AU5421190A - Creation of Inventions and Patents with Artificial Intelligence

AU5421190A – Shape casting in mouldable media
– Google Patents

AU5421190A – Shape casting in mouldable media
– Google Patents
Shape casting in mouldable media

Info

Publication number
AU5421190A

AU5421190A
AU54211/90A
AU5421190A
AU5421190A
AU 5421190 A
AU5421190 A
AU 5421190A
AU 54211/90 A
AU54211/90 A
AU 54211/90A
AU 5421190 A
AU5421190 A
AU 5421190A
AU 5421190 A
AU5421190 A
AU 5421190A
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
casting
helium
gas
air
moulding
Prior art date
1989-05-01
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Granted

Application number
AU54211/90A
Other versions

AU633077B2
(en

Inventor
Don Allen Doutre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Rio Tinto Alcan International Ltd

Original Assignee
Alcan International Ltd Canada
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1989-05-01
Filing date
1990-04-12
Publication date
1990-11-29

1990-04-12
Application filed by Alcan International Ltd Canada
filed
Critical
Alcan International Ltd Canada

1990-11-29
Publication of AU5421190A
publication
Critical
patent/AU5421190A/en

1993-01-21
Application granted
granted
Critical

1993-01-21
Publication of AU633077B2
publication
Critical
patent/AU633077B2/en

2010-04-12
Anticipated expiration
legal-status
Critical

Status
Ceased
legal-status
Critical
Current

Links

Espacenet

Global Dossier

Discuss

Classifications

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY

B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING

B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes

B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings

B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY

B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING

B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes

B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings

B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns

B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY

B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES

B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting

B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould

Description

Shape Casting in Mouldable Media
Background of the Invention
This invention relates to shape casting in mouldable media, and particularly to a casting process in which a non-bonded moulding media contains a high thermal conductivity interstitial gas.
Traditionally, silica sand has been the moulding medium used in shape casting various metals and their alloys. Amon the well known casting processes there may be mentioned sand casting in which the metal is poured into a hollow mould mad of a sand and a binder, CO- casting in which the binder (water glass) is reacted with C02 gas to activate it, investment casting in which the mould is produced by surrounding an expendible pattern with a refractory slurry and shell mould casting where the mould is made by bonding sand particles together to make a shell which has taken up the contours of the metal pattern. Another casting system of particular interest is the evaporative foam casting process in which a foam pattern, generally comprising polystyrene foam, of the item to be cast is made. This foam pattern is coated with a suitable refractory wash, placed in a casting box or flask and surrounded with unbonded silica sand as moulding medium. A foam sprue extends from the pattern to the upper surface of the moulding medium, providing a passageway for the entry of molten metal. The casting box i vibrated to achieve maximum compaction and density of the sand. The molten metal is then poured into the casting box via the sprue, whereby the molten metal evaporates the sprue and pattern, thereby displacing it.

The result is a casting which perfectly reproduces the shape of the pattern. Gases formed from the vapourized polystyrene permeate through the wash, the sand and out through vents in the casting box. Various metallic materials have been tried as moulding media to provide increased thermal conductivity. For instance, there have been studies in ϋ.S.S.R. on the use of pig iron or steel shot, either as cast or fragmented, as a ferromagnetic moulding medium used in conjunction with the evaporative foam process. These studies were reported in the Transactions of a Symposium “Life po Gazifitsiruemy Modelyam” (in English “Full Mould Casting”) published in 1979 by the Institute of Foundry Problems Dkranian S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Kiev, U.S.S.R. While the above materials do provide the desired thermal conductivity, they are very heavy materials which tend to distort the polystyrene patterns used in the evaporative foam process resulting in imprecise castings. Moreover, such heavy moulding media cannot be handled in the conventional equipment used for silica sand.
U.K. Patent application 2,183,517, published June 10, 1987, describes the use of zircon sand as moulding medium in the evaporative foam process. Since zircon sand has a higher bulk density than silica sand, about equal to that of molten metal being cast, it is believed that the hydro¬ static forces acting on the moulding feature are reduced thereby greatly improving mould stability and hence greatly improving the final accuracy of the casting. On the other hand, at temperature of 600°C the thermal conductivity of zircon, 0.83 W/m°K, is only twice that of quartz (silica), 0.54 W/m°K. Since the rate of heat extraction is roughly proportional to the square root of the thermal conductivity of the moulding medium, zircon provides an increase in cooling rate of approximately 24%. Another process to increase the rate of solidification is described in Ryntz et al, U.S. Patent 4,520,858, issued June 4, 1985. In that patent, a chill member of metal,

