AU6739190A - Creación de Inventos y Patentes con Inteligencia Artificial

AU6739190A – Electrical connector
– Google Patents

AU6739190A – Electrical connector
– Google Patents
Electrical connector

Info

Publication number
AU6739190A

AU6739190A
AU67391/90A
AU6739190A
AU6739190A
AU 6739190 A
AU6739190 A
AU 6739190A
AU 67391/90 A
AU67391/90 A
AU 67391/90A
AU 6739190 A
AU6739190 A
AU 6739190A
AU 6739190 A
AU6739190 A
AU 6739190A
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
clip
lead
leg
connector
cavity
Prior art date
1990-08-23
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Granted

Application number
AU67391/90A
Other versions

AU641956B2
(en

Inventor
Chris Hertelendy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Individual

Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1990-08-23
Filing date
1990-08-23
Publication date
1992-03-17

1990-08-23
Application filed by Individual
filed
Critical
Individual

1992-03-17
Publication of AU6739190A
publication
Critical
patent/AU6739190A/en

1993-10-07
Application granted
granted
Critical

1993-10-07
Publication of AU641956B2
publication
Critical
patent/AU641956B2/en

2010-08-23
Anticipated expiration
legal-status
Critical

Status
Ceased
legal-status
Critical
Current

Links

Espacenet

Global Dossier

Discuss

239000004020
conductor
Substances

0.000
claims
abstract
description
11

229910052751
metal
Inorganic materials

0.000
claims
abstract
description
3

239000002184
metal
Substances

0.000
claims
abstract
description
3

238000003780
insertion
Methods

0.000
claims
description
5

230000037431
insertion
Effects

0.000
claims
description
5

239000004033
plastic
Substances

0.000
claims
description
3

239000012858
resilient material
Substances

0.000
claims
description
3

230000013011
mating
Effects

0.000
claims
description
2

HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Guaifenesin
Chemical compound

COC1=CC=CC=C1OCC(O)CO
HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
claims
1

239000012777
electrically insulating material
Substances

0.000
claims
1

239000011810
insulating material
Substances

0.000
claims
1

238000005422
blasting
Methods

0.000
abstract
description
18

230000009977
dual effect
Effects

0.000
abstract
description
5

229920001296
polysiloxane
Polymers

0.000
abstract
description
3

238000009413
insulation
Methods

0.000
abstract
description
2

238000005474
detonation
Methods

0.000
abstract
1

238000002788
crimping
Methods

0.000
description
2

239000004519
grease
Substances

0.000
description
2

241000406799
Deto
Species

0.000
description
1

235000012571
Ficus glomerata
Nutrition

0.000
description
1

240000000365
Ficus racemosa
Species

0.000
description
1

241001307210
Pene
Species

0.000
description
1

239000004743
Polypropylene
Substances

0.000
description
1

229910000639
Spring steel
Inorganic materials

0.000
description
1

235000015125
Sterculia urens
Nutrition

0.000
description
1

DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
beryllium copper
Chemical compound

[Be].[Cu]
DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1

239000003989
dielectric material
Substances

0.000
description
1

230000000694
effects
Effects

0.000
description
1

238000004880
explosion
Methods

0.000
description
1

239000000463
material
Substances

0.000
description
1

238000005065
mining
Methods

0.000
description
1

-1
polypropylene
Polymers

0.000
description
1

229920001155
polypropylene
Polymers

0.000
description
1

238000007789
sealing
Methods

0.000
description
1

230000001052
transient effect
Effects

0.000
description
1

XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
water
Substances

O
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1

238000004078
waterproofing
Methods

0.000
description
1

Classifications

H—ELECTRICITY

H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS

H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation

H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections

H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member

H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar

H01R4/48185—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar adapted for axial insertion of a wire end

H—ELECTRICITY

H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS

H01R4/22—End caps, i.e. of insulating or conductive material for covering or maintaining connections between wires entering the cap from the same end

H—ELECTRICITY

H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS

H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands

H01R4/2416—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having insulation-cutting edges, e.g. of tuning fork type

