AU571141B2 – Oxidative conversion of methane to ethylene and ethane
– Google Patents
AU571141B2 – Oxidative conversion of methane to ethylene and ethane
– Google Patents
Oxidative conversion of methane to ethylene and ethane
Info
Publication number
AU571141B2
AU571141B2
AU57548/86A
AU5754886A
AU571141B2
AU 571141 B2
AU571141 B2
AU 571141B2
AU 57548/86 A
AU57548/86 A
AU 57548/86A
AU 5754886 A
AU5754886 A
AU 5754886A
AU 571141 B2
AU571141 B2
AU 571141B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
methane
ethylene
ethane
conversion
contact material
Prior art date
1985-06-07
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
AU57548/86A
Other versions
AU5754886A
(en
Inventor
James Bailey Kimble
John Henry Kolts
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phillips Petroleum Co
Original Assignee
Phillips Petroleum Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1985-06-07
Filing date
1986-05-19
Publication date
1988-03-31
1986-05-19
Application filed by Phillips Petroleum Co
filed
Critical
Phillips Petroleum Co
1986-12-11
Publication of AU5754886A
publication
Critical
patent/AU5754886A/en
1988-03-31
Application granted
granted
Critical
1988-03-31
Publication of AU571141B2
publication
Critical
patent/AU571141B2/en
2006-05-19
Anticipated expiration
legal-status
Critical
Status
Ceased
legal-status
Critical
Current
Links
Espacenet
Global Dossier
Discuss
VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
methane
Chemical compound
C
VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
title
abstract
10
238000006243
chemical reaction
Methods
0.000
title
abstract
5
VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Ethene
Chemical compound
C=C
VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
title
abstract
4
239000005977
Ethylene
Substances
0.000
title
abstract
4
OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Ethane
Chemical compound
CC
OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
title
abstract
3
230000001590
oxidative effect
Effects
0.000
title
abstract
3
239000000463
material
Substances
0.000
abstract
4
QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Zirconium
Chemical compound
[Zr]
QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
abstract
2
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N
atomic oxygen
Chemical compound
[O]
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
abstract
2
229930195733
hydrocarbon
Natural products
0.000
abstract
2
150000002430
hydrocarbons
Chemical class
0.000
abstract
2
229910052751
metal
Inorganic materials
0.000
abstract
2
239000002184
metal
Substances
0.000
abstract
2
238000000034
method
Methods
0.000
abstract
2
-1
natural gas
Chemical compound
0.000
abstract
2
229910052760
oxygen
Inorganic materials
0.000
abstract
2
239000001301
oxygen
Substances
0.000
abstract
2
229910052726
zirconium
Inorganic materials
0.000
abstract
2
ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chlorine atom
Chemical compound
[Cl]
ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
abstract
1
NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Sulfur
Chemical compound
[S]
NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
abstract
1
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Zinc
Chemical compound
[Zn]
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
abstract
1
229910052797
bismuth
Inorganic materials
0.000
abstract
1
JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N
bismuth atom
Chemical compound
[Bi]
JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
abstract
1
239000000460
chlorine
Substances
0.000
abstract
1
229910052801
chlorine
Inorganic materials
0.000
abstract
1
229910017052
cobalt
Inorganic materials
0.000
abstract
1
239000010941
cobalt
Substances
0.000
abstract
1
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
cobalt atom
Chemical compound
[Co]
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
abstract
1
239000007789
gas
Substances
0.000
abstract
1
BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet)
Chemical compound
[PH]
BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
abstract
1
229910052738
indium
Inorganic materials
0.000
abstract
1
APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
indium atom
Chemical compound
[In]
APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
abstract
1
239000003345
natural gas
Substances
0.000
abstract
1
229910052758
niobium
Inorganic materials
0.000
abstract
1
239000010955
niobium
Substances
0.000
abstract
1
GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
niobium atom
Chemical compound
[Nb]
GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
abstract
1
239000007787
solid
Substances
0.000
abstract
1
229910052717
sulfur
Inorganic materials
0.000
abstract
1
239000011593
sulfur
Substances
0.000
abstract
1
229910052725
zinc
Inorganic materials
0.000
abstract
1
239000011701
zinc
Substances
0.000
abstract
1
Classifications
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
C07C2/76—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen
C07C2/82—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen oxidative coupling
C07C2/84—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen oxidative coupling catalytic
B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
B01J27/1853—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals with iron, cobalt or nickel
B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
B01J27/195—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with vanadium, niobium or tantalum
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
C07C2521/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
C07C2523/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
C07C2523/04—Alkali metals
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
C07C2523/06—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of zinc, cadmium or mercury
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
C07C2523/08—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of gallium, indium or thallium
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
C07C2523/14—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of germanium, tin or lead
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
C07C2523/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
C07C2523/18—Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
C07C2523/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
C07C2523/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
C07C2523/75—Cobalt
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
C07C2527/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
C07C2527/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
Y10S585/929—Special chemical considerations
Y10S585/943—Synthesis from methane or inorganic carbon source, e.g. coal
Abstract
A method for the oxidative conversion of a feed material comprising methane, such as natural gas, to higher hydrocarbons, particularly ethylene and ethane and desirably ethylene, in which feed is contacted with a solid contact material comprising cobalt; at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium, zinc, niobium, indium, lead and bismuth, preferably, zirconium; phosphorous; at least one Group IA metal; and oxygen under oxidative conversion conditions sufficient to convert the methane to the higher hydrocarbons. Substantial improvement in the conversion of methane and selectivity to ethylene and ethane is obtained by adding chlorine to the contact material. The further addition of sulfur to the contact material also improves the conversion and selectivity and permits the method to be carried out in an essentially continuous manner in the presence of a free oxygen containing gas.
AU57548/86A
1985-06-07
1986-05-19
Oxidative conversion of methane to ethylene and ethane
Ceased
AU571141B2
(en)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title
US06/742,339
US4620057A
(en)
1985-06-07
1985-06-07
Methane conversion
US742339
1985-06-07
Publications (2)
Publication Number
Publication Date
AU5754886A
AU5754886A
(en)
1986-12-11
AU571141B2
true
AU571141B2
(en)
1988-03-31
Family
ID=24984440
Family Applications (1)
Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date
AU57548/86A
Ceased
AU571141B2
(en)
1985-06-07
1986-05-19
Oxidative conversion of methane to ethylene and ethane
Country Status (12)
Country
Link
US
(1)
US4620057A
(en)
EP
(1)
EP0205117B1
(en)
JP
(1)
JPH0618790B2
(en)
CN
(1)
CN1006784B
(en)
AT
(1)
ATE46140T1
(en)
AU
(1)
AU571141B2
(en)
CA
(1)
CA1247143A
(en)
DE
(1)
DE3665448D1
(en)
MX
(1)
MX164849B
(en)
MY
(1)
MY101157A
(en)
NO
(1)
NO862267L
(en)
NZ
(1)
NZ216034A
(en)
Cited By (1)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
AU614457B2
(en)
*
1985-03-19
1991-08-29
Phillips Petroleum Company
Method of oxidative conversion of feed organic compounds
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
CA1250317A
(en)
*
1984-04-16
1989-02-21
C. Andrew Jones
Methane conversion
US4994598A
(en)
*
1985-03-19
1991-02-19
Phillips Petroleum Company
Oxidative conversion of organic compounds
US5157188A
(en)
*
1985-03-19
1992-10-20
Phillips Petroleum Company
Methane conversion
US4950836A
(en)
*
1985-06-07
1990-08-21
Phillips Petroleum Company
Oxidative methylation of organic compounds
US4982038A
(en)
*
1985-03-19
1991-01-01
Phillips Petroleum Company
Oxidative methylation of organic compounds
US4925997A
(en)
*
1985-03-19
1990-05-15
Phillips Petroleum Company
Oxidative conversion of organic compounds, toluene and acetonitrile
DE3534530A1
(en)
*
1985-09-27
1987-04-09
Manfred Prof Dr Baerns
Continuous process for the oxidative coupling of methane to C2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of catalysts
GB8600260D0
(en)
*
1986-01-07
1986-02-12
British Petroleum Co Plc
Chemical process
JPS62238220A
(en)
*
1986-04-05
1987-10-19
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Production of hydrocarbon
US5012028A
(en)
*
1986-07-11
1991-04-30
The Standard Oil Company
Process for upgrading light hydrocarbons using oxidative coupling and pyrolysis
US4769507A
(en)
*
1987-03-30
1988-09-06
National Distillers And Chemical Corporation
Process for making higher hydrocarbons from methane
US4886931A
(en)
*
1987-06-04
1989-12-12
The Standard Oil Company
Upgrading low molecular weight hydrocarbons
US4795842A
(en)
*
1987-08-04
1989-01-03
Atlantic Richfield Company
Methane conversion process
US4973786A
(en)
*
1987-10-19
1990-11-27
Karra Sankaram B
Process for the pyrolytic oxidation of methane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and synthesis gas
US4864074A
(en)
*
1988-05-03
1989-09-05
Mobil Oil Corporation
Process for converting methane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons via sulfur-containing intermediates
US4864073A
(en)
*
1988-05-03
1989-09-05
Mobil Oil Corporation
Processes for converting methane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons via sulfur-containing intermediates
JPH0639403B2
(en)
*
1990-03-31
1994-05-25
工業技術院長
Hydrocarbon production method
GB2252104A
(en)
*
1991-01-28
1992-07-29
British Gas Plc
Hydrocarbon conversion
KR0156272B1
(en)
*
1993-12-31
1998-12-01
강박광
Catalyst for conversion of methane to ethylene preparation thereof and process for manufacturing ethylene using said catalyst
CN102271672B
(en)
2008-11-19
2015-02-04
梅里亚有限公司
Compositions comprising an aryl pyrazole and/or a formamidine, methods and uses thereof
US8912381B2
(en)
*
2009-06-29
2014-12-16
Fina Technology, Inc.
Process for the oxidative coupling of methane
US8450546B2
(en)
*
2009-06-29
2013-05-28
Fina Technology, Inc.
Process for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons
EP2734491B1
(en)
*
2011-07-18
2015-09-16
North Western University
Forming ethylene
CA2855954C
(en)
2011-11-17
2020-09-01
Merial Limited
Compositions comprising an aryl pyrazole and a substituted imidazole, methods and uses thereof.
WO2016134305A1
(en)
*
2015-02-19
2016-08-25
Northwestern University
Sulfur as a selective oxidant in oxidative hydrocarbon processing over oxide/chalcogenide catalysts
WO2018148145A1
(en)
2017-02-07
2018-08-16
Sabic Global Technologies, B.V.
A process for catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene in the presence of chlorine intermediates
Citations (3)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
AU5292586A
(en)
*
1985-02-04
1986-08-07
Akzo N.V.
Oxidative coupling of methane to give ethane and ethylene
AU5446786A
(en)
*
1985-03-11
1986-09-18
Akzo N.V.
Process for the production of ethylene/ethane mixtures
AU5435186A
(en)
*
1985-03-19
1986-09-25
Phillips Petroleum Company
Methane conversion
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Title
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(en)
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1925-09-17
1932-06-14
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Manufacture of liquid hydrocarbons
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Phillips Petroleum Company
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(en)
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Phillips Petroleum Company
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(en)
*
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1984-08-14
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Atlantic Richfield Company
Methane conversion
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Atlantic Richfield Company
Methane conversion
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*
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Atlantic Richfield Company
Methane conversion
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Atlantic Richfield Company
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Atlantic Richfield Company
Methane conversion
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(en)
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1984-04-17
Atlantic Richfield Company
Methane conversion
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(en)
*
1982-08-30
1984-04-17
Atlantic Richfield Company
Methane conversion
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(en)
*
1984-04-16
1985-06-11
Atlantic Richfield Company
Methane conversion process
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(en)
*
1982-10-07
1984-04-12
Manfred Prof. Dr. 4630 Bochum Baerns
METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANE AND OR OR ETHYLENE FROM METHANE
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(en)
*
1983-03-04
1984-05-22
The Standard Oil Company
Conversion of methane to olefins and hydrogen
US4497971A
(en)
*
1983-11-16
1985-02-05
Phillips Petroleum Company
Oxidative dehydrogenation and cracking of paraffins with a promoted cobalt catalyst
US4523050A
(en)
*
1984-04-16
1985-06-11
Atlantic Richfield Company
Methane conversion process
US4544785A
(en)
*
1984-04-16
1985-10-01
Atlantic Richfield Company
Methane conversion
1985
1985-06-07
US
US06/742,339
patent/US4620057A/en
not_active
Expired – Fee Related
1986
1986-04-28
CA
CA000507766A
patent/CA1247143A/en
not_active
Expired
1986-04-29
CN
CN86102908A
patent/CN1006784B/en
not_active
Expired
1986-05-02
NZ
NZ216034A
patent/NZ216034A/en
unknown
1986-05-19
AU
AU57548/86A
patent/AU571141B2/en
not_active
Ceased
1986-05-21
MX
MX2569A
patent/MX164849B/en
unknown
1986-06-02
JP
JP61125972A
patent/JPH0618790B2/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime
1986-06-05
EP
EP86107683A
patent/EP0205117B1/en
not_active
Expired
1986-06-05
AT
AT86107683T
patent/ATE46140T1/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation
1986-06-05
DE
DE8686107683T
patent/DE3665448D1/en
not_active
Expired
1986-06-06
NO
NO862267A
patent/NO862267L/en
unknown
1987
1987-03-06
MY
MYPI87000246A
patent/MY101157A/en
unknown
Patent Citations (3)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
AU5292586A
(en)
*
1985-02-04
1986-08-07
Akzo N.V.
Oxidative coupling of methane to give ethane and ethylene
AU5446786A
(en)
*
1985-03-11
1986-09-18
Akzo N.V.
Process for the production of ethylene/ethane mixtures
AU5435186A
(en)
*
1985-03-19
1986-09-25
Phillips Petroleum Company
Methane conversion
Cited By (1)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
AU614457B2
(en)
*
1985-03-19
1991-08-29
Phillips Petroleum Company
Method of oxidative conversion of feed organic compounds
Also Published As
Publication number
Publication date
EP0205117A1
(en)
1986-12-17
CN1006784B
(en)
1990-02-14
EP0205117B1
(en)
1989-09-06
AU5754886A
(en)
1986-12-11
CA1247143A
(en)
1988-12-20
NO862267D0
(en)
1986-06-06
JPH0618790B2
(en)
1994-03-16
NO862267L
(en)
1986-12-08
CN86102908A
(en)
1986-12-03
US4620057A
(en)
1986-10-28
NZ216034A
(en)
1989-07-27
MY101157A
(en)
1991-07-31
MX164849B
(en)
1992-09-29
JPS61282323A
(en)
1986-12-12
DE3665448D1
(en)
1989-10-12
ATE46140T1
(en)
1989-09-15
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