi-phase bipolar brushless d.c. motor
– Google Patents
AU616365B2 – A multi-phase bipolar brushless d.c. motor
– Google Patents
A multi-phase bipolar brushless d.c. motor
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Publication number
AU616365B2
AU616365B2
AU14472/88A
AU1447288A
AU616365B2
AU 616365 B2
AU616365 B2
AU 616365B2
AU 14472/88 A
AU14472/88 A
AU 14472/88A
AU 1447288 A
AU1447288 A
AU 1447288A
AU 616365 B2
AU616365 B2
AU 616365B2
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
photo
phase
motor
transistors
exciting
Prior art date
1987-04-22
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
AU14472/88A
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AU1447288A
(en
Inventor
I Soo Lee
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Individual
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Individual
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1987-04-22
Filing date
1988-04-11
Publication date
1991-10-24
1988-04-11
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filed
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Individual
1988-10-27
Publication of AU1447288A
publication
Critical
patent/AU1447288A/en
1991-10-24
Application granted
granted
Critical
1991-10-24
Publication of AU616365B2
publication
Critical
patent/AU616365B2/en
2008-04-11
Anticipated expiration
legal-status
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Status
Ceased
legal-status
Critical
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Classifications
H—ELECTRICITY
H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H—ELECTRICITY
H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
H02K29/10—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using light effect devices
H—ELECTRICITY
H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
H02P6/10—Arrangements for controlling torque ripple, e.g. providing reduced torque ripple
H—ELECTRICITY
H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
H—ELECTRICITY
H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
H02P6/20—Arrangements for starting
Description
‘I
SCOM1MONW Pa C 0 M P L E T E EALTH OF AUSTRALoIA tent Act 1952 6 1 6 3 6 616365 S PE C I F I CA TION
(ORIGINAL)
Class Int. Class Application Number Lodged Complete Specification Lodged Accepted Published Priority 22 April 1987 4 4$ 4* 4 Related Art S Name of Applicant Address of Applicant Actual Inventor/a.
Address for Service SI Soo LEE JangMi Apt. 9/B, 302-64, Ichon-Dong, YongSan-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea I Soo LEE F.B. RICE CO., Patent Attorneys, 28A Montague Street, BALMAIN 2041.
Complete Specification for the invention entitled: A multi-phase bipolar brushless D.C. motor The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to 3/&me:- 6 A ‘4 BACK(GROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a multi-phase bipolar brushless D.C. motor in which a stator is constituted by an armature and a rotor is constituted by permanent magnets.
If in this motor the stator winding is arranged as the lap winding, the motor produces the sinusoidal torque ripples thereby to be adapted for the micro-motor, and instead if the stator winding is arranged as the wave winding, the motor produces the trapezoidal torque ripples thereby to be adapted for the power motor.
And this invention is devised to make into the bipolar system so that the copper loss of the exciting 0: 15 coil can be minimized, thereby increasing the efficiency, 4 and to make into polyphase so that the utility of the coil can be increased, therely making the compact design of the $fit motor possible and improving the torque ripple. Also in this motor the commutation system comprising a commutation encoder, a photo-sensor and a electronic commutator is simply and safely constituted so that the starting and rotation characteristics of the motor can be improved as well as the motor having the simple construction can be manufactured, thereby reducing the cost of production.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART In a conventional shunt motor, since the field coils (exciting coils) are wound on the rotor to have the proper number of poles and the coils attaching the brushes thereto are wound on the rotor so that the rotor is rotated, there are drawbacks that, during its use, the alien substances such as dusts are jammed between the commutator segments or the brush must be replaced with the new one due to the contact therebetween by breakdown of insulation or the wear thereof. f NT O
I|
2 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is, in order to solve the aforementioned problems, to provide a multi-phase bipolar brushless D.C. motor in which the permanent magnet instead of the field coil is used for the rotor, the winding is wound on the stator as the independent winding, the commutation encoder is fixedly mounted on the shaft of the rotor to be rotated, and the photo-sensor is coupled operatively thereto to be connected with the driving circuit, whereby the motor is smoothly started and rotated with having a simple construction, and is manufactured of low cost of production.
