AU593304B2 - Creation of Inventions and Patents with Artificial Intelligence

AU593304B2 – Container shaped in such manner as to be unoverturnable for receiving a liquid
– Google Patents

AU593304B2 – Container shaped in such manner as to be unoverturnable for receiving a liquid
– Google Patents
Container shaped in such manner as to be unoverturnable for receiving a liquid

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Info

Publication number
AU593304B2

AU593304B2
AU65597/86A
AU6559786A
AU593304B2
AU 593304 B2
AU593304 B2
AU 593304B2
AU 65597/86 A
AU65597/86 A
AU 65597/86A
AU 6559786 A
AU6559786 A
AU 6559786A
AU 593304 B2
AU593304 B2
AU 593304B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
container
neck
liquid
planar
portions
Prior art date
1985-11-26
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Ceased

Application number
AU65597/86A
Other versions

AU6559786A
(en

Inventor
Michel Guiffray
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Individual

Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1985-11-26
Filing date
1986-11-24
Publication date
1990-02-08

1986-11-24
Application filed by Individual
filed
Critical
Individual

1987-05-28
Publication of AU6559786A
publication
Critical
patent/AU6559786A/en

1990-02-08
Application granted
granted
Critical

1990-02-08
Publication of AU593304B2
publication
Critical
patent/AU593304B2/en

2006-11-24
Anticipated expiration
legal-status
Critical

Status
Ceased
legal-status
Critical
Current

Links

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Global Dossier

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Classifications

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL

B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES

B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material

B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL

B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents

B65D1/0223—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL

B65D37/00—Portable flexible containers not otherwise provided for

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL

B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece

B65D2501/0009—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures designed for pouring contents

B65D2501/0081—Bottles of non-circular cross-section

Abstract

A container of plastics material or other material for receiving a liquid formed by an extrusion-blowing process or by any other conventional process, comprising a neck (1) in which is formed an opening for expelling the liquid. The container comprises two sides each formed by a planar bearing portion (2A, 3A) and by a rounded portion (2B, 3B) connected to the planar portion and to the neck (1), the two planar portions forming a dihedron, and the two aforementioned bearing portions being interconnected by curved lateral portions (5). This arrangement renders the container unoverturnable, whatever be the position in which the container is placed on a support plane, and imparts thereto a maximum volume for a given amount of plastics material used in its manufacture.

