AU593359B2 - Creation of Inventions and Patents with Artificial Intelligence

AU593359B2 – Cold weather garments
– Google Patents

AU593359B2 – Cold weather garments
– Google Patents
Cold weather garments

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Publication number
AU593359B2

AU593359B2
AU74794/87A
AU7479487A
AU593359B2
AU 593359 B2
AU593359 B2
AU 593359B2
AU 74794/87 A
AU74794/87 A
AU 74794/87A
AU 7479487 A
AU7479487 A
AU 7479487A
AU 593359 B2
AU593359 B2
AU 593359B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
garment
foam
fabric
recited
face
Prior art date
1986-06-26
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Ceased

Application number
AU74794/87A
Other versions

AU7479487A
(en

Inventor
Vincent F. Ambrosiani
B. Dean Lassiter
Joe A. Mann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Burlington Industries Inc

Original Assignee
Burlington Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1986-06-26
Filing date
1987-06-25
Publication date
1990-02-08

1986-06-26
Priority claimed from US06/879,053
external-priority
patent/US4690847A/en

1986-07-14
Priority claimed from US06/885,444
external-priority
patent/US4807303A/en

1987-03-30
Priority claimed from US07/031,661
external-priority
patent/US4734306A/en

1987-06-25
Application filed by Burlington Industries Inc
filed
Critical
Burlington Industries Inc

1988-01-07
Publication of AU7479487A
publication
Critical
patent/AU7479487A/en

1990-02-08
Application granted
granted
Critical

1990-02-08
Publication of AU593359B2
publication
Critical
patent/AU593359B2/en

2007-06-25
Anticipated expiration
legal-status
Critical

Status
Ceased
legal-status
Critical
Current

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Classifications

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A41—WEARING APPAREL

A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES

A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear

A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use

A41D31/06—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating

A41D31/065—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating using layered materials