H—ELECTRICITY

H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS

H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 – H01R33/00

H01R13/46—Bases; Cases

H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases

Abstract

A dual lead waterproof connector for reliably connecting end-to-end pairs of wires as to connect blasting cap leads to an electrical source for detonation, in which a resilient metal «C» clip is disposed lengthwise in a longitudinally extending cavity in each of a pair of elongated dielectric connector bodies fixed together and extending side-by-side. The legs of each C-clip are inclined towards each other and terminate adjacent an inside surface of the connector cavity. An unstripped lead to be spliced is inserted through a centering hole in an end plug which is guided to deflect a respective leg to move past the end thereof. The unstripped lead is advanced to bottom the end in a crotch formed by the opposite leg to establish a secondary electrical connection upon pulling on the lead, the lead insulation is sliced through by the edges of a contact slot formed into the end of the C clip leg to reliably establish a low resistance electrical connection to the lead conductor strongly resistant to pull out of the inserted lead. A mass of dielectric silicone fills the interior of each body to insure a waterproof connection. Shunts are provided to insure that stray induced currents cannot be set up to detonate a blasting cap if the connector is connected to a blasting cap during shipment.

Description

ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention concerns electrical connectors, and more particularly waterproof dual lead connectors adapted to allow reliable, high tensile strength field splicing to be made to blasting cap leads.
In conducting blasting operations for mining, exca¬ vation, seismic testing and the like, electrically deto¬ nated blasting caps are utilized. In many situations, the blasting caps are placed adjacent to charges located in boreholes at relatively great depth, extending verti¬ cally into the earth.
In such blasting operations there are typically a large number of charges and blasting caps emplaced which all must simultaneously be detonated, or the blast will not produce the desired result and a misfire of any charge requires a very costly reboring of the boreholes and emplacement and wiring of new charges.
Typically, such boreholes are below the water table such as to be flooded, so that the electrical connections thereto must be waterproof.
The leads to the blasting caps are also subjected to significant tensile stresses due to the relatively great depths of the bore holes and rough handling incidental to such operations.
A suitable splice connector for making electrical connections to the blasting cap has not heretofore been provided, which will with sufficient reliability achieve a waterproof connection which is also able to withstand the tensile stresses placed on the spliced connection in handling. For these reasons, the practice has been to provide a large inventory of blasting caps havin leads of various lengths to accommodate various b ehole depths.
In copending application SN 912,211, filed on Sep¬ tember 25, 1986, now patent no. 4,673,233 there is disclosed a high tensile strength splice connector in which overlapping lead segments to be spliced are crimped into engagement with a conductive, generally convergent body. It would be advantageous if such high tensile strength, dual lead splice connector was able to be

provided not requiring the use of crimping tools.
An important consideration in the design of such connectors is the change in electrical resistance over a range of temperatures or moisture levels. Industry standards require that such changes must not be excessive to insure complete reliability in use for the above reasons.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present inven¬ tion to provide an electrical connector for making a high tensile strength dual lead splice connections between pairs of electrical leads in which the electrical resist¬ ance does not change substantially over a range of tem¬ perature or moisture conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises an electrical con¬ nector which allows a high tensile strength splice con¬ nection to be made without the use of tools. The connec¬ tor includes a dielectric elongated body having a length¬ wise extending cavity receiving a conductive C-clip formed of a strip of resilient metal, with inwardly inclined legs each having a slotted terminal edge closely adjacent the inside surface body walls.
The ends of the connector body are closed by sealing inserts of a resilient material, with centering openings directing an inserted lead from each end into the interi¬ or of the connector body.
An inserted lead is directed towards the inclined outer surface of a C-clip leg to deflect the leg and be guided into the terminal slotted edge of each leg by contact with the inclined face of the leg. The inserted lead is therefore angled sharply with respect to the terminal edge and may be firmly gripped by the leg edge upon exertion of a pulling force after insertion, pene¬ tration of an insulating jacket and establishment of an electrical connection thereby accomplished.
The sharply angled position of an inserted lead insures a high tensile strength self locking frictional grip of an inserted lead between the terminal edge and the inner surface of the connector body cavity.
Insertion of a lead at the opposite end thus com¬ pletes the splice connector therebetween.
Pairs of the connector bodies are advantageously molded of plastic in a single integral part to provide a dual lead splice connector.