Description

2 i L *k COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA PATENT ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (Origina l 0 4 FOR OFFICE US C Class Int. Class Application Number: Lodged: 6- 57/1Pd Complete Specification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority: Related Art: 0 This document contains the amendments made under Section 49 and is correct for printing.
t Name of Applicant: Address of Applicant: MICHEL GUIFFRAY 136, rue Vulfran Warm6, 8000 Amiens, France.
Actual Inventor(s) Michel GUIFFRAY
I
Address for Service: DAVIES COLLISON, Patent Attorneys, 1 Little Collins Street, Melbourne, 3000.
Complete Specification for the invention entitled: “CONTAINER SHAPED IN SUCH MANNER AS TO BE UNOVERTURNABLE FOR RECEIVING A LIQUID” The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me ‘h -1-
A
la 1 2 CONTAINER SHAPED IN SUCH MANNER AS TO BE 3 UNOVERTURNABLE FOR RECEIVING A LIQUID 4 The present invention relates to a container of 6 plastics material or other material (for example glass) for 7 receiving a liquid, of the kind comprising a neck in which 8 is provided an opening for expelling the liquid, two sides 9 each formed by a planar bearing portion and by a rounded portion connected to the planar portion and to the neck, the 11 two planar portions forming a dihedron.
12 13 French patent application 83 01 359 discloses a 14 container of this type adapted to receive liquids such as cleaning or maintenance products, chemical products, etc., 16 which has two planar bearing sides forming a dihedron whose 17 angle is less than 900 when the container is filled with 18 liquid, these two planar sides being connected by a neck at S* 19 the end of which is formed an opening for expelling the 20 liquid.
St 21 22 The cost price of this container is considerably 23 reduced owing to the simplification of its structure with 24 respect to prior containers and, moreover, this container has the advantage of being unoverturnable, i.e. whatever the 26 position in which it is placed on a horizontal planar 27 surface, it necessarily rests on one of the planar sides of 28 the dihedron with the liquid outlet opening facing upwardly.
29 Thus, the liquid cannot accidentally flow out of the container after the neck has been opened.
31 32 An object of the present invention is to improve a 33 container of this type by increasing its 34 36 3 7 91115,gcpdat.007.65597.dw 1
LET
7 1 1 .1 2 1 volume for a given quantity of raw material used in its 2 manufacture.
3 The container of the invention, preferably formed by an 4 extrusion-blowing process or by any other conventional process, comprises a neck in which a liquid expelling 6 opening is formed.
7 According to the invention, the rounded portions are 8 connected to the neck by a planar surface perpendicular to a 9 longitudinal symmetry axis of the container, and said sides are joined together by rounded lateral portions.
11 As the two planar portions are so dimensioned as to act 12 as surfaces by which the container bears on a horizontal 13 plane, the container can only assume one stable position on 14 one of its two bearing sides, irrespective of the position in which it is placed on said horizontal plane. Further, 16 the volume available for the liquid is distinctly greater 17 than that of the aforementioned prior container owing to the 18 provision of the rounded portions, which are for example V 19 spherical, for a given quantity of raw material which is substantially the same.
21 Further, the overall size of the container according to -a 22 the invention is smaller relative to the container of the 23 French patent application 83 01 359, and therefore affords 24 improved storing facilities.
Further features and advantages of the invention will 26 be apparent from the following description with 27 28 29 31 32 33 34 36 S L 9l1019. ldat.00 .W.l11.4I 3
S.
1 s reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of non-limiting examples, several embodiments thereof. In the drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the container according to the invention Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on the axis of the neck of the container of Fig. 1 Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the container of Figs. 1 and 2 Figs. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views similar to Fig. 2 of two other embodiments of the container according to the invention Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are views similar to Fig. 2 of a fourth embodiment of the container, shown in several different positions on a horizontal plane Fig. 9 is a perspective view and Figs. 9A and 9B are partial elevational views respectively in two perpendicular planes, of a first embodiment of the neck of a container and of its closure Figs. 10, 10A and 10B are views similar to Figs. 9A and 9B of a first variant of the construction of the neck and its closure Fig. 11 is an elevational view of a second variant of the neck of Fig. 9A, and Fig. 12 is a side elevational view of a third simplified variant of the construction of the neck of Fig.9B.
The container shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is made from a suitable material,’such as a plastics material, a complex -4material, glass, and is adapted to receive a liquid such as for example a domestic cleaning or maintenance product.
This container, which is formed by an extrusionblowing process or by any other conventional process, comprises a neck 1 in which is formed an opening through which the liquid is expelled, and two sides 2, 3 each formed by a planar bearing portion 2A, 3A respectively and by a rounded portion, for example a spherical portion, 10 2B, 3B, respectively connected, on one hand, to the cor- S*4e a Sresponding planar portion 2A, 3A and, on the other hand, to the neck 1 through a planar portion 4, the two planar portions 2A, 3A forming a dihedron whose angle is less than 90* in the presently-described embodiment.
|o 15 The section of the container in a plane perpendicular to the planar portions 2A, 3A, i.e. in the plane of Fig.2, is inscribed, in the embodiment of Figs. 1 to 3, within rI a diamond L, having angles A, B, C, D, the neck 1 however extending slightly beyond this diamond sothat its edges intersect the extensions of the sides of said diamond Sbeyond the angle A. In a modification, the neck 1 may of course be either completely inscribed within the diamond L or extend further outside the diamond than shown in Fig. 2.
Thus, in a plane perpendicular to the planar portions 2A, 3A, rce bottle or container has, from the top of the Sneck 1 to the apex S of the dihedron 2A, 3A, two contours r -~eiY’ 5 0, *e 0 000 0000 *r 00 *0 0 *a 00 0 0 0 which are symmetrical relative to the large diagonal D joining the apices A and B of the diamond L, on which is preferably moreover located the centre of curvature 0 of the spherical portions 2B and 3B. In other words, the large diagonal D of the diamond L constitutes, Ln section, the axis of symmetry of the two halves of the container. Thus, the bottom 2A, 2B of which the apex S is preferably rounded, is inscribed within one of the angles of the ‘diamond while the neck 1 is placed in the 10 opposite angle (or slightly beyond this angle).
Irrespective of the level of the liquid it contains, the bottle or container always has its centre of gravity offset toward the bottom 2A or 3A on which it bears, to the rear of the verticals E F or G H (Fig. 2) drawn from points of contact F (or G) of the rounded portion 3B (or 2B) with the planar surface adjacent 3A (or 2A) on which it is placed. In this way, irrespective of the manner in which the container is placed on thesurface, it is always constrained, under the effect of its own weight and under the effect of the mass of liquid it contains, to stabilize itself on one of its planar portions 2A or 3A after having tipped on its truncated rounded portions 3B or 2B. In its stabilized position, the container always maintains the opening of its neck 1 above the level of the liquid it contains so that the latter cannot flow out of the container merely under the effect of gravity.