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS

B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM

B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts

B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer

B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS

B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM

B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed

B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer

B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A41—WEARING APPAREL

A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES

A41D2400/00—Functions or special features of garments

A41D2400/10—Heat retention or warming

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS

B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM

B32B2266/00—Composition of foam

B32B2266/06—Open cell foam

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS

B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM

B32B2437/00—Clothing

Description

^y.Sf r 1 j, COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
Form FOR OFFICE USE Class Int. Class Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification-Lodged: Accepted: SPublished: Priority: 4 593359 1 “i:s dr C:m~tf cn Ins UXI L: d~x:ulfnJ it ,o10’17 19ati i~coritc’f~ Related Art: Name of Applicant: ,,Address of Applicant: t Actual Inventor: Address for Service: TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC.
3330 West Friendly Avenue, Greensboro, North Carolina 27420, United States of America B. DEAN LASSITER, VINCENT F. AMBROSIANI JOE A. MANN SANDERCOCK, SMITH BEADLE 207 Riversdale Road, Box 410) Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122 Complete Specification for the invention entitled: COLD WEATHER GARMENTS The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me:r i i I 1 ,i ,i f i. “-7 i I
I
41 a~ i 14 1- In extremely cold conditions, the two most important requirements for clothing to provide humans with the ability to survive and/or be comfortable are the necessity of reducing heat loss from the body, and permitting the controlled transmission of moisture produced by perspiration.
Traditionally, the reduction of heat loss has been accomplished by wearing heavy garments and/or by putting on multiple layers of garments. The 10 transmission of moisture has been provided for in various ways, such as by wearing of vapor permeable garments, providing ventilation at the cuffs or collars, deliberately providing vent holes in the garments, etc. Within approximately the last decade I5 and a half, two different systems have emerged for providing enhanced comfort, and/or survivability, even under extremely cold conditions and harsh envi ronments.
One of the two cold weather garment systems (i 20O that is most accepted is known, for civilian garments, as the Patagonia system, and its closely related military counterpart is the ECWCS system.
SThese are layered systems consisting of three or more separate garments that are worn one over the other, each set consisting of an upper body series of layers, and a lower body series of layers. The outer set in the ECWCS system is of Gore-Tex e 2 laminated polytetrafluorethylene fabric.
Another accepted and very successful “cold weather system”, which has been proven effective in a wide variety of cold weather climates, is known as the Phillips system, and was developed by the well known outdoorsmen J.G. Phillips, Jr. and Sr. This system comprises unitary garments, rather than layers. The garment is made up of three components: an outer or “shell” layer of military nylon camouflage fabric selected for its ruggedness and high permeability to air and moisture vapor; an approximately one inch thick layer of soft and flexible polyurethane open cell foam; and an interior woven or knit lining fabric. The three s components are sewn together to form a unitary garment. As a single garment system, rather than a multi-layered system, the Phillips system has a number of advantages over the ECWCS system. However the Phillips system has functional, aesthetic, and ZO manufacturing drawbacks including poor wind resistance and water repellency, difficulties in 4 4.
6 J mass production because of the problems associated with cutting, handling, and sewing one inch thick open cell foam into a finished garment; a bulky construction which is uncomfortable to some users; and an appearance that oftentimes appears “bloated”.
Despite the fact that the Phillips system has been known and used commercially for more than a decade and a half, heretofore these problems have ,1 16 3 0 *0I
I
*0 @49 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 p 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 S27 28 29 SC 30 31 32 33 34 36 not been solved. However, according to the present invention, cold weather garments, and a method of utilization of the cold weather garments, have been provided which solve these problems of the Phillips system, while retaining all of the other numerous advantages thereof.
