GB1564924A – Ductile magnetic alloys
– Google Patents
GB1564924A – Ductile magnetic alloys
– Google Patents
Ductile magnetic alloys
Download PDF
Info
Publication number
GB1564924A
GB1564924A
GB18250/76A
GB1825076A
GB1564924A
GB 1564924 A
GB1564924 A
GB 1564924A
GB 18250/76 A
GB18250/76 A
GB 18250/76A
GB 1825076 A
GB1825076 A
GB 1825076A
GB 1564924 A
GB1564924 A
GB 1564924A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
alloy according
ductile
alloy
magnetic
composition
Prior art date
1975-05-05
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB18250/76A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FAR FAB ASSORTIMENTS REUNIES
Original Assignee
FAR FAB ASSORTIMENTS REUNIES
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1975-05-05
Filing date
1976-05-04
Publication date
1980-04-16
1976-05-04
Application filed by FAR FAB ASSORTIMENTS REUNIES
filed
Critical
FAR FAB ASSORTIMENTS REUNIES
1980-04-16
Publication of GB1564924A
publication
Critical
patent/GB1564924A/en
Status
Expired
legal-status
Critical
Current
Links
Espacenet
Global Dossier
Discuss
Classifications
H—ELECTRICITY
H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
C22C—ALLOYS
C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
Description
PATENT SPECIFICATION ( 11)
c ( 21) Application No 18250/76 ( 22) Filed 4 May 1976 ( 19) CN ( 31) Convention Application No 5725/75 ( 32) Filed 5 May 1975 in C ( 33) Switzerland (CH)
Il$ ( 44) Complete Specification published 16 April 1980
CJ ( 51) INT CL 3 C 22 C 19/07 M ( 52) Index at acceptance C 7 A 716 77 Y A 230 A 231 A 233 A 235 A 237 A 23 X A 23 Y A 279 A 280 A 289 A 28 Y A 290 A 293 A 296 A 299 A 300 A 303 A 305 A 307 A 309 A 30 Y A 311 A 313 A 316 A 319 A 31 X A 320 A 323 A 326 A 329 A 339 A 349 A 350 A 352 A 354 A 356 A 358 A 35 Y A 360 A 362 A 364 A 366 A 369 A 36 Y A 389 A 409 A 439 A 459 A 481 A 483 A 485 A 487 A 489 A 48 X A 48 Y A 491 A 493 A 495 A 497 A 499 A 49 X A 501 A 503 A 505 A 507 A 509 A 50 X A 529 A 549 A 551 A 553 A 555 A 557 A 559 A 55 X A 55 Y A 562 A 565 A 568 A 56 X A 571 A 574 A 577 A 579 A 57 Y A 584 A 587 A 589 A 58 X A 58 Y A 591 A 593 A 595 A 599 A 59 X A 609 A 629 A 671 A 673 A 675 A 677 A 679 A 67 X A 681 A 683 A 685 A 686 A 689 A 68 X A 693 A 695 A 697 A 699 A 69 X A 70 X ( 54) DUCTILE MAGNETIC ALLOYS ( 71) We, L Es FABRIQUES D’ASSORTIMENTS REUNIES, a Societe Anonyme organised under the laws of Switzerland, of Girardet 57, 2400 Le Locle, Switzerland, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to ductile magnetic alloys.
Rare earth/cobalt ferromagnetic alloys have a high energy product and, for this reason, are the subject of numerous practical applications They are normally produced by powder metallurgy, i e by sintering or by coating powders of TR Co,, with.
for example, a tin alloy, where TR is a rare earth, such as samarium, gadolinium.
praseodymium, cerium, neodymium, holmium or an element related to the rare earths, such as lanthanum and yttrium or a mixture of two or more of these rarc earth and/or related elements and where n is a number from 5 to 8 5.