The interior of each body is completely filled with a dielectric waterproof gel, such as silicone grease, a portion of which is displaced upon insertion of each lead to maintain complete occlusion of each connector body cavity.
A shunt clip is also provided to allow safe trans¬ port of blasting caps with a connector according to the present invention secured to the blasting cap leads.
This, shunt clip comprises a U-shaped conductor having ends insertable in the openings of the opposite insert to move against the adjacent legs of each of the C-clips and establish a shunt connection across the connected leads.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a plan view of an electrical connector according to the present invention, with segments of pairs of electrical leads spliced together.
FIGURE 2 is a view of the section 2-2 taken in Figure 1.
FIGURE 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the section 2-2.
FIGURE 4 is a view of the section 4-4 taken in Figure 2.
FIGURE 5 is an endwise view of the connector shown in Figure l.
FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of the C-clip incor¬ porated in the connector of Figure 1.
FIGURE 7 is a view of the connector of Figure l connecting the leads to a blasting cap and with a shunt clip installed.
FIGURE 8 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the end of the connector shown in Figure 7 depicting the details of the shunt installed therein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following detailed description, certain specific terminology will be employed for the sake of clarity and a particular embodiment described in accord¬ ance with the requirements of 35 USC 112, but it is to be understood that the same is not intended to be limiting

as the invention is capable of taking many .variations within the scope of the appended claims.
Referring to the Drawings, the electrical connector 10 according to the present invention, is adapted to splice a pair of leads 12 and 14 securely together, end- to-end, without the use of crimping tools.
The connector 10 includes a pair of parallel, side- by-side, elongated connector bodies 16 and 18, preferably integral in a single molded part 20 joined at either end as shown in Figure 1.
The molded part 20 is of a suitable rigid dielectric material, such as a polypropylene plastic.
As best seen in Figures 2 and 5, each end 22, 24 of the molded part 20 is formed with a pair of round bores 26, 28, aligned with each connector body 16, 18, and which each receive a respective one of a pair of plugs 30, 32 formed of a part of a molded insert 34 received within a recess 36 in ends 22, 24.
Plugs 30, 32 are each formed with conical openings 38 converging to a centered guide hole 40 in the end thereof. Insert 34 is preferably of molded rubbery material to allow stretching of the guide holes 40 to accommodate a range of wire gauge sizes.
Each connector body 16 and 18 is of a hollow rectan¬ gular configuration, as best seen in Figure 4, and has a C-clip 42 sized to be slidably fit into the rectangular lengthwise extending cavity 44 formed therein.
C-clip 42 is constructed of a flat strip of a con¬ ductive resilient material, such as spring steel .or beryllium copper and includes a straight main portion 43 connecting pair of legs 46 and 48 opposite each end which are inclined towards each other to form ramp surfaces 50, 52 facing a respective guide hole 40 at either end. The transverse ends 54, 56 terminate against the inner sur¬ face of the cavity 44.
Thus as lead 12 is advanced into the cavity 44 through a guide hole 40, it encounters a ramp surface 50 or 52, and guiding it between the end 54 or 56 of the C- clip leg 46 or 48 respectively.
As best seen in Figure 3, further advance of the lead 12 causes the leg 46 to be resiliently deflected downwardly as shown in phantom to allow the lead to move past the leg edge 56 into the intermediate space of cavity 44. The lead 12 is necessarily inclined since it

enters through the centered guide hole 40, and forms a sharp angle with the deflected leg 48.
The tip 13 of the lead 12 or 14 encounters the inside of the opposite leg 46 or 48, inclined at approxi¬ mately 45 degrees to the main portion 42 to be guided to ultimately bottom against the crotch 45 or 49 of a re¬ spective leg 46 or 48, establishing a secondary electri¬ cal connection through the clip 42.
The primary electrical connection is established by a slotted contact recess 55, 57 formed in the respective leg 46, 48, the width of the slot is such as to cause the insulation to be penetrated as the lead 12 is drawn thereinto by a slicing action of the parallel opposite edges of a contact recess 55, 57.
Upon pulling of the lead 12, the sides of the con¬ tact recess 55 or 57 will bite through the isulation and into contact with the conductor. A strong self locking effect is achieved by the for the leg 46 or 48 to be moved outwardly by pulling forces applied to the lead 12 to lock the same against an inner surface of cavity 44 and trap the lead 12 within the contact. This locking action anchors the leg 46, 48 to resist straightening during seating of the lead 12 in the contact recess 55, 57. The angled orientation of the lead 12 effected by its entrance through the center hole 40 causes a greater deflection of the legs 46, 48 than would otherwise be undergone, to afford greater assurance that contact is maintained between the contact recess 55, 57 and the conductor of the lead 12.
The relatively long length of the lead 12 lying beyond the edge 54, 56 of the respective C-clip leg 46, 48 in addition to establishing a secondary electrical connection, gauges a length of lead such that the insu¬ lating jacket is not simply stripped from the central conductor when subjected to a pull out tensile force.
Various alternate geometries are possible for the contact recesses 55, 57, such as a sharp vee shape geome¬ try, or rounded or serrated central openings inward from inclined entry edges guiding the lead 12 into the open¬ ing.
In order to insure a waterproof connection, th^ cavity 44 is completely filled with a dielectric gel c grease such as silicone, a small proportion of which i^ expelled upon insertion of a wire, insuring continued complete occlusion of that space, and waterproofing protection.