5 Accordingly, with this object in view, the present invention resides in a multi-phase bipolar brushless D.C.
motor comprising: a stator constituted by M phases, each f.i: phase having a plurality of windings which are connected in series and being connected independently of the winding connection of the other phases; a rotor rotatably coupled to said stator and having N permanent magnet poles; a :commutation encoder fixed at one end of the rotor shaft outside the motor and assuming a cylindrical form comprising a circular plate and an annular ring, said annular ring having light shielding portions and light detecting portions which function, respectively, as the .non-sensing and sensing area, and each of said light detecting portions having opposite inclined portions each which is inclined to the edge of said light shielding portions at a given angle; a photo-sensor coupled operatively with said commutation encoder and be.ng constituted so that two photo-transistors are provided with respect to each phase, each of said photo-transistors in said M phases being arranged, in turn, one by one at intervals of predetermined shaft angle so as to produce the positive pulse when registered with said sensing area 2 Z) 1 7,r W- p -C I -u -3of said commutation encoder; an electronic commutator constituted in such a manner that four power transistors are connected across the winding coil of each phase of said stator, two of said transistors of each phase being connected to one photo-transistor of said photo-sensor so that each phase is provided with two photo-transistors so as to perform the determination of the current direction according to said positive pulse of said photo-transistors, thereby flowing the alternating current through the winding coil to drive the motor; and an electric power source connected in parallel to each phase of said electronic commutator.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention may be better understood, and further advantages and use thereof more readily apparent, when considered in view of the following detailed description of exemplary embodiment, taken with the accompanying drawings, in which: r ^i Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing, partly in block form, the system of a multi-phase bipolar brushless D.C. motor according to the present invention; Fig. 2A is a exploded perspective view showing the speed encoder, the speed sensor, the commutation encoder, and the photo-sensor according to the present invention; Fig 2B is a partly sectional view showing the state in which the components in Fig. 2A are combined together; Fig 3A is a circular independent connecting diagram of the winding coils of the 3-phase 4-pole motor; Fig. 3B is an arrangement diagram of the 4-pole rotor; Fig. 3C is a serially developed independent connecting diagram of the winding coils of the 3-phase 4-pole motor; Fig. 4A represents schematically the driving circuit of the 3-phase motor; ,,A»;mn w -4 Fig. 4B represents the constructions of the rotor, the commutation encoder and the photo-sensor; Fig. 5A represents a schematic construction of the 3-phase 4-pole motor; Fig. 5B represents a schematic construction of the 4-phase 4-pole motor; Fig. 6 shows waveform of the output torque ripples of Fig. 3A, 3B and 3C; Fig. 7A and 7B represent respectively the theoretical position of the photo-transistor and the waveform of the torque ripple; Fig. 8A and 8B represent respectively the corrected position of the photo-transistor and the waveform of the torque ripple; Fig. 9A and 9B represent respectively the photo-transistor being attached at the corrected angle to 444″ the commutation encoder and the waveform of torque ripple; Fig. 10A and 10B represent respectively the state where the photo-transistor is attached to the optimally corrected position on the commutation encoder and the waveform of torque ripple; and Fig. 11 shows the arrangement of the sets of photo-transistor for use in the forward and reverse S* rotation in the 3-phase 4-pole motor according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT t* Now, a multi-phase brushless D.C. motor according to the present invention will be explained. It should be noted that, for a facile description, the following explanation of the present invention will be made with reference to a 3-phase 4-pole brushless D.C. motor of a preferred embodiment shown, by way of example only, in the accompanying drawings.
2NT 0
I,
Referring now to the several drawings, and especially to Fig. 1, there is illustrated the system of the 3-phase 4-pole brushless D.C. motor according to the present invention, in block form. The 3-phase 4-pole brushless D.C. motor of the present invention includes a rotary machine 1 having a stator 4 constituted by three phases A, B and C, each phase having four windings 40 which are connected in series (see Fig. 3A). Windings 40 of each phase of the stator 4 are connected independently of the winding connection of the other phases, as can be understood from Fig. 3A and 3C, respectively, illustrating a circular independent connecting diagram and a serially developed independent connecting diagram of the winding coils of the 3-phase 4-pole motor according to the present invention. The winding coil ends of each phase of the stator 4 are connected to transistors of each corresponding phase of a electronic commutator, as will be described. Thus, since the stator 4 assumes the independent phase-connected winding form connected differently from the or Y-connected winding form, the -ifli motor is constituted so that the exciting condition of the i winding coil of each phase is always constant, even though the motor becomes of the polyphase motor. The rotary machine 1 also has a rotor 7 constituted by the permanent magnets. The rotor 7 is constituted as four magnetic poles, as shown in Fig. 3B. It is understood that the stator 4 can be constituted as two, three, four, five,.., or n phase, and the rotor 7 can be constituted as two, four, six, eight,… or 2n poles. Hence, the number of poles or phases can be easily increased, or reduced as occasion demands, and the length, the thickness, or the shape of the rotary machine 1 can be easily modified as occasion demands.