The invention therefore provides a cold weather garment comprising: an interior synthetic lining fabric; a synthetic outer fabric; a layer of preponderantly open cell foam between the interior lining fabric and the outer fabric; the lining, foam layer, and outer fabric connected together by connecting means to form a garment; and the garment having an MVT value of at least 500 grams per square meter per 24 hours, and an air permeability of less than cubic feet per minute per square foot at 0.5 inches head of water.
The single-set system of garments according to the invention (that is an upper body garment including arm portions, and a lower body garment comprising leg portions) has: excellent warmth, moisture permeability, and wind resistance properties; the ability to achieve good wind resistance even with a relatively low cost shell fabric; good water repellency; reduced bulkiness and therefore increased wearer comfort and appearance; and greatly improved ease of construction.
The gLrments according to the invention, like the Phillips prior art system, includes an outer shell fabric, an inner lining fabric, and a foam layer (open cell.
polyurethane) between the fabrics.
These three components of the garments are preferably connected together by stitching at the edges of the garment.
That is, the outer fabric, foam, and inner fabric are sewn together around the edges, and the foan is not in any way bonded to the shell or the liner by adhesive, or in any other manner, since such additional bonding may reduce the effectiveness of the garment for providing warmth or moisture r r.
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L;.
4 permeability.
One significant distinction between the invention and the Phillips system is the composition of the outer or shell fabric. The outer fabric of the garment according to the present invention has extremely low air permeability, while still having very high moisture vapor transmission. That is, the air permeability of the outer fabric according to the invention is less than 15 cubic feet per minute to per square foot at 0.5 inches head of water, and preferably is less than 10 cubic feet per minute per square foot. Despite this low air permeability, the outer fabric of the garment according to the present invention has a moisture vapor transmission of at I least 1,000 grams per square meter per 24 hours.
The preferred outer fabric according to the invention is a woven fabric, constructed from a fine t,,t denier, multi-filament, synthetic yarn (preferably polyester or polyamide yarn) which is woven into a SZ high density construction with controlled air
S
t porosity and moisture vapor transport properties.
V’tt Another distinction over the Phillips system provided =to the invention is the construction of the foam layer between the shell and j2- lining fabrics. By utilizing as the foam layer a slab of foam having a first face and having a second SI face that is convoluted, a number of advantages can S 4 S be achieved. For instance, utilizing the foam layer according to the invention one is able to increase 6o the flexibility of the garment, and reduce the or-‘
W
S- amount of material and weight of the garment. Also, since added surface area is provided by the convoluted face, moisture transfer during sweating by the wearer is enhanced. This is all accomplished Swithout a decrease in the warmth retention properties of the garment, and in fact the moisture transport capabilities thereof are actually increased.
The convoluted foam sheet preferably includes a flat face as the first face thereof. The convoluted face abuts the inner lining of the garment, while the flat face abuts the outer fabric. While the convoluted face may take a number of different forms, it preferably basically has a form like that IS of an egg carton, having peaks and valleys, with the peaks disposed in a generally grid-like arrangement, with ridges between the peaks, and with four peaks fo. surrounding a valley, and vice-versa.
Also, according to the invention the foam layer 2mo utilized may be a “skin foam'” or “skinned foam”.
“C iThe partially open cell skin foam may have a te thickness of at least about 1/8 inch, and preferably between 1/4 and 3/4 of an inch. At least one major face of the foam layer is flat, and has a skin, a z flat skinned face being in contact with the outer fabric, and enhancing the ease of construction and wind resistance of the garment. The foam layer may 1 be composed of a single piece of foam, and the second major face of the single piece of foam also aO may be flat and skinned, or it may be convoluted, or I I I i r 1 c; 11 1 6it may flat and not skinned, depending upon the particular other parameters selected. Where it is convoluted, the convoluted face will have a construction such as described in the parent s application.
As an alternative construction, instead of a single thickness piece of foam being provided as the foam layer, a plurality of smaller thickness pieces of foam may be provided as the foam layer; for to example instead of one 3/4 inch thick piece of polyurethane foam, two 3/8 inch thick pieces may be provided. Dual construction, with both pieces O:V* having a skinned face, enhances the wind resistance of the garment.