Despite the fact that these magnets are remarkable for their magnetic qualities, i e.
a high intrinsic coercive field of 25 k Oe, a high saturation magnetisation of 10 k G and hence a high energy product they are fragile, difficult to machine and sensitive to the environment As a result, the manufacture of small magnets by machining is difficult as is the production of large magnets which break during cooling after solidification under the effect of residual internal stresses.
In addition, it is known that magnets can be obtained by casting an alloy which, in addition to TR Co contains copper and which is subjected to a magnetic hardening treatment These compounds are also substantially non-ductile, very difficult to work and almost totally unsuited for machining with cutting tools (i e by turning).
According to the present invention there is provided a ductile magnetic alloy having an overall composition consisting of from 5 to 22.5 atom percent TR, where TR represents one or more of the elements samarium, gadolinium, praseodymium, cerium.
neodymium, holmi a Lm, lanthanum and yttrium, and from 5 to 65 atom percent X, where X represents one or more of the metals copper, iron, nickel, aluminium, molybdenum and manganese the balance being cobalt said alloy consisting of a cobalt-containing ductile phase dispersed in a magnetic matrix having a composition of from (Co X) TR 2 to (Co,X)1 JR 0.
Preferably, X represents a mixture of copper and nickel.
The composition of the magnetic matrix is preferably from (Co,X),TR to (Co X)1,JR 2.
TR may represent samarium Alternatively TR may represent one or more of the elements gadolinium, praseodymium, cerium, neodymium holmium, lanthanum and yttrium.
The ductile phase dispersed in the magnectic matrix, may have a cellular or dentritic structure.
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how the 1564924 same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which:Figure 1 is a phase diagram including a eutectic point which illustrates the behaviour on cooling of compositions on which the alloys according to the invention are based; Figure 2 is a phase diagram including a peritectic point which illustrates the behaviour on cooling of compositions on which the alloys according to the invention are based; Figure 3 shows the mode of growth of the ductile phase and magnetic phase in relation to the phase diagram of Figure 1; Figure 4 shows an example of dendritic growth for the phase diagram shown in Figure 2; and Figure 5 is a ternary diagram showing the overall compositions on which the alloys of the invention are based.
In Figure 1, the temperature T is plotted on the ordinate and the atom percent of TR on the abcissa The vertical lines 1, 2 and 3 in the phase diagram indicate the compositions TRM(Co MX 7, TR(Co X), and TRA Co)X 7, respectively Controlled cooling in the direction of the arrow y gives a eutectic alloy consisting of a matrix of composition TR 2 (Co,X), and fibres or lamellae of another phase, i e the ductile phase, such as (Co,X) In this case, X represents an element substituted for part of the Co, namely Cu, Fe, Ni, Al, Mo or Mn or a mixture of two or more of these elements, such as Cu and Ni.
Solidification results in the formation of ductile fibres 11 (Figure 3) in a magnetic matrix 12 A solidification front 13 separates liquid 14 from solid 15 The various interfaces between the ductile phase and the matrix can be seen at 16 The reference 17 denotes the distance between ductile fibres which varies from 1 to 10 jim, depending upon the solidification rate.
However, it is also possible, for example, to obtain an alloy consisting of a magnetic matrix of composition TR(Co,X),5 _, and a ductile phase (Co X) which has a cellular or dendritic structure Controlled solidification takes place along the line y’ (Figure 2).
This figure also shows the temperature T on the ordinate and the atom percentage of TR on the abscissa The vertical lines 21, 22 and 23 represent the compositions TR 2 (Co XX 7, TR(Co X), and TR 2 (Co,X)7, respectively.
Ductile dendrites 32 (Figure 4) are obtained in a magnetic matrix 31 A solidification front 33 separates liquid 34 from the solid 35 The various interfaces between the ductile phase and the matrix are shown at 36 and the distance 33 between the dentrites is greater than in the preceding case (Figure 3) On this occasion, it is 65 approximately 50 Am.