Ti^ 0- *a *t *0+I 4
I
II O I As shown in Fig. 2, a rotor shaft 11 of the rotary machine 1 is projected outwardly from a bracket 12 which is fixed on the one side of the rotary machine 1. Fixed on the end of the rotor shaft 11 are a commutation encoder 2 and a speed encoder 3. Since the commutation encoder 2 and the speed encoder 3 are fixed between the end of the rotor shaft 11 and a washer 17 by means of screw means 16, the commutation encoder 2 and the speed encoder 3 can be rotated together with the rotor shaft 11.
The speed encoder 3, as can be understood from Fig.
2A, assumes the disk form which a plurality of light penetrating openings 31 are spaced and disposed at the circumferential edge portion thereof so as to position with respect to a speed sensor 6. The speed sensor 6 at 15 the support portion 25 thereof is fixed to a portion of a photo-sensor 5 by means of screw means 26. When the speed encoder 3 is rotated, the speed sensor 6 detects a pulse corresponding to the rotation speed of the rotor 7 through the light penetrating openings 31. The detected pulse is supplied to the switching circuit through the encoder circuit so as to control the electric power energy supplied to the winding coils, thereby controlling the rotation speed of the rotor 7, as known in the art.
The commutation encoder 2, as can be understood from 25 Fig. 2B, assumes the cylindrical from having a circular plate 19 and an annular ring 20. The annular ring comprises light shielding portions 21 and light detecting portions 22 which function as the non-sensing area and the sensing area for the photo-sensor 5, respectively. It will be noted that in Figs. 1, 5, 7, 8 and 11 the commutation encoder 2 is illustrated in a developed form for a facile illustration. Each of light detecting portions 22 has opposite inclined portions 23 so as to modulate the exciting width by adjusting of the distance between the photo-sensor 5 and the commutation encoder 2, I S7 as will be described with reference to Fig. 8. Each of the inclined portions 23 are inclined to the edge 27 of the light shielding portion 22 at a given angle.
The number of the light detecting portions 22, i.e., the sensing areas is determined by the following formula; The number of the sensing areas the number of poles in the rotor/2.
Accordingly, the number of the sensing areas of the preferred 3-phase 4-pole motor corresponds to two. Also, the width of the sensing area corresponds to the shaft angle determined by the following formula; The width of the sensing area 2n x the number of poles in the rotor i a the number of phases 1 (degrees) *the number of phases Hence, the width of the sensing area of the preferred 3-phase 4-pole motor corresponds to the shaft angle of 600, as shown in Fig. 5A. In the case of the 4-phase 4-pole motor, as shown by way of another example in Fig.