The C-clip 42 is formed with a central .opening 58 mating with either of opposite molded central features 60 protruding into each cavity 44, to centrally locate the same lengthwise within the cavity 44.
The electrical connector 10 according to the present invention is contemplated as being particularly advanta¬ geous when employed to establish splice connections in the field to blasting caps.
In such application, it may be preferable to package and ship blasting caps 62 with the leads 64 preattached to one end of a connector 10 according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 7. In such instance, a shunt 66 is employed comprised of a U-shaped clip of a conductive material having legs 68 (Figure 8) spaced to be able to be inserted through the free end into con¬ tact with the ramping surfaces 50, 52. A suitable pull tab 70 allows easy removal preparatory to installing the connecting leads in the field. This prevents transient induced currents from passing into the blasting cap to thereby prevent accidental explosions.
Thus, it can be appreciated that a reliable electri¬ cal connection can be established without the use of tools, and strongly resisting pull out of the leads once inserted and engaged with the C-clip. A range of sizes of wires is easily accommodated, while the connec¬ tor is simple and able to be manufactured at low cost.

Claims (12)

1. An electrical connector for establishing a splice connection between electrical leads having an insulating jacket and a conductor core, comprising: a hollow, elongated connector body of an electrical¬ ly insulating material having a series of walls defining a cavity therein and having an opening at each end; a C-clip of a strip of resilient, conductive materi¬ al disposed in said cavity, said C-clip having a pair of legs, each extending from a respective end of an elongat¬ ed main portion lying against the inside of one of said walls of said connector body and extending lengthwise within said cavity, each of said legs inclined towards each other and away from a respective adjacent opening of said connector body to form a crotch at either end of said C-clip, each leg having a terminal edge lying at a point closely adjacent the inside of another of said walls of said connector body opposite the inside of said first mentioned wall, a contact recess formed into each terminal edge comprised of a slot having closely spaced opposite edges adapted to slice through said insulating jacket and contact said conductor core as an electrical lead is pulled back after insertion into said connector body to be seated within a contact recess, whereby an electrical lead may be inserted at either end to engage and deflect a respective c-clip leg and move past said terminal edge and thereby be gripped against pullout by the edges of said contact recess sliced into said insu¬ lating jacket.

2. The electrical connector according to Claim 1 wherein each central slot has sides parallel to said C- clip.

3. The electrical connector according to Claim 1 wherein said connector body cavity is rectangular in section and said C-clip is comprised of a flat strip, with said main portion lying against a flat inner surface of said inside of said wall.

4. The electrical connector according to Claim 3 further including a plug mounted at each end of said connector body having a centrally located opening sized substantially smaller than said cavity of said connector body, causing an inserted electrical lead to be inclined in order to pass a terminal edge of one of said legs of said C-clip.

5. The electrical connector according to Claim 4 wherein each of said plug is of a resilient material to enable stretching of said opening to accommodate a range of lead sizes.

6. The electrical connector according to Claim 3 wherein said main portion of said C-clip is formed with a feature intermediate the length thereof and wherein said flat surface is formed with a mating feature to locate said C-clip lengthwise within said connector body.

7. The electrical connector according to Claim 3 wherein each leg of said C-clip is inclined at approxi¬ mately 45″ from said main portion, to guide a lead from an oppositely directed lead to one of said crotches.

8. An electrical connector comprising: a pair of electrically insulating side-by-side elongate connector bodies each having an internal length¬ wise extending cavity and an end portion integrally joining each pair of ends of said connector bodies, each end portion being formed with a pair of bores respective¬ ly aligned with said lengthwise extending internal cavi¬ ty; an insert in each end portion bore, said insert including: a plug received in each bore, each plug formed with a central opening; a C-clip disposed in the internal cavity of each of said connector bodies, said C-clip comprised of a strip of electrically conductive material comprising an elon¬ gate main portion lying along a surface defining said internal cavity, and a pair of legs integral with said main portion each extending, from a respective end of said main portion, each leg comprising a strip of resil¬ ient, electrically conductive material, each leg inclined towards the other to form a crotch at the adjacent end of the main portion, each leg terminating with an edge closely adjacent a surface defining in part said internal cavity opposite said surface against which said main portion is positioned, and, a slotted contact recess extending inwardly from said edge of each leg, whereby insulated leads inserted in said plug openings are each guided to the region adjacent said edge of a leg and allowed to be forced past said leg by deflection thereof and to engage the conductor, said lead drawn within said slotted contact recess.