A fragile material may be made ductile by virtue of the following principle A composite material consisting of two fragile phases is more ductile than each of the two 70 phases on their own because the interfaces between the fragile phases improve the mechanical qualities of the material Accordingly, a composite material consisting of a fragile phase and ductile phase will be even 75 more readily machinable by virtue of the double effect of the presence of the ductile phase and the presence of the interfaces between the ductile phase and the fragile phase 80 The mechanical qualities and, above all, magnetic qualities of the alloys according to the invention are obtained by controlled solidification to give an orientated structure.
To this end, solidification is carried out 85 in a controlled solidification furnace consisting of a crucible which can be moved at a predetermined rate past a heat source.
It is possible in this way to establish the desired conditions, such as the temperature 90 gradient at the liquid-solid interface and the solidification rate.
Although improving the mechanical qualities, controlled solidfication is important above all for obtaining optimal magnetic 95 characteristics In all the cases referred to above, magnetic hardening is obtained by precipitation.
The same alloys may be obtained by casting with directional solidification The alloy 100 used is an alloy having the composition determined by the arrow y in Figure 1 which is cast in a crucible of which the base is cooled by a cooling system of any kind In this case, a fibrous structure of the type 105 illustrated in Figure 3 is obtained, although it is also possible to obtain a structure in cellular or dentritic form It is also possible to adopt the same procedure with an alloy of the type shown in Figure 2 whose com 110 position is determined by the arrow y’ for example The alloy produced is substantially the same as the alloy shown in Figure 4, but consists of dendrities with secondary branches 115 The overall compositions of the magnetic alloys according to the invention are shown in the ternary diagram of Figure 5 This shows an atom percentage of TR which varies from 5 to 22 5 X varies from 5 to 65 120 atom percent and may be one or more of the following metals: Fe, Ni, Al, Cu, Mo and Mn.
The advantages of the magnetic alloys according to the invention are numerous 125 They have outstanding magnetic properties which are stable They have superior mechanical qualities to commerically available rare earth/ cobalt magnets, particularly with 1,564,924 1,564,924 regard to their machinability, as comparative machining tests have shown They can be machined with cutting tools so that it is possible to manufacture magnets of any shape and size Their strength is superior to that of commerically available rare earth/ cobalt magnets Finally, it is also possible to cast by the techniques described in this specification magnets with large dimensions which, by virtue of the improvement in mechanical properties, are better able to withstand the stresses developed during cooling.
Thus, it is possible to produce high performance magnets of small dimensions and high precision and to manufacture large parts by casting.
Claims (8)
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: –
1 A ductile magnetic alloy having an overall composition consisting of from 5 to 22.5 atom percent TR, where TR represents one or more of the elements samarium, gadolinium, praseodymium, cerium, neodymium, holmium, lanthanum and yttrium, and from 5 to 65 atom percent X, where X represents one or more of the metals copper, iron, nickel, aluminium, molybdenum and manganese, the balance being cobalt, said alloy consisting of a cobalt-containing ductile phase dispersed in a magnetic matrix having a composition of from (Co,X),TR 2 to (Co X),7 TR 2.
2 An alloy according to claim 1, wherein X represents a mixture of copper and nickel.
3 An alloy according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the composition of the magnetic matrix is from (Co,X),TR to (Co X)17 TR 2.
4 An alloy according to any preceding claim, wherein TR represents samarium.
An alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein TR represents one or more of the elements gadolinium, praseodymium, cerium, neodymium, holmium, lanthanum and yttrium.
6 An alloy according to claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
7 An alloy according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the ductile phase has a dendritic structure.
8 A permanent magnet made from an alloy according to any one of the preceding claims.
HASELTINE LAKE & CO, Chartered Patent Agents, Hazlitt House, 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, WC 2 A IAT, also Temple Gate House, Temple Gate, Bristol, B 51 6 PT, and 9, Park Square, Leeds, L 51 2 LH.
Yorks.
Printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office by Burgess & Son (Abingdon), Ltd -1980.
lPublished at The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC 2 A l AY.
from which copies may be obtained.
GB18250/76A
1975-05-05
1976-05-04
Ductile magnetic alloys
Expired
GB1564924A
(en)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title
CH572575A
CH601481A5
(en)
1975-05-05
1975-05-05
Publications (1)
Publication Number
Publication Date
GB1564924A
true
GB1564924A
(en)
1980-04-16
Family
ID=4298314
Family Applications (1)
Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date
GB18250/76A
Expired
GB1564924A
(en)
1975-05-05
1976-05-04
Ductile magnetic alloys
Country Status (7)
Country
Link
US
(1)
US4279668A
(en)
JP
(1)
JPS51134312A
(en)
CH
(1)
CH601481A5
(en)
DE
(1)
DE2618425A1
(en)
FR
(1)
FR2310418A1
(en)
GB
(1)
GB1564924A
(en)
NL
(1)
NL7603890A
(en)
Cited By (2)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
US4484957A
(en)
*
1980-02-07
1984-11-27
Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd.
Permanent magnetic alloy
GB2232165A
(en)
*
1989-03-22
1990-12-05
Cookson Group Plc
Magnetic compositions
Families Citing this family (8)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
JPS5613454A
(en)
*
1979-04-12
1981-02-09
Far Fab Assortiments Reunies
Ductile magnetic alloy and production
JPS56166347A
(en)
*
1980-05-26
1981-12-21
Takagi Kogyo Kk
Manufacture of permanent magnet alloy of rare earth element and cobalt
US4529445A
(en)
*
1983-02-08
1985-07-16
U.S. Philips Corporation
Invar alloy on the basis of iron having a crystal structure of the cubic NaZn13 type
JP3057448B2
(en)
*
1988-05-26
2000-06-26
信越化学工業株式会社
Rare earth permanent magnet
CN1035700C
(en)
*
1992-07-07
1997-08-20
上海跃龙有色金属有限公司
Rare-earth magnetic alloy powder and its processing method
JP3751084B2
(en)
*
1996-08-30
2006-03-01
本田技研工業株式会社
Composite magnetostrictive material and method for producing the same
US7250840B2
(en)
*
2004-03-29
2007-07-31
Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
Layered product
DE102010043704A1
(en)
2010-11-10
2012-05-10
Ksb Aktiengesellschaft
Magnetic material and process for its production
Family Cites Families (12)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
DE1809535C3
(en)
*
1967-11-15
1975-09-11
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd., Kadoma, Osaka (Japan)
Permanent magnet alloy and process for their manufacture
NL6816387A
(en)
*
1968-11-16
1970-05-20
CH519770A
(en)
*
1970-01-09
1972-02-29
Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
Method of manufacturing a permanent magnet
CH532126A
(en)
*
1970-09-08
1972-12-31
Battelle Memorial Institute
Method of manufacturing a material for permanent magnets and material obtained by this method
FR2116861A5
(en)
*
1970-12-10
1972-07-21
Rech Magnetiques D Et
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING ALLOYS OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND METALS OF THE RARE EARTH GROUP INTENDED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS FOR PERMANENT MAGNETS
JPS5548842B2
(en)
*
1973-05-17
1980-12-09
US3982971A
(en)
*
1974-02-21
1976-09-28
Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd
Rare earth-containing permanent magnets
US4099995A
(en)
*
1974-07-31
1978-07-11
Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Ltd.