acting as a potential heat sink, is attached to an evapo¬ rative foam pattern. When metal is cast into the mould, the chill member accelerates cooling and solidification. However, the attaching of a chill member to each pattern is an expensive procedure and it provides a very limited •increase in solidification rate.
It has also been proposed to improve the moulding media by coating the particles with a refractory layer. Such a procedure is described in Rikker, U.S. Patent 4,651,798 issued March 24, 1987 wherein silica sand, alumina, zir- conia or glass particles are coated with such a refractory layer. This layer also modifies the shapes of the parti¬ cles to make them more spherical, so that they flow more evenly around the pattern thereby improving precision. However, these materials again do not have the high thermal conductivity required to increase the solidification rate.
Another moulding media that inproves the evaporative pattern casting process is aluminum granules. This medium has been found to be highly effective in its ability to increase the rate of heat extraction while avoiding the problems of the heavier metals as moulding medium. However, all of the above investigations have focused upon the properties of the solid phase of the moulding medium and have not considered the influence of the gas phase occupying the interstices between the particles in controlling the thermal transport properties of the moulding medium.
There have been prior proposals to use helium gas for the purpose of modifying the rate of heat transfer. For instance, U.S.S.R. Patent 369,972, published November 15, 1973 discloses a method of freezing sand moulds, presumably to bind the particles of media prior to casting, in which, in order to increase the freezing rate, the moulds are filled with a gas having a higher thermal conductivity coefficient than that of air. However, the patent was

concerned only with the cooling of moulds to temperatures below 0°C and not with casting molten metal.
Russian Patent 1,161,224 published June 15, 1985 relates to a mould with a porous core whose porosity varies from fine pores at the surface to coarse penetrating cavi¬ ties at the middle. These coarse cavities of the core can be filled with different cooling media, including helium to change both the heat storage capacity of the core and the cooling rate of the casting in contact with the core. U.S. Patent 4,749,027 issued June 7, 1987 describes the use of a film of helium between molten metal and the front face of a moving casting belt, in a continuous casting machine to produce metal strip. However the purpose of the helium is solely to produce a gaseous film between the 5 metal and the belt.
S. Engler and R. Ellerbrok, “Influence of Various Gas Atmospheres and Gas Pressures in Some Casting Charac¬ teristics in Example Alloy Al Si 12.8″, Giesserie 4_ (9) 227-230 (1977) describe the effect of argon and other ” gases present in the atmosphere surrounding molten metal in a melting furnace, in a transfer ladle and when it is being poured from the ladle into a mould. The object of this gas was to reduce the rate of cooling of the metal during melting and transfer. The article teaches that !^ reducing the pressure of any gas and replacing air by argon will achieve the objective of reducing the rate of cooling, i.e. increasing the time of solidification.
It is the object of the present invention to provide an improved moulding system with greater heat transfer through 0 the moulding media.
Summary of the Invention
According to this invention it has been discovered that by replacing air normally present in the interstitial space of a non-bonded (loose) moulding media by a gas of higher 5 thermal conductivity, such as helium, a much greater rate of cooling and solidification can be achieved.