the width of the sensing area corresponds to the shaft .0 angle of 67.50 25 However, thus determined, the width of the sensing area for the photo-sensor 5 can be slightly changed to modulate the exciting width in the winding coil, if necessary. For example, in case that photo-transistors (only one shown in Fig. 9) of the photo-sensor 5, as will be described, are positioned in the position which the sensing area therefor corresponds to the shaft angle of 600, the winding coil will result in the exciting in the area of poor torque bt ause the exciting width of the winding coil is not coincided with the pulse width induced from the photo-transistor, the exciting width of the 1> winding coil is naturally greater than the pulse width of /V B 1 the photo-transistor due to the time delaying of driving circuit and the exciting characteristic of the winding coil. The exciting in the area of poor torque makes the copper loss of the winding coil increased, which results in generating heat in the motor, and degrating the efficiency. To eliminate these drawbacks, it is necessary Sto change the width of the sensing area for the photo-transistor having an effect on the exciting width in the winding coil. This is accomplished by adjusting the distance between the sensing point of the photo-transistors and the middle portion 24 of the light detecting portion 22 because the light detecting portion 22 of the commutation encoder 2 has opposite inclined portions 23. This adjustment can be easily performed because the commutation encoder 2 and the photo-sensor are disposed on the rotor shaft 11 outside the rotary machine 1. At this time, it is preferred for the adjustment of the distance between the photo-transistors and the commutation encoder 2 to set in the best position of torque ripple and in the most efficient position of the motor in operation. When the photo-transistor is positioned in the position displaced by the moving distance of photo-transistor as illustrated in Fig. the winding coil will result in the exciting in the area of good torque. Thus, the commutation encoder 2 of the invention makes it possible to maximize the efficiency of the motor by adjusting the distance between the photo-sensor 5 and the commutation encoder 2.
Disposed on the rotor shaft 11 between the bracket 12 and the commutation encoder 2 so as not to rotate together with the rotor shaft 11, as shown in Fig. 2, is a semicircular support plate 50 for supporting the photo-sensor 5 for producing the positive pulse when registered with the sensing area of the commutation encoder 2. The photo-sensor 5 assumes a U-shaped form
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1t1 Z’ h~rd -9having a guide groove 59 for receiving and guiding the annular ring 20 of the commutation encoder 2. As shown in Fig. 4B and 5, the photo-sensor 4 is constituted by six photo-transistors PA 1
PB
1
PC
1
PA
2
PB
2 and
PC
2 so that two photo-transistors are provided with respect to each phase. Each of photo-transistors PA 1
PB
1
PC
1
PA
2
PB
2 and PC 2 in and C-phase is arranged, in turn, one by one at intervals of the shaft angle calculated by the following formula; The interval between each of photo-transistors 2n X the number of poles in the rotor ,e 1 S(degrees) 15 the number of phases Accordingly, the interval between each photo-;ransistors of the preferred 3-phase 4-pole motor corresponds to the shaft angle of 300 The interval between two photo-transistors of each phase is determined by the following formula; The interval between two photo-transistors of each phase 2, S(degrees) the number of poles in the rotor Therefore, the interval between two photo-transistors G 4 S PA1 and PA 2 of A-phase corresponds to the shaft angle of 900, and also the cases of B- and C-phases are the same as A-phase.
In the case of the 4-phase 4-pole motor as shown in Fig. 5B, the interval between each photo-transistor corresponds to the shaft angle of 22.5°, and the interval between two photo-transistors of each phase corresponds to the shaft angle of In the brushless D.C. motor constructed thus, the number of photo-transistors which can be turned on simultaneously within one sensing area corresponds to the O*l o rS 1 ij I 1 10 number of phases Accordingly, the commutation encoder 2 and photo-transistors according to the present invention becomes of 2-ph.se 1-exciting, 3-phase 2-exciting, 4-phase 3-exciting, 5-phase 4-exciting, 6-phase 5-exciting,… so that the n-phase (n-l)-exciting motor is construction, thereby performing the production of the multiphase bipolar brushless D.C. motor.
In addition, in order to improve the efficiency and minimize the copper loss, it is preferred for the photo-transistors of the photo-sensor 5 to be set in the advanced commutation by as the best position with the motor in driving. This reason is as follows: As shown in Fig. 7 and 8, if the photo-transistor S 15 (only one shown) is registered with the theoretical S 15 sensing position of the sensing area of the commutation encoder 2 during the driving of the motor, the photo-transistor will generate a positive pulse so as to be the transistor Q of the electronic commutator «ON», which cause to flow a current in a given direction of the winding coil, as will be described. Then, when the photo-transistor is registered with the non-sensing area p of the commutation encoder 2 by the rotation of the commutation encoder 2, the photo-transistor stops the generating of the positive pulse to allow the transistors Q to be turned «OFF», thereby cutting off the current in t the winding coil. At this time, the starting and finishing time of exciting in the winding coil shall be delayed by the degree of as compared with the starting and finishing time of the pulse signal generated from the photo-transistor due to the time delaying of the transistor Q, and the exciting characteristic of the winding coil. This time delaying of the exciting in the winding coil results in the increase of the copper loss and the lowering of efficiency of the motor due to the poor torque, as shown in Fig. 7A. Accordingly, it is NT 4 4 11 4, 41.