I 5 The final garment according to the invention must have a moisture vapor transmission value rate of at least 500 grams per square meter per 24 hours. The foam layer shouldhave an air permeability of less than about 10 cfm/square feet o at a pressure of 0.5 inches of water. The foam layer also shouldkhave a spray resistance of less c than 100 percent wet pickup at a 90 degree angle of l timpact and less than 150 degrees wet pickup at a degree angle. Further, the skinned foam face (or all skinned faces where there are more than one) shouldhave asurface friction of less than about two pounds using a one pound test load.
While the outer fabric can be formed of VERSATECH, or like relatively expensive tightly Swoven fabrics, a less expensive outer fabric may S 9 C 7 also be utilized. For example the outer shell may comprise a tightly knit synthetic yarn fabric having an air permeability value of less than about cubic feet per minute per square foot at a pressure of 0.5 inches of water, and it may be treated with a water repellent coating. More particularly, the outer shell fabric may comprise approximately 210 denier continuous filament nylon warp knit and 3 ply approximately 70 denier air textured nylon filling 1o yarn woven in a plain weave having about 79 ends and about 61 picks per inch.
The garment system according to the present invention is eminently successful even in harsh windy environments. For instance even with a /S temperature in the range of -20 to +10 0 F, with the wind continuous at 20-30 miles per hour, one wearing the garment system according to the present invention can remain warm and comfortable.
Protection is also provided under more moderate conditions, such as 10OF to 50 0
F.
It is the primary object of the present invention to provide an improved cold weather garment system and the like. This and other objects of the invention will become clear from an Z- inspection of the detailed description of the invention, and from the appended claims.
n* *r 9
I
-t f II *i I it ;4i Ii 9 4 4 9 FIGURE 1 is a perspective schematic view of exemplary upper and lower body garments constructed I d; r -il o ;f :~gi~ I.o ft *4 ft f..
according to the present invention; FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of one of the garments of FIGURE 1, showing the construction of the three components; 3 is a photograph, at a magnification of times, showing an exemplary outer fabric utilized in the garment of FIGURES 1 and 2; FIGURE 4 is a top perspective view of an exemplary convoluted foam that may be utilized in 10 the garment of FIGURES 1 and 2; FIGURES 5 and 6 are side cross-sectional, and top plan views, respectively, of the convoluted foam of FIGURE 4; FIGURE 7 is a view like FIGURE 2 only showing Is convoluted foam between the ‘fabric layers; FIGURE 8 is a view like that of FIGURE 7 only showing a skinned foam; FIGURES 9 and 10 are side views, like that of FIGURE 8, showing two other embodiments according to -21 the invention using skin foam; and FIGURE 11 is a a cross-sectional view of the foam layer of the garment 10 or 11, illustrating an 4t tt P, I tP I I C I
C’
i V:11i i -9- Sedge-to-edge positioning of two pieces of foam comprising the foam layer.
Exemplary cold weather garments according to the invention are illustrated schematically in S FIGURE i, an upper body garment being illustrated by reference numeral 10, and the lower body garment by reference numeral 11. The upper body garment protects the upper part of the wearer’s body, and has arm portions 12 which cover the wearer’s arms.
1o The lower body garment 11 protects the lower portion of the wearer’s body, and includes leg portions 13.
Utilizing the garments 10, 11, the wearer needs no other garments in order to provide sufficient cold eather protection for the wearer’s body, arms, and 1 ef e5 legs, although additional garments will be utilized to protect the wearer’s hands, feet, and head.
SWhile no other additional garments are necessary for cold weather protection, the wearer can, if desired, wear underwear, or like garments, although it is S-0 2o necessary that the wearer avoid wearing any other type of garment (whether inner or outer) which has Spoor moisture vapor transmission properties.
The construction of each of the garments 11, is illustrated in FIGURE 2, each of the garments .aS comprising (or consisting of) three layers, I comprising an outer or shell fabric layer 15, an inner fabric layer 16, and a layer of foam 17 (or S 117, 217, 317, or 417;’see FIGURES 4-10) disposed between the fabric layers 15, 16. g e 1 S- I0 The outer fabric layer 15 may be, according to the present invention, the component of the garment ,3 which provides the enhanced wind resistance. The fabric 15 may be any suitable fabric which has air permeability of less than 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot at 0.5 inches head of water, and preferably has less than 10 ft 3 /min./ft 2 Despite its low air permeability, the fabric 15 must has good moisture vapor transmission, that is it should be at least about 1,000 grams per square meter per 24 hours.