Thus, the present invention in its broadest aspect relates to a process for forming castings comprising the steps of producing a pattern of the product to be cast in a casting box by means of a non-bonded moulding media, e.g. non-bonded particles of a heat resistant material, and pouring a charge of molten metal into the casting box to produce a casting in the shape of the pattern within the moulding media. According to the novel feature, the air normally present in the interstitial spaces of the non-bonded (loose) moulding media is replaced by a gas having a higher thermal conductivity than the air.
A preferred feature of the invention relates to a process for forming castings comprising the steps of producing a pattern of the product to be cast from a material which is gasifiable substantially without residue upon subjection to a molten casting charge and having a shape conforming to the product to be cast, surrounding the pattern in a casting box with moulding media comprising unbound particulate material and pouring a charge of molten metal into the casting box to evaporate the pattern and produce a casting in the shape of the pattern. The novel feature comprises the step of replacing air normally present in the interstitial spaces of the particulate moulding media by a gas having a higher thermal conductivity than the air.
Helium is the preferred gas because it is inert, non-toxic, non-corrosive and relatively inexpensive. Other gases with high thermal conductivities exist, notably hydrogen and neon, but the practical limitations of their use in terms of the safety of hydrogen and the cost of neon are readily evident. Mixtures of helium with other non-reactive gases of lower thermal conductivity provide advantages in certain applications where carefully selected rates of cooling, more rapid than those obtained by air, but slower than those provided by helium, are required. For these applications the required rate of

cooling is obtained by using mixtures of helium with air, or helium with nitrogen, or helium with argon, or helium with any gas which does not react with either the molten or solidified metal or the moulding media. Use of such selected mixtures present “tailor making” of the cooling and solidification rate.
In one embodiment of the invention, the interstitial areas of the particulate moulding media are simply filled with the high conductivity gas before casting is commenced. Alternatively, the mould may be filled with molten metal before introducing the high thermal conductivity gas in order to fill the mould completely under conditions of low rates of heat extraction and subsequently increasing the cooling rate by introducing the gas, such as helium, or using helium/air mixtures as described above in order to obtain intermediate rates of heat extraction.
A wide variety of particulate materials’ can be used as the moulding media, including silica sand, zircon sand, chrome-magnesite sand, steel shot, silicon carbide, alumina, aluminum granules, etc. A wide variety of metals may also be moulded by the process of this invention, including such materials as aluminum, magnesium, zinc and their alloys.
Preferred embodiments of this invention are illustrated b the following non-limiting examples. Example 1
Evaporative Foam Casting
Patterns made of expanded polystyrene were prepared (38.1 mm x 50.8 mm x 152.4 mm) and coated with a mould coating consisting of Styro-Kote 250.1 (trade mark of The Thiem Corporation) . These were packed in various moulding media (Aluminum granules -20/+80 mesh, SiC #24 grit and foundry sand) and castings were produced by pouring an Al-4.5% Cu alloy onto the pattern at 750°C. A thermo- couple was positioned at the mid-section of the casting and the cooling times were recorded under the conditions indicated in Table 1.

Table 1: Cooling times for an Al-4.5% Cu alloy cast a 750°C. Times represent seconds elapsed between the liquidus arrest and the indicated temperature.
TABLE 1
Aluminu Sand SiC
Granules
Atmosphere AIR He AIR He AIR
liq—ksolidus 330 220 420 220 345 arrest liq→400°C 580 430 760 430 635 liq—►300°C 955 720 1300 740 1105 weight of casting 703 800 659 810 659
(grams)
It can be seen that, under these conditions cooling rates in sand and helium were equivalent to those obtained in aluminum granules and helium and superior to those obtained in either aluminum granules or silicon carbide in air. The use of helium roughly doubled the rate of cooling of the parts cast in sand in an air atmosphere.
Example 2
A separate series of experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the effect of helium on the rate of heat extraction under conditions more closely approximating a conventional sand casting operation.
During these experiments the moulding media were packed around unused, empty can bodies. Metal (Al-4.5% Cu) was poured directly into the cans at 700°C and an insulating cover was placed over the mould. Temperature-time recordings were obtained in order to compare the relative cooling rates under various casting conditions.