4, 1440 0 4404 4 00 4.
4 .9 94 4 44 4 I S C 44 4 444 414049 necessary to eliminate the portion of poor torque by the advanced commutation of the photo-transistor with the reverse direction to the rotating direction of the rotor 7. This advanced commutation of the photo-transistor of the photo-sensor 5 can be easily adjusted because the photo-transistor is disposed on the rotor shaft 11 outside the rotary machine 1.
Also, the photo-sensor 5 of the 3-phase 4-pole brushless D.C. motor according to the present invention, as shown in Fig. 11, can be constructed to rotate forwardly or reversely by providing the set of photo-transistors PA’ l-PC1 2 for use in the reverse rotation in the symmetric position separated from the set of photo-transistors PA 1 -PC 2 for use in the forward rotation advancedly positioned by ,eo, from the theoretical sensing position of photo-transistor. In accordance with the selection of the set of the photo-transistors for use in the forward or reverse rotation by non-contacted electro-magnetic operation, the forward, or reverse rotation of the motor is possible.
Referring now to Fig. 4A and 4B, there is illustrated th’s driving circuit having the commutation system comprising the commutation encoder 2, the photo-s~ensor and the electronic commutator in accordance with the 25 present invention. The electronic commutator is constituted in such a manner that 4 power transistors Q are connected across the winding coil of each phase of the stator 4. Two of transistors Q connected across the winding coil of each phase are connected to one photo-transistor of the photo-sensor 5 so that each phase is provided with two photo-transistors, thereby performing the determination of the current direction according to the operation of the photo-transistors. Namely, one photo-transistor PA 1 of A-phase of the photo-sensor 5 is connected to the transistors Q1and Q4so that, when
I
I
I arranged, in turn, one by one at intervals of ii predetermined shaft angle so as to produce a positive I pulse when registered with said sensing area of said commutation encoder;
I
-12the photo-transistor PA 1 is turned on, the transistors Q1 and Q4 are turned on to allow the current to be flowed from the transistor Q1 to the transistor Q 4 The other photo-transistor PA 2 of A-phase is connected to the transistor Q2 and Q3 so that, when the photo-transistor PA 2 is turned on, the transistors Q2 and Q3 are turned on to allow the current to be flow from the transistor Q2 to the transistor Q 3 The photo-transistors in B- and C-phase are connected to the transistors in the same way as the photo-transistors in A-phase.
Thus, the commutation system of the present invention is independently arranged in every phase. Accordingly, as two photo-transistors are provided with respect to one phase so that only the positive pulse is used, the pulse dividing device can be removed, and since also each photo-transistor of one phase is constituted so that it is turned off while the rotor is rotated by the shaft angle of 30 upon alternating, the cross-fire prevention interlock can be removed. Hence, since the complicated logic circuit is removed, the safe and simple electronic commutator can be constructed.
Also, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the commutation system of each phase is connected in parallel to one voltage controller, directly in case of D.C. and through D.C. rectifier in case of A.C. so that the motor is composed efficiently.
The operation of the preferred 3-phase 4-pole brushless D.C. motor according to the present invention will now be described.
At first, the switch (not shown) of the power source is turned on to energize the commutation system of the drive circuit.
So, each of photo-transistors PAl, PB 1 PC1′
PA
2
PB
2 and PC 2 of the photo-sensor 5 which is 4 11 -13 9 0 9 99 4 999 4 94’94 4444,4 9 4 registered with one sensing area of the commutation encoder 2 produces the positioning pulse, and supplies the produced positive pulse to the electronic commutator to allow the transistor Q1- Q2of the electronic commutator to be turned on, thereby allowing the alternating current of the square wave to be flowed through the winding coil of each phase as shown in Fig. 6.