IL
*1 6- The two arcs of a circle GE and FH of a section of the container in the plane of Fig. 2 are inscribed within the diamond L and have for common centre 0 which is the point of intersection of the two diagonals AB and CD bf the container. These arcs of a circle GE and FH interconnect in pairs the opposite sides of the angles in which are respectively inscribed the bottom 2A, 3A and the neck 1 of the bottle or container. The planar portion 4 perpendicularly intersects the diagonal AB and 4o 10 is connected to the rounded portions 2B, 3B by the points E and H.
SAs a variant, the arcs of a circle GE and FH may be replaced by non-circular curves, whose function of course remains identical. Likewise, the geometry of the neck 1 S 15 may greatly vary.
There may also be provided, instead of a rounded apex S connecting the planar portions 2A, 3A, a truncation of the latter in a segment NM (Fig. The planar portions 2A, 3A may also be replaced by a conical structure which may be provided with facets or flat surfaces.
According to a feature of the invention, the two portions 2A. 2B, and 3A, 3B are interconnected by rounded lateral portions 5 (Fig. Thus the container cannot ,be placed on one of its edges or lateral sides 5 and is on the contrary made to position itself on one of the two bearing surfaces 2A, 2B, or 3A, 3B if it is placed on one of the surfaces 5. c r S connectingr ?l-7 the plnar por ion 2A Aatr 7- Apart from the aformentioned features, the container may have various other forms; however, the end S of the 4 bottom, which is preferably rounded or possibly truncated at NM, must be located as close as possible to the apex of the adjacent angle of the diamond L.
The second embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4 differs from the preceding embodiment in that the container 6 is here inscribed in section within a square D’, 0 and the neck 7, whose end extends slightly beyond the 10 upper angle of this square, is distinctly shorter than the neck 1. The planar portions 7A and 8A here extend t on one half of the sides of the square and are connected to portions 7B, 8B of circular section whose common cen- 4 t’t, tre 0 is located at the intersection of the diagonals 15 A’B’ and C’D’ of the square.
In the third embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the contai- Sner 9 is inscribed within a diamond and its planar portions 11A and 12A, which define a dihedlon whose angle exceeds 90° and are interconnected by a rounded apex S’, are connected to the respective spherical portions 11B and 12B at the points G’ and The latter are formed by the intersections of the corresponding sides of the diamond L’ with the straight lines H’G And E’F’ perpendicular to its sides and passing through the centre 0″ of the spherical portions 11B, 12B, the container being provided with a short neck It can be seen that the planar portions 11, 12A are 1} r’l
I
YLI- 09+ S p 90 0 0F I9 I 44r t 8 here distinctly smaller than the planar portions of the foregoing embodiments.
The fourth embodiment of the container 13 illustrated in Figs. 6 to 8 is inscribed in section in a vertical plane within a square C. In Fig. 6, the container 13 is placed in a position in which it bears on its neck 14 and on its edge 15 connecting its rounded portion 16B to the planar portion 18 connected to the neck 14, this container having two planar portions 16A 17A and a se- 10 cond rounded portion 17B. The vertical XY passing through the point 15 and through the centre of curvature of the rounded portions 16B, 17B divides the container into two volumes, the right volume filled with liquid being larger than the volume filled with this liquid on the left side 15 of the vertical XY, irrespective of the level of the liquid Ll, L2, L3, ,owing to the geometrical characteristics of the container according to the invention.
Consequently, this position of the container 13 is not stable and it automatically tends to tip in order to place itself in the position of Fig. 8, in which it bears on one of the planar portions 16A, 17A after having rolled over on the corresponding rounded portion; in the present instance, the container 13 bears on its planar portion 16A in Fig; 8 in which it is stable. This is explained by the fact that, irrespective of the level of the liquid (Ll, L2, L3, the volume of liquid located in the part of the container opposed to its neck iS r* Stw4
J
I
9 14 and defined by the vertical XY is larger than the volume of liquid located on the other side of this vertical XY, so that the stability of the container is ensured on either one of its planar bearing surfaces 16A or 17A.
Likewise, if the container is made to bear by one of its spherical portions 16B or 17B on a horizontal plane (Fig. the volume of liquid located between the vertical XY passing through the bearing line 19 defined by the middle of the rounded portion 16B (or 17B) and 10 the planar portions 16A, 17A, is greater than the volume of liquid contained in the part of the container located of on the other side of the vertical XY, i.e. between the latter and the neck 14. Consequently, the container 13 automatically tips over on its rounded portion 16B (or 15 17B) so as to position itself in its stable position of Fig. 8 in which its neck 14 is oriented upwardly.
Thus, all the containers satisfying the characteristics defined by the invention are unoverturnable and automatically place themselves in one of their two stable T 20 positions, irrespective of the position in which they are g placed on a support plane. This is of course also true when the container is placed in a position to bear on one of its rounded lateral surfaces 5. i For containers produced from flexible or semi-rigid materials, there is shown in Figs.
9 9A and 9B an embodiment
L
1 of the neck of the container in which the spout or opening’ 21 ccmmnunicates with the body 22 of the container through a i-1 l 1 1 1 1 1 i r 1 closure 23 and a neck 24. The closure 23 is formed by two 2 wall portions 23a, 23b which are so shaped as to bear 3 elastically against each other and close the container, 4 these portions 23a, 23b being hemi-spherical in the presently-described embodiment. They may be separated from 6 each other by the passage of the liquid therebetween when a 7 sufficient pressure is exerted on the sides of the 8 container, and elastically return to the position in which 9 they are applied against each other as soon as this pressure ceases. Thus, these curved portions 23a, 23b, close in the 11 manner of lips owing to the elastic effect of their shape.
12 This elastic effect is produced by the reaction of the wall 13 of the neck 24 with respect to forces transmitted thereto at 14 a certain angle by the curved shapes 23a, 23b.
15 In the embodiment shown in Figs. 10, 10A and 10B the 16 closure 25 is formed by two wall portions 25a, 25b having a 17 tapered recess contour and, more particularly in this 18 embodiment, in the form of a trapezium whose small bases are 19 elastically applied against each other. These small bases may be elastically separated when a sufficient pressure is 21 exerted on either of the walls of the container or on both 22 of these walls and return to the position in which they are 23 applied against each other and close the container in a 24 fluidtight manner when this pressure ceases. In the embodiment of Fig. 11, the upper edges 26a, 26b of the 26 closure 26 have convex contours in 27 S28 31 32 33 i S34 36 89101Skzldat.002.dw. 112.1 confronting relation to each other, the lateral edges 27a, 27b being rounded as in the case of the closure 23.
In the embodiment of Fig. 12, the closure 30 is formed by a planar wall portion 31 and a curved wall portion 32 which is in the presently-described embodiment hemi-spherical, these two portions being applied in the presently-described embodiment one against the other.
F
d C i a Cd 4 awaa a pa 8) S aI p t*t0