The results obtained are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Inspection of those Tables reveals that the presence of helium had a major (enhancing) effect under all conditions examined and that introducing helium into silica sand is a very effective means of increasing the cooling rate of castings.
TABLE 2
Cooling Times (sec), Al-4.5% Cu,
Tpour = 700°C, Uncoated Mould
Mould Medium Al SAND SiC
Atmosphere AIR He AIR He AIR He
Time (Min.) , liq—k-solid 2.9 2.2 8.25 3.6 6.25 3.05 liq—*500 3.6 2.6 10.25 4.6 8.0 3.9 liq—>400 6.0 4.5 17.75 8.0 13.5 7.0 liq—>350 8 6 23.5 10.75 17.5 9.25 liq-→300 10.8 8.25 30.5 15.0 23.25 12.7
Sample Wt. 601 557 684 589 467 713
(g)
TABLE 3
Cooling Times (sec), Al-4.5% Cu, Tpour = 100°C, Coated Mould
Mould Medium Al SAND SiC
Atmosphere AIR He AIR He AIR He
Time (Min.) liq—►solid 6.4 3.3 9.25 3.3 6.5 3.5 liq —►500 – – liq →400 12.5 6.3 19 6.5 13 7.3 liq— 300 22 12 33 12 22.5 13.8
Sample Wt. 649 630 752 430 683 614
(g)
Example 3
A series of tests were carried out using the evaporativ foam pattern casting technique with various different moulding media.
TABLE 4
MATERIALS TESTED
Name Descr iption Type
Foundry Sand AFS No. 26 Non-bonded, porous non-metallic
Tabular AI2O3 14 x 28 Mesh Non-bonded, porous Supplied by Kaiser non-metallic Corporation, Pleasantown, CA, USA
Tabular AI2O3 Same as above, but Bonded, non-porous Bonded bonded with 5% w/w non-metallic
Sodium Silicate
Sodium
(40-42% Be; set with CO2
Silicon Carbide: Non-bonded, porous 80 x 200 Mesh Mixture of 4 parts non-metallic part 200 Mesh
Supplied by White
Abrasives Inc.
Niagara Falls, ON, Canada
36 x 54 RA Supplied by Canadian Carborundum Niagara Falls, ON, Canada
Aluminum Granules NMI AA1100 Al powder Non-bonded
25 x 40 Mesh porous, metallic
Supplied by Nuclear
Metal INc. Concord MA, USA
AMPAL AMPAL 603
Supplied by Atomized Metal Powders Inc. Flemington, NJ USA
TOYAL Grade 5600 Al Powder Supplied by Alcan Toyo America Inc. , Joliette, IL

TABLE 4 cont.
J & M 20×80 Mesh Al Powder
Supplied by Johnson & Mathey Limited 110 Industry Street
Toronto, ON M6M 4M1 Cylindrical expanded polystyrene patterns (Density =
22.5 Kg/m ) measuring 38.1 mm in diameter by 152 mm in length were obtained from Lost Foam Technologies, Sheboygan
Falls, Wisconsin. The weight of metal required to fill these patterns was 0.5 Kg.
Coated patterns were prepared by dipping into a coating slurry of Styro-Kote 250.1 whose specific gravity had been adjusted to 1.56 in order to provide a coating thickness of 0.2 mm. Following dipping, the patterns were either air dried overnight or dried in a microwave oven.
Prior to packing the pattern in the moulding media, a thermocouple was inserted at the midpoint along the length to the depth of the center line of the cylinder. The patter was then inserted into a flask and the latter filled with the moulding media while vibrating the whole assembly. In order to prevent heat losses through the bottom of the flas an insulating layer (either 2.7 mm of fiber-board or 2 layers of Fiber-Frax* paper) was placed at the bottom of th flask. For tests in which the gas phase was varied, a perforated stainless steel gas distributor was placed in th bottom of the flask and connected to the gas supply and use to purge the particle bed prior to casting. For the purge 2.7 SLPM of helium was injected for 2-3 minutes. Immediate before casting, the gas flow was reduced to about 0.3 SLPM order to maintain the gas atmosphere during cooling.
Samples were cast of a binary Al-4.5% Cu alloy at a pouring temperature of 700°C and the temperature was monitored using a strip chart recorder. This alloy was chosen because it exhibits a well defined eutectic arrest a 548°C which allows easy recognition of the solidification time. When casting at 700°C, the metal reaching the thermo couple was already at the liquidus temperature and the
♦Trade Mark of Carborundum Corporation