Namely, when the photo-transistors PA 1 a nd PB 1 of Aand B- pha.9s are within the sensing area of the commutation encoder 2, both the photo-transistors PA 1 and PB 1 produce the positive pulse. Then, the transistors Q1and Q 4 and Q. Q 8 in A- and B-phases are turned on so that the current of each phase flows, respectively, from the transistor Q1to Q4and 15 from the transistor Q5to Q8so as to allow the corresponding alternating current of the square wave to be flowed through the winding coil of A- and B-phases, thereby driving the motor. In this case, since the width of the sensing area for the photo-transistor producing the positive pulse to transmit to the electronic commutator corresponds to the shaft angle of 60 0, the photo-transistor PC 1
PC
2 and PA 2 and PB 2 spaced respectively by the shaft angle of 90 0 away from the photo-transistor PA 1 and PB 2 are turned off. While 25 the rotor 7 is rotated by the shaft angle of 30 0 upon alternating, the photo-transistor PA 1 is turned off, as shown in Fig. 4B. Then, the photo-transistor PC 1 is newly positioned in the sensing area of the commutation encoder 2 to produce the positive pulse. Accordingly, the transistors Q5and Q 8 and Q9and Q2in B-and C-phases are maintained in a state turned on so that the current of each phase flows, respectively, from the transistor Q5to Q8and from the transistor Q9to Q 2so as to allow the corresponding alternating current of the square wave to be flowed through the winding coil 49449* 4 4 0444 o @9 9 99 49 4 4 4 44 4 44 4 .44.
0 44.944 4 4
I
IL I, I 14 of B- and C-phases, thereby driving the motor. In this case, the photo-transistors PA 1
PA
2
PB
2 and PC 2 are turned off, by reason as above-mentioned. While the rotor 7 is again rotated by the rhaft angle of 300 upon the alternating, the photo-transistor PB 1 is turned off. Then, the photo-transistor PA 2 is newly positioned in the sensing area of the commutation encoder 2 to produce the positive pulse. Accordingly, the transistors Q9 and Q 12 and Q2 and Q3 in C- and A-phases are maintained in a state turned on so that the current of each phase flows, respectively, from the transistor Q9 to Q12 and transistor Q2 to Q3 so as to allow the corresponding alternating current of the square wave to be flowed through the winding coil of C- and A-phases, S 15 thereby driving the motor. In this case, the photo-transistor PA 1
PB
1
PB
2 and PC 2 are at the position where it can not be turned on, by reason as above-mentioned. Thus, the operation of the photo-sensor 5 and electronic commutator of the commutation system is repeated to drive the motor.
On the other hand, as the speed encoder 3 is rotated by the rotor shaft 11 of the rotary machine 1, the speed sensor 6 detects the pulse trom the speed encoder 3. The detected pulse signal is supplied to the switching circuit 25 through the encoder circuit so as to control the electric power energy supplied to the winding coil, thereby controlling the rotation speed of the rotor 7, as known in the art. Accordingly, the brushless D.C. motor according to the present invention can be smoothly rotated.
From the above description, it will be readily seen that the brushless D.C. motor of this invention is constructed so that a pair of photo-transistors per a phase are arranged in the commutation encoder 2 so as to eliminate the signal dividing device and the cross-fire prevention interlock, thereby enabling the circuit to be -9 simplified. Moreover, the brushless D.C. motor of the invention is constituted so that the maximum current can be applied to the independent winding coil for each phase, and the winding coils can be utilized efficiently by the multiphasing (for example, 2-phase 1-exciting, 3-phase 2-exciting, 4-phase 3-exciting, 5-phase 4-exciting, 6-phase 5 exciting so as to realize a compact design. Furthermore, the brushless D.C. motor of the Sinvention allows a torque ripple to be remarkably improved, and the copper loss to be minimized by eliminating the portion having the poor torque by the advanced commutation of the photo-transistors and the adjustment of the width of the sensing area for the S, 1 photo-transistor so that the heat generated from the motor S* 15 is minimized with improving the efficiency. Further, the brushless D.C. motor of the invention can be constructed to rotate forwardly or reversely by providing the set of photo-transistors used during the reverse rotation in the symmetric position separated from the set of photo-transistors used during the forward rotation. Also, the reduction of the captivity of the transistor mounted in the driving edge having independent phase makes the °manufacturing cost reduced.