Copper-hardened permanent-magnet alloy
US4116726A
(en)
*
1974-12-18
1978-09-26
Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company Limited
As-cast permanent magnet Sm-Co-Cu material with iron, produced by annealing and rapid quenching
CH601484A5
(en)
*
1974-12-18
1978-07-14
Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
CH616777A5
(en)
*
1975-09-23
1980-04-15
Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
US4135953A
(en)
*
1975-09-23
1979-01-23
Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited
Permanent magnet and method of making it
1975
1975-05-05
CH
CH572575A
patent/CH601481A5/xx
not_active
IP Right Cessation
1976
1976-04-13
NL
NL7603890A
patent/NL7603890A/en
unknown
1976-04-27
DE
DE19762618425
patent/DE2618425A1/en
not_active
Ceased
1976-04-28
JP
JP51047920A
patent/JPS51134312A/en
active
Pending
1976-05-04
GB
GB18250/76A
patent/GB1564924A/en
not_active
Expired
1976-05-04
FR
FR7613291A
patent/FR2310418A1/en
active
Granted
1979
1979-04-12
US
US06/029,477
patent/US4279668A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime
Cited By (2)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
US4484957A
(en)
*
1980-02-07
1984-11-27
Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd.
Permanent magnetic alloy
GB2232165A
(en)
*
1989-03-22
1990-12-05
Cookson Group Plc
Magnetic compositions
Also Published As
Publication number
Publication date
FR2310418B1
(en)
1978-08-25
DE2618425A1
(en)
1976-11-25
JPS51134312A
(en)
1976-11-20
US4279668A
(en)
1981-07-21
NL7603890A
(en)
1976-11-09
CH601481A5
(en)
1978-07-14
FR2310418A1
(en)
1976-12-03
Similar Documents
Publication
Publication Date
Title
US4322257A
(en)
1982-03-30
Permanent-magnet alloy
Strnat
1990
Modern permanent magnets for applications in electro-technology
CN105244131A
(en)
2016-01-13
Multi-main-phase Nd-Fe-B type permanent magnet with high crack resistance and high coercive force and preparation method thereof
GB1564924A
(en)
1980-04-16
Ductile magnetic alloys
US4849035A
(en)
1989-07-18
Rare earth, iron carbon permanent magnet alloys and method for producing the same
Ghemawat et al.
1989
New microcrystalline hard magnets in a Co-Zr-B alloy system
Livingston
1990
The history of permanent-magnet materials
EP0049141A2
(en)
1982-04-07
Iron-chromium-base spinodal decomposition-type magnetic (hard or semi-hard) alloy
EP0018942B1
(en)
1984-07-04
Ductile magnetic alloys, method of making same and magnetic body
US4208225A
(en)
1980-06-17
Directionally solidified ductile magnetic alloys magnetically hardened by precipitation hardening
KR950004146A
(en)
1995-02-17
Target material for magneto-optical recording media and method for manufacturing same
US2170047A
(en)
1939-08-22
Permanent magnet of copper-cobalt-nickel alloy
CA1172472A
(en)
1984-08-14
Isotropic and nearly isotropic permanent magnet alloys
JP2803727B2
(en)
1998-09-24
Manufacturing method of permanent magnet
JP3073807B2
(en)
2000-08-07
Iron-rare earth permanent magnet material and method for producing the same
JPS62240742A
(en)
1987-10-21
Production of permanent magnet material
JP3217665B2
(en)
2001-10-09
Improved RE-Fe-B-based magnet and method for producing the same
US5403407A
(en)
1995-04-04
Permanent magnets made from iron alloys
KR100384624B1
(en)
2003-08-14
Permanent Magnet Alloy and its Manufacturing Method
JP4635216B2
(en)
2011-02-23
Permanent magnet material
GLARDON
0
consence ProcesoNcs
McCaig
1970
Experiments on RCO 5 and related compounds with permanent magnet properties
CN1019429B
(en)
1992-12-09
Biphase rare earth permanent-magnetic alloy material
Becker et al.
1977
Investigation of the Behavior of High-Anisotropy Permanent Magnet Materials.
Takata
1973
Permanent magnet properties and microstructures of chill-cast (Ce–MM)–Cu–Co ternary alloys
Legal Events
Date
Code
Title
Description
1980-07-02
PS
Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
1987-12-16
PCNP
Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