cooling rates were calculated by dividing the liquidus to eutectic arrest temperature range (100°C) by the time elapsed between pouring and the time of the end of eutectic arrest.
(a) Results were recorded for solidification rates when air was replaced by helium on evaporative foam patterns without a coating. These results are shown in Table 5 and the rate of solidification was higher when helium was present.
(b) Another experiment was carried out in which air was replaced by helium on evaporative foam patterns with a coating. These results are shown in Table 6 and these again show that the rate of solidification was higher when helium was present.
(c) Another test was run to show the solidification rate with static air and flowing argon, both of which have lower thermal conductivities than helium. The results of this test are shown in Table 7 and it will be seen that the solidification rates observed in both air and argon were substantially lower than those observed when using helium. (d) Another test was conducted where a larger evapora¬ tive foam pattern casting was formed using 8 kg of metal. The results are shown in Table 8 and the same improvement in solidification rate and subsequent cooling to 445°C and 395°C was obtained when helium was substituted for air.

TABLE 5
SOLIDIFICATION RATES IN AIR AND HELIUM, NO COATING ON PATTERN
SOLIDIFICATION RATE °C/Sec (Standard Deviation)
Int Air In He He/Air Ratio
Foundry Sand 0.34 (0.02) 0.74 (0.06) 2.2
Al Granules
NMI 0.80 (0.06) 1.24 (0.08) 1.6
J&M 0.71 (0.03) 1.10 (0.05) 1.5
AMPAL 0.83 (0.04) 1.29 (0.04) 1.6
TOYAL 0.58 (0.07) 0.99 (0.09) 1.7
TABULAR A1203 0.42 (0.01) 0.98 (0.03) 2.3
Silicon Carbide
80X200 Mesh 0.56 (0.01) 0.96 (0.04) 1.7
36X54 RA 0.43 (0.03) 1.02 (0.10) 2.4
TABLE 6
SOLIDIFICATION RATES IN AIR AND HELIUM COATED PATTERNS
SOLIDIFICATION RATE °C/Sec (Standard Deviation)

Foundry Sand 0.35 (0.02) 0.59 (0.02) 1.7
Al Granules
NMI 0.49 (0.02) 0.90 (0.07) 1.8
J&M 0.51 (0.03) 0.84 (0.05) 1.6
TOYAL 0.45 (0.04) 0.72 (0.07) 1.6
Silicon Carbide
36X54 RA 0.36 (0.01) 0.71 (0.03) 2.0
80X200 Mesh 0.41 (0.01) 0.64 (0.01) 1.6
TABULAR A1203 0.36 (0.01) 0.75 (0.04) 2.1