One particular fabric 15 according to the present invention, which has the desired air permeability ‘and moisture vapor transmission E properties, comprises a high density woven fabric, woven from fine denier, multi-filament, synthetic yarn polyester yarn). Such a fabric is available commercially from Burlington Industries, Inc. under the trademark “VERSATECH”. A piece of VERSATECH fabric, at a magni-fication of 50 times, is I, illustrated in the photograph of FIGURE 3. Note in particular the fine denier multi-filament yarns 19, which make up the weave of the fabric.
Alternatively, the fabric 15 may be a tightly woven nylon (polyamide) fabric with a warp count of between about 63-79, and a filling count of between .I t about 57-61. This fabric is less expensive than VERSATECH, and has better abrasion resistance. For i example, a series of nylon fabrics were prepared as 3o candidate shell fabrics for garments according to
I
-I.
11the invention. The structures and significant properties were as follows: Fabric No. Yarn Deniers Yarn Count t. V.T Ai Porosity Warp Filling Warp X Filling oz./yd. g/ I-24hrs. ft. /min./ft.
1 210 3×70/66 79/61 4.94 1333 9.8 2 210 330 79×59 5.69 1212 5.9 3 330 3×70/66 64/59 5.82 1273 13.2 4 330 330 53/57 6.25 1212 9.4 The inner fabric 16 may be of any suitable \o conventional type. For instance both knit or woven fabrics can be utilized. The major purpose of the inner fabric 16 is just to prevent the foam 17 from directly contacting the body, while allowing free omoisture vapor transmission from the body to the S foam. One particular fabric that is especially suitable for the inner lining 16 is a loosely knit nylon or polyester tricot fabric, such as one commercially available from Burlington Industries of Greensboro, North Carolina and having the 2 designation “Style No. 18085″, with a moisture vapor transmission rate value of at least 1,000 grams per square meter per 24 hours.
The foam 17 of the garment may be of any suitable construction, and preferably is a preponderantly open cell, soft and flexible Spolyurethane foam. The thickness of the foam layer Swill depend on its properties and those of the Sfabrics 15, 16. The foam layer 17 of FIGURE 2 has a thickness of at least 1/2 inch, and preferably a 1” thickness of at least about 3/4 of an inch, and i1 r 12 Q~r p. P *ac desirably a thickness of about one inch. While the foam may have a uniform thickness, as is conventional in the Phillips system and as is illustrated for the layer 17 in FIGURE 2, it is advantageous to provide the foam having a convoluted construction, as illustrated in FIGURES 4 through 8, and/or with a “skin”, as illustrated in FIGURES 8 through 11.
The convoluted foam 117 of FIGURES 4 through 6 io has a first face, 21, which is adapted to abut the outer fabric 16, and a second, convoluted face 22.
having peaks 23 and valleys 24, the peaks 23 adapted to abut the inner lining fabric 16. For the particular embodiment illustrated in the drawings, IE5 note that the peaks 23 are disposed in a substantially linear grid-like arrangement, with ridges 25 interconnecting the peaks 23, and with four peaks 23 and associated ridges 25 surrounding each valley 24. In one embodiment of convoluted D-o foam, the entire thickness 40 (see FIGURE 5 in particular) of the foam layer is about one inch, while the thickness of the base of the foam layer 117, and the spacing between the bottom of each valley and the top of each peak, are each approximately of the dimension 42, which is approximately 1/2 inch. One such suitable convoluted foam is commercially available from Technical Foam Products of Charlotte, North Carolina.
The convoluted foam layer 117 has a number of 0 advantages. It increases the flexibility and re r e bTC C r e r .S B L; 4E CL.
,’c Ctrt I at p. P app P .a a aI a a a aa f i: r 4 13 reduces the material and weight of the entire garment. Also, the peak and valley surface 22 provides added surface area for moisture transfer during sweating since moisture transfer includes S permeation of water vapor.
The three layers of the garments according to the invention are connected together by suitable connecting means to form the garment. A preferred form that the connecting means takes is illustrated Io schematically in FIGURES 1 and 2, and comprises stitching 30, the stitching 30 being provided at the edges of the garment for stitching the outer fabric 15 and inner lining 16 to the foam layer 17.
I Stitching 30 ‘is provided wherever necessary in order i o ItS to construct a particular garment. If desired, an additional ridge of material may be provided at the edges of the garment at the area of the stitching.
In actual tests conducted utilizing the garments according to the invention, in an l o environment in which the temperature was in the
S
t t range of -20 to +10°F and the wind was continuous at 20-30 miles per hour, the invention was demonstrated to be superior to the ECWCS system, and Sthe Phillips system. After four days in the ECWCS ZsE garment, the tester was severely chilled and was on r ithe verge of hypothermia, with a core temperature of ‘t V about 91F. The tester then switched to the Vit garments according to the invention, with a foam layer 17 approximately one inch thick. The tester’s So body temperature rose within 2.5 hours to 101F, 1 A l l h i 1 l 1 ll 1 1 *e99 9999 ~9*9 ~4 99 9 99 9 9 4*9 9*9* 9*44 9.