0* 4 I a i4i 0)
Claims (3)
2. A motor according to claim 1, wherein the width of said light detecting portions is determined by the following formula; 2n X the number of poles in the rotor the number of phases 1 (degrees) the number of phases the number of said light detecting portion is determined by the following formula: S 15 the number of poles in the rotor 2
9. and said interval between each of said photo-transistors 20 is determined by the following formula: If 11* 2n the number of poles in the rotor 1 (degrees) the number of phases so that the motor can be composed jf one selected from a group consisting of 2-phase with 1-exciting, 3-phase with 2-exciting, 4-phase with 3-exciting n-phase with (n-1)-exciting, thereby raising the utility of the windings. 3. A motor according to claim 1, wherein said photo-sensor is arranged in a form of advanced commutation by a given angle in the direction adverse to the rotation T 0 1 r
18- direction of said commutation encoder from theoretical position so as to eliminate the poor torque, thereby to minimize the copper loss. 4. A motor according to claim 1, wherein said photo-sensor is coupled operatively with said commutation encoder in such a manner that, as occasion demands, the distance therebetween can be adjusted in order to slightly change the width of said sensing area of said light detecting portion, thereby to modulate the exciting width in the windings. A motor according to claim 1, wherein the photo-sensor includes a set of photo-transistors for use in a reverse rotation which is provided in symmetric position separated from the two photo-transistors for use in a forward rotation. DATED this 12 day of August 1991 I SOO LEE Patent Attorneys for the Applicants F.B. RICE CO. T 0 If I i t/
AU14472/88A
1987-04-22
1988-04-11
A multi-phase bipolar brushless d.c. motor
Ceased
AU616365B2
(en)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title
KR8703937
1987-04-22
KR1019870003937A
KR890004099B1
(en)
1987-04-22
1987-04-22
D.c. multi-phase bi-polar brushless motor
Publications (2)
Publication Number
Publication Date
AU1447288A
AU1447288A
(en)
1988-10-27
AU616365B2
true
AU616365B2
(en)
1991-10-24
Family
ID=19260933
Family Applications (1)
Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date
AU14472/88A
Ceased
AU616365B2
(en)
1987-04-22
1988-04-11
A multi-phase bipolar brushless d.c. motor
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US4882524A
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KR890004099B1
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CH682193A5
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DE3812638C2
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ES2007816A6
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FR2614480A1
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GB
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GB2204197B
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HK83292A
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IT1219549B
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1987
1987-04-22
KR
KR1019870003937A
patent/KR890004099B1/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation
1988
1988-04-11
AU
AU14472/88A
patent/AU616365B2/en
not_active
Ceased
1988-04-12
US
US07/180,373
patent/US4882524A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime
1988-04-12
GB
GB8808555A
patent/GB2204197B/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime
1988-04-15
CH
CH1396/88A
patent/CH682193A5/de
not_active
IP Right Cessation
1988-04-15
DE
DE3812638A
patent/DE3812638C2/en
not_active
Expired – Fee Related
1988-04-19
BE
BE8800451A
patent/BE1004032A3/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation
1988-04-21
IT
IT47880/88A
patent/IT1219549B/en
active
1988-04-21
FR
FR8805280A
patent/FR2614480A1/en
not_active
Withdrawn
1988-04-21
ES
ES8801223A
patent/ES2007816A6/en
not_active
Expired
1992
1992-04-21
SG
SG43292A
patent/SG43292G/en
unknown
1992-10-29
HK
HK832/92A
patent/HK83292A/en
unknown
Also Published As
Publication number
Publication date
KR890004099B1
(en)
1989-10-20
BE1004032A3
(en)
1992-09-15
AU1447288A
(en)
1988-10-27
GB2204197A
(en)
1988-11-02
SG43292G
(en)
1992-06-12
GB8808555D0
(en)
1988-05-11
DE3812638A1
(en)
1988-11-10
DE3812638C2
(en)
1995-06-14
GB2204197B
(en)
1991-05-08
US4882524A
(en)
1989-11-21
HK83292A
(en)
1992-11-06
ES2007816A6
(en)
1989-07-01
CH682193A5
(en)
1993-07-30
IT1219549B
(en)
1990-05-18
KR880013292A
(en)
1988-11-30
IT8847880D0
(en)
1988-04-21
FR2614480A1
(en)
1988-10-28
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