TABLE 7
INFLUENCE OF HELIUM AND ARGON ON THE SOLIDIFICATION RATES MEASURED IN AS RECEIVED TOYAL ALUMINIUM GRANULES
Solidification Rate °C/Sec. {Sf
Air1* Helium2* Argon2*
0.58 (0.07) 0.99 (0.09) 0.50 (0.06)
1 Static
2 Flowing, 0.35 SLPM
Thermal Conductivities at 300°K 1000°K *Air 0.026 W/m°K 0.067 W/m°K *Helium 0.151 W/m°K 0.354 W/m°K *Argon 0.018 W/m°K 0.044 W/m°K
TABLE 8
COOLING TIMES AS A FUNCTION OF MOULDING MEDIUM AND ATMOSPHER
FOR LARGE (8 Kg) CASTING
Time from pouring to: (min.)
Moulding Gas Eutectic 445°C 395°C medium Arrest
Foundry Sand Air 16 38 60 Foundry Sand He 7 15.5 22. Al Granules AIR 9 20.5 32 TABULAR A1203 He 7.25 13.25 18

From the above Examples, it will be seen that the rate o solidification and cooling during the evaporative foam process can be significantly increased by the use of high conductivity/heat capacity moulding media. The performance of these media is ultimately limited by the thermal resist¬ ance present at particle contact points. The use of a highl conductive gas such as helium increases the solidification and cooling rates substantially. For instance, the use of helium with silica sand was even more effective at increasin the solification rate than the best aluminum granules tested” in air. The refractory pattern coatings conventionally used in the evaporative foam process presents a barrier to heat flow that is significant when helium on high conductivity moulding media are used. Optimum results, in terms of solidification rates, were obtained by combining helium with highly conductive media.
The most effective approach was found to be in the use o helium in combination with the conventional evaporative foam process. Although the use of alternative media could, in principle, lead to further increases in solidification rates it is evident that in order to achieve rates superior to those attainable with helium and sand, highly conductive pattern coatings or coating-free process are required.
While the above detailed description relates primarily t the evaporative foam process, it will be appreciated by thos skilled in the art that the invention has much broader application to other moulding processes, such as green sand moulding, shell moulding, investment moulding, sand cores, etc.

Claims (9)

Ciaims :

1. In a process for forming castings comprising the steps of producing a pattern of the product to be cast in a casting box by means of non-bonded moulding media and pouring a charge of molten metal into the casting box to produce a casting in the shape of the pattern within the moulding media, the improvement comprising the step of replacing air normally present in the interstitial spaces of the moulding media by a gas having a higher thermal conductivity than air.

2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the non-bonded moulding media comprises loose particles of a heat resistant material.

3. A process according to claim 2 wherein the gas is helium.

4. A process according to claim 2 wherein the gas is a mixture of helium with air, nitrogen or a non-reactive gas.

5. A process according to claim 3 wherein the metal being cast is aluminum or an alloy thereof.

6. In a process for forming castings comprising the steps of producing a pattern of the product to be cast from a material which is gasifiable substantially without residue upon subjection to a molten casting charge and having a shape conforming to the product to be cast, surrounding the pattern in a casting box with a moulding material comprising unbound particulate material and pouring a charge of molten metal into a casting box to evaporate the pattern and produce a casting in the shape of the pattern, the improvement comprising the step of replacing air normally present in the interstitial spaces of the particulate moulding media by a gas having a higher thermal conductivity than air.

7. A process according to claim 6 wherein the gas is helium.

8. A process according to claim 6 wherein the gas is a mixture of helium with air, nitrogen or a non-reactive gas.

9. A process according to claim 7 wherein the metal being cast is aluminum or an alloy thereof.

AU54211/90A
1989-05-01
1990-04-12
Shape casting in mouldable media

Ceased

AU633077B2
(en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title

CA598137

1989-05-01

CA000598137A

CA1328554C
(en)

1989-05-01
1989-05-01
Shape casting in mouldable media

Publications (2)

Publication Number
Publication Date

AU5421190A
true

AU5421190A
(en)

1990-11-29

AU633077B2

AU633077B2
(en)

1993-01-21

Family
ID=4139977
Family Applications (1)

Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date

AU54211/90A
Ceased

AU633077B2
(en)

1989-05-01
1990-04-12
Shape casting in mouldable media

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EP
(1)

EP0470968B1
(en)

JP
(1)

JPH04507064A
(en)

KR
(1)

KR920700803A
(en)

CN
(1)

CN1047233A
(en)

AU
(1)

AU633077B2
(en)

BR
(1)

BR9007342A
(en)

CA
(1)

CA1328554C
(en)

CS
(1)

CS215590A3
(en)

DD
(1)

DD293971A5
(en)

ES
(1)

ES2041531T3
(en)

PL
(1)

PL285017A1
(en)

WO
(1)

WO1990013374A1
(en)

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Publication date
Assignee
Title

CN1044097C
(en)

1993-09-30
1999-07-14
上海卡拿翰五金电器有限公司
Casting technology for polyphenylacetylene foaming-type vanishing die and sand box thereof

DE19929290A1
(en)

1999-06-25
2000-12-28
Volkswagen Ag

Process for the production of magnesium-containing metal castings

CN102554120B
(en)

2012-03-02
2013-12-11
丽水市实达机械制造有限公司
Process for preparing plastic foam pattern for lost foam casting

JP5595446B2
(en)

2012-06-06
2014-09-24
株式会社日本製鋼所

Mold equipment for metal injection molding machine

US20160158836A1
(en)

2014-12-06
2016-06-09
Soliden, LLC
Casting device and associated method for investment casting with improved mechanical
properties

US20160158837A1
(en)

2014-12-06
2016-06-09
Soliden, LLC
Sand casting device and associated method with improved mechanical properties

US20160158838A1
(en)

2014-12-06
2016-06-09
Soliden, LLC
Casting device and associated method for lost foam casting with improved mechanical properties

CN107891122B
(en)

2017-12-12
2020-08-25
中国兵器工业第五九研究所
Method for controlling solidification defect of aluminum alloy precision casting

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(en)

1971-12-29
1973-02-15

WAY OF FREEZING SANDY FOR / L

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(en)

1979-06-05
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Foundry Management, Inc.
Foundry process including heat treating of produced castings in formation sand

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1983-09-02
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Mould

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(en)

1987-04-27
1988-02-16
Ford Motor Company
Degating technique for clustered castings made by ECP

1989

1989-05-01
CA
CA000598137A
patent/CA1328554C/en
not_active
Expired – Fee Related

1990

1990-04-12
WO
PCT/CA1990/000121
patent/WO1990013374A1/en
active
IP Right Grant

1990-04-12
JP
JP2505914A
patent/JPH04507064A/en
active
Pending

1990-04-12
ES
ES199090906083T
patent/ES2041531T3/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1990-04-12
AU
AU54211/90A
patent/AU633077B2/en
not_active
Ceased

1990-04-12
EP
EP90906083A
patent/EP0470968B1/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1990-04-12
BR
BR909007342A
patent/BR9007342A/en
not_active
Application Discontinuation

1990-04-27
DD
DD90340199A
patent/DD293971A5/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation

1990-04-28
CS
CS902155A
patent/CS215590A3/en
unknown

1990-04-30
PL
PL28501790A
patent/PL285017A1/en
unknown

1990-05-01
CN
CN90104120A
patent/CN1047233A/en
active
Pending

1991

1991-11-01
KR
KR1019910701517A
patent/KR920700803A/en
not_active
Application Discontinuation

Also Published As

Publication number
Publication date

DD293971A5
(en)

1991-09-19

ES2041531T3
(en)

1993-11-16

BR9007342A
(en)

1992-03-24

WO1990013374A1
(en)

1990-11-15

PL285017A1
(en)

1991-01-14

CA1328554C
(en)

1994-04-19

JPH04507064A
(en)

1992-12-10

KR920700803A
(en)

1992-08-10

EP0470968B1
(en)

1993-06-02

CN1047233A
(en)

1990-11-28

EP0470968A1
(en)

1992-02-19

AU633077B2
(en)

1993-01-21

CS215590A3
(en)

1992-03-18

Información de contacto