9 9 *99 14 and leveled off at 98.6°F within 15 hours. The tester remained warm and comfortable over the next five days. The tester also evaluated the Phillips system, which is entirely suitable for the temperature range -20 to +10°F if the wind is low. However, because of the low wind resistance of the Phillips system, he was quite uncomfortable in the continuous wind of 20-30 miles per hour.
Laboratory tests were also done comparing the moisture vapor transport, and air permeability of the shell fabrics of the invention, the Phillips system, and the ECWCS system, and also comparing the garments according to the invention, the Phillips system, and the ECWCS system. Those laboratory IS- determinations are as follows: HMVT AirPermeability g/m’-24 hours ft /min/ft’ oz/yd Shell Fabric 4, ‘9 .ft t Vt 4 t C VERSATECH (invention) Camouflage fabric (Phillips) 2-0 Gore-Tex (ECHCS) 1610 1470 460 1.70 44.5 0.0 2.75 5.70 Garment Sample VERSATECH/one-inch foam/lining fabric composite gar’ment of invention -5 Camouflage fabric/one-inch foam/lining fabric composite garment of Phillips
WVT
g/m -24 hours 676 554 Air Permeability ft /min/ft 1.99 35.6 ECHCS composite garment
.IJ,
15 While the laboratory results set forth above with respect to the composite garments may not be entirely accurate due to difficulties in testing, it is believed that the results are generally accurate and confirm what is clear from the subjective tests done by the cold weather expert tester, namely that the system according to the invention can be considered superior to the ECWCS and Phillips systems.
In the embodiments of FIGURES 8-11, a skin foam 1o is used. Again, the foam thickness depends on a l.arge number of variables, but usually the foam layer 217 would at least about 1/8 inch thick, and preferably is a 1/4-3/4 inch thick layer of skinned partially open cell polyurethane foam. Note the IS major face 220 of the foam layer 217 which is a flat tt major face having the “skin” formed thereon. In the «particular embodiment illustrated in FIGURE 8, the i ‘btt second major face, 221, of the foam layer 217, is convoluted. Note that the skinned face 20 abuts the o outer garment 16.
SThe skin construction of the foam may be t f produced by a number of commercially available techniques. One suitable foam that is commercially available is sold under the trade designation “Basic” by Specialty Composites Corporation of Newark, Delaware. Attention is also directed to the following U.S. patents which teach conventional, 1i techniques for forming skinned foam: 4,518,557; 4,242,463; and 3,709,965.
S
i O Two other embodiments of thG foam layer, l -16according to the present invention, are illustrated in FIGURE3 9 and 10. In FIGURE 9, the foam layer 317 has two major skin faces 320, 321, and preferably comprises a single thickness of foam (e.g.
Sapproximately 3/4 of an inch thick). In the FIGURE embodiment, two identical but separate pieces of foam 417 are provided, each having a first major skinned face 420, and a second major skinned face 421. In the FIGURE 10 embodiment, the two pieces of ic foam 417 comprising the foam layer are each about 3/8 of an inch thick, the composite layer being about 3/4 of an inch thick.
The skinned foam insulatior. should have a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVT) value of at IS least 500 grams per square meter per 24 hours in order to provide for the transport of moisture vapor Woo. from the wearer’s body. Also the skinned fo~m insulation should have an air permeability value of less than 10 cfm/sq. foot at a pressure of 2-o inches of water to provide good wind resistance.
Further, the skinned foam insulation should have a spray resistance of less than 100 percent wet pickup at a 90 degree angle of impact and less than 150% WPU at a 45 degree angle of impact to provide p2for improved water repellency. Finally, it is desirable that the skin foam insulation should have a surface friction of less than two pounds using a one pound test load in order to minimize problems associated with cutting and sewing and handling of -8 the open cell foam sheets and forming the finished I 21 i *4, a 4*4.
to 17 garment.
In the manufacture of the garments 10, 11 according to the invention (or other cold weather garments utilizing this foam, such as hats, mittens, parkas, hoods, or the like), the foam first is cut into one or more pieces to generally form the garment shapes. Seams are stitched together to form the basic garment, such as illustrated by reference numeral 30 in FIGURES 1 and 8 through 11. The foam )o pieces may be bonded together in edge-to-edge configuration at the seams using an organic adhesive. For example the two foam sheets 31, 32 illustrated in FIGURE 11, forming the foam layer comparable to the layer 217 illustrated in FIGURE 8, IS have their edges in substantial abutting engagement with an organic adhesive 33 holding them together.