9. The electrical connector according to Claim 8 wherein said connector bodies and end portions thereof are of a stiff plastic and said inserts are of a rubbery electrically insulating material, and said C- clip of a spring metal.

10. The electrical connector according to Claim 8 wherein the connector bodies have rectangularly shaped internal cavities defined by a series of flat internal surfaces.

11. The electrical connector according to Claim 8 wherein the internal cavity of each of said connector bodies is filled with a dielectric waterproof gel.

12. The electrical connector according to Claim 8 further including a shunt clip, comprised of a U-shaped conductive piece having a pair of legs each inserted into an opening of a respective plug at one end of said con¬ nector and into contact with a leg of each C- clip.

AU67391/90A
1990-08-23
1990-08-23
Electrical connector

Ceased

AU641956B2
(en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title

PCT/US1990/004781

WO1992003856A1
(en)

1990-08-23
1990-08-23
Electrical connector

Publications (2)

Publication Number
Publication Date

AU6739190A
true

AU6739190A
(en)

1992-03-17

AU641956B2

AU641956B2
(en)

1993-10-07

Family
ID=22221009
Family Applications (1)

Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date

AU67391/90A
Ceased

AU641956B2
(en)

1990-08-23
1990-08-23
Electrical connector

Country Status (10)

Country
Link

US
(1)

US4952167A
(en)

EP
(1)

EP0497893B1
(en)

JP
(1)

JP3050914B2
(en)

AT
(1)

ATE139375T1
(en)

AU
(1)

AU641956B2
(en)

BR
(1)

BR9007871A
(en)

CA
(1)

CA2070418C
(en)

DE
(1)

DE69027442T2
(en)

ES
(1)

ES2091830T3
(en)

WO
(1)

WO1992003856A1
(en)

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(en)

1991-04-01
1992-10-15
Kevin Hunter Waldock
Electrical connector

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1991-04-01
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Chris Hertelendy
Electrical connector

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Electric detonator and lead connector assembly

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Detonator system, package of detonator systems and method of assembling the detonator and an intensifying charge

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2000-05-16
Tecnicas Reunidas S A

PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF DRY ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERIES SPENT FROM DOMESTIC USES, WITH RECOVERY OF COMPONENT ELEMENTS.

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2005-06-21
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Ideal Industries, Inc.
Electrical disconnect with push-in connectors

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Electrical disconnect with push-in connectors

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Connector for cable connection

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Connector, and methods of use

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Rich Brand Industries Limited
Plug wire type lampholder

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2018-01-05
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泰科电子(上海)有限公司
Plug-in type Wire-to-wire connector

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(en)

2020-04-21
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Blue Force Gear, Inc.
Dual initiator coupler kit

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US07/162,177
patent/US4952167A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1990

1990-08-23
DE
DE69027442T
patent/DE69027442T2/en
not_active
Expired – Fee Related

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AT
AT90917011T
patent/ATE139375T1/en
active

1990-08-23
JP
JP02515837A
patent/JP3050914B2/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1990-08-23
WO
PCT/US1990/004781
patent/WO1992003856A1/en
active
IP Right Grant

1990-08-23
CA
CA002070418A
patent/CA2070418C/en
not_active
Expired – Fee Related

1990-08-23
EP
EP90917011A
patent/EP0497893B1/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1990-08-23
BR
BR909007871A
patent/BR9007871A/en
not_active
Application Discontinuation

1990-08-23
AU
AU67391/90A
patent/AU641956B2/en
not_active
Ceased

1990-08-23
ES
ES90917011T
patent/ES2091830T3/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

Also Published As

Publication number
Publication date

BR9007871A
(en)

1992-09-22

US4952167A
(en)

1990-08-28

EP0497893A4
(en)

1993-09-01

CA2070418C
(en)

2000-10-17

EP0497893B1
(en)

1996-06-12

JP3050914B2
(en)

2000-06-12

DE69027442T2
(en)

1996-10-31

EP0497893A1
(en)

1992-08-12

WO1992003856A1
(en)

1992-03-05

JPH05503391A
(en)

1993-06-03

CA2070418A1
(en)

1992-02-24

ATE139375T1
(en)

1996-06-15

ES2091830T3
(en)

1996-11-16

DE69027442D1
(en)

1996-07-18

AU641956B2
(en)

1993-10-07

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