Claims (1)

6. A container substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 99 is .5 9″ *09 9 a 0* 9 5~0* 449* 9 4 1 I 4. DATED this 20th 6 7 MICHEL GUIFFRAY 8 By his Patent At 9 DAVIES COLLISO 12 13 14 16 17 t 8 19 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 31 32 33 34 89102O.kx dat.O2dw. 12,3 torneys N day of October, 1989.

AU65597/86A
1985-11-26
1986-11-24
Container shaped in such manner as to be unoverturnable for receiving a liquid

Ceased

AU593304B2
(en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title

FR8517456

1985-11-26

FR8517456A

FR2590546B1
(en)

1985-11-26
1985-11-26

PROFILED CONTAINER IN A WAY TO BE INVERSIBLE, FOR RECEIVING A LIQUID

Publications (2)

Publication Number
Publication Date

AU6559786A

AU6559786A
(en)

1987-05-28

AU593304B2
true

AU593304B2
(en)

1990-02-08

Family
ID=9325158
Family Applications (1)

Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date

AU65597/86A
Ceased

AU593304B2
(en)

1985-11-26
1986-11-24
Container shaped in such manner as to be unoverturnable for receiving a liquid

Country Status (20)

Country
Link

US
(1)

US4709821A
(en)

EP
(1)

EP0225251B1
(en)

JP
(1)

JPS62135149A
(en)

KR
(1)

KR870004885A
(en)

CN
(1)

CN1006155B
(en)

AT
(1)

ATE51835T1
(en)

AU
(1)

AU593304B2
(en)

BR
(1)

BR8605784A
(en)

CA
(1)

CA1269626A
(en)

DE
(1)

DE3670261D1
(en)

EG
(1)

EG17835A
(en)

ES
(1)

ES2015269B3
(en)

FR
(1)

FR2590546B1
(en)

IL
(1)

IL80760A0
(en)

IN
(1)

IN167575B
(en)

MA
(1)

MA20816A1
(en)

MX
(1)

MX162952B
(en)

OA
(1)

OA08555A
(en)

TN
(1)

TNSN86151A1
(en)

ZA
(1)

ZA868920B
(en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

IT1269271B
(en)

1994-11-08
1997-03-26
Unifill Spa

CONTAINER FOR FLUIDS, IN PARTICULAR FOR LIQUIDS OR PASTY FLUIDS

US5971217A
(en)

1997-12-22
1999-10-26
E. & J. Gallo Winery
Liquid storing and dispensing system

US6503014B2
(en)

2001-04-25
2003-01-07
Worldwide Cosmetics
Decorative container with applicator

US8141733B2
(en)

2007-01-18
2012-03-27
The Coca-Cola Company
Beverage container having circular arcs

CN106275703A
(en)

2016-10-16
2017-01-04
李红彪
The convenient container used

US11091266B2
(en)

2017-08-29
2021-08-17
Goodrich Corporation
Conformable tank fabricated using additive manufacturing

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

EP0115990A1
(en)

1983-01-28
1984-08-15

Michel Guiffray

Flexible material container for liquids

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

US4010783A
(en)

1975-07-21
1977-03-08
Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc.
Flexible, collapsible container for liquids having reinforced tail portion

1985

1985-11-26
FR
FR8517456A
patent/FR2590546B1/en
not_active
Expired

1986

1986-11-20
DE
DE8686402585T
patent/DE3670261D1/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1986-11-20
ES
ES86402585T
patent/ES2015269B3/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1986-11-20
EP
EP86402585A
patent/EP0225251B1/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1986-11-20
AT
AT86402585T
patent/ATE51835T1/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation

1986-11-21
KR
KR860009849A
patent/KR870004885A/en
not_active
Application Discontinuation

1986-11-24
AU
AU65597/86A
patent/AU593304B2/en
not_active
Ceased

1986-11-25
MA
MA21048A
patent/MA20816A1/en
unknown

1986-11-25
CN
CN86107953.1A
patent/CN1006155B/en
not_active
Expired

1986-11-25
CA
CA000523794A
patent/CA1269626A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1986-11-25
BR
BR8605784A
patent/BR8605784A/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation

1986-11-25
ZA
ZA868920A
patent/ZA868920B/en
unknown

1986-11-25
IN
IN907/MAS/86A
patent/IN167575B/en
unknown

1986-11-25
IL
IL80760A
patent/IL80760A0/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation

1986-11-25
US
US06/934,876
patent/US4709821A/en
not_active
Expired – Fee Related

1986-11-25
EG
EG735/86A
patent/EG17835A/en
active

1986-11-26
OA
OA59004A
patent/OA08555A/xx
unknown

1986-11-26
MX
MX4437A
patent/MX162952B/en
unknown

1986-11-26
JP
JP61281610A
patent/JPS62135149A/en
active
Pending

1986-11-26
TN
TNTNSN86151A
patent/TNSN86151A1/en
unknown

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

EP0115990A1
(en)

1983-01-28
1984-08-15
Michel Guiffray
Flexible material container for liquids

Also Published As

Publication number
Publication date

US4709821A
(en)

1987-12-01

DE3670261D1
(en)

1990-05-17

CN1006155B
(en)

1989-12-20

IL80760A0
(en)

1987-02-27

FR2590546A1
(en)

1987-05-29

AU6559786A
(en)

1987-05-28

KR870004885A
(en)

1987-06-02

OA08555A
(en)

1988-09-30

FR2590546B1
(en)

1988-02-26

BR8605784A
(en)

1987-08-25

ATE51835T1
(en)

1990-04-15

EP0225251A1
(en)

1987-06-10

MA20816A1
(en)

1987-07-01

ZA868920B
(en)

1987-07-29

ES2015269B3
(en)

1990-08-16

JPS62135149A
(en)

1987-06-18

EG17835A
(en)

1990-10-30

CN86107953A
(en)

1987-08-26

TNSN86151A1
(en)

1990-01-01

MX162952B
(en)

1991-07-22

CA1269626A
(en)

1990-05-29

EP0225251B1
(en)

1990-04-11

IN167575B
(en)

1990-11-17

Contact information