One example of organic adhesive that may be utilized is available from the John G. Traveler Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and sold under the trade Zo name “FRISYLEN”. Utilizing -the organic adhesive between the foam pieces 31, 32, instead of stitching them together (which also is an option) can be advantageous since the stitching can compress the foam thereby causing “heat leaks”.
Utilizing the skinned foam pieces according to the invention, it is easier to slide them across work surfaces and to align them in edge-to-edge configurations to form the foam layer which will be sandwiched between the two fabric layers.
The outer fabric 16 according to the invention 4J
IC
(t C 41 8smay be “VERSATECH”, but need not be in view of the enhanced wind resistance provided by the foam construction. For example the outer shell fabric 16 may be formed of a tightly knit nylon fabric which is made of commercially available approximately 210 denier continuous filament nylon warp yarn and 3 ply approximately 70 denier air textured nylon filling yarn, woven in a plain weave having about 79 ends and about 61 picks per inch. This shell fabric provides io an air permeability value of less than 10 cubic feet per square foot per minute at a pressure of inches of water, and preferably is treated with the commercially available water repellent, such as one sold by the 3M Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota under the trademark “SCOTCHGARD”. However other ac” even less expensive outer shell fabrics of synthetic material may be provided, such as military nylon t” fabrics which have higher air permeabilities than would have been acceptable in the conventional So Phillips system as far as wind resistance is concerned. As a matter of fact a variety of outer fabrics 16 may be utilized as long as the MVT value of the composite garment is at least 500 grams per square meter per 24 hours.
2Z Experimental values comparing various properties of foam, fabrics, and composite garments according to
W
t ‘the invention with the prior art are indicated by the following tables.
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19 TABLE I Foam Sample Prior Art L&P 1112 :S FIG. 3 Skin Foam FIG. 4 Skin Foam (2 sheets of 3/8″ each) lo Shell Fabric
VERSATECH
Exp. Nylon Prior Art Military Nylon 4VT 654 545 533
MIT
1610 1333 Air Perm. Weight 205 8.17 5.60 Air Perm.
1.70 8.3 22.0 20.5 Weight 2.75 c~
I
44 4 4 4 444
I
I
44 4 .4, 9.78 4.94 1470 44.5 2.75 lE Garment Sample VERSATECH/L&P 1112 Exp. Nyl./Skin Foam Exp. Nyl./Skin Foam (2 sheets of 3/8″ inch) Prior Art Mil. Nylon/L&P 1112 Air Perm.
1.7 8.2 5.6 In Table I, the MVT is in grams per square meter per 24 hours; the air permeability is in cfm per square foot at 0.5 inches water, and weight is 2’ in ounces per yard. Note that the second and third garment samples have MVT values and air permeabilities within the desired range, but can be constructed more easily, and less expensively, than S the conventional foam with VERSATECH outer garment as described in the first garment sample.
TABLE II Spray Resistance F(Percent Wet Pick-Up) o to Foam Sample 90 angle 45 angle Prior Art L&P 1112 257 548 aao Prior Art L&P 1115 290 552 \S Skin Foam 70.4 121 0 e The values in Table II were obtained using the AATCC test method 42-1980 except that the SI sample weight increase was determined instead of blotter weight increase and used to calculate percentage wet pick-up because the sponge-like nature of the foams prevented water from passing through to the blotter. The sample size for the degree test was a 7 inch by 12 inch rectangle, while the sample size for the 45 degree test was a 4 7/8 26 inch diameter circle.
Si 1 t lt
F~I”
21 TABLE III Surface Friction Resistance (Ibs.) 51 gm load 1 lb. load Foam Sample Prior Art L&P 1112 Skin Foam 0.2 0.2 2.6 (avg.) 1.7 (avg.)
PS.,
.4,5 o A a a ao 9R* 045* a, a, a o,a, a a o., a a a The values of Table III were produced using a Scott tester iY: which a loaded sled is pulled across 10 the surface of the test sample. Note that the friction with a one pound load of the foam in the garment according to the invention is significantly less than that for the prior art foam. This significant reduction in surface friction is also 115 confirmed by the subjective reaction of workers who manufacture garments from the foam, the skinned foam construction universally being praised for improvements in handling, cutting, feeding, and stitching compared to conventional open cell foams.
In cutting, the skin foam sheets have been determined to be much easier to align on the table, and the cutting knife slices through them with less difficulty than experience with conventional open cell polyurethane foam. Handling at the sewing 2,s machine is better than with standard foam, too.
Alignment of plies for seaming is better, resistance or drag on the sewing table is reduced allowing easier and more even feeding, and the foam does not I ’40, B 6.4 4 B r 6Sf 6 Ii t Ifc 6. 46 ‘~1 22 “spin” as much. In stitching, the skin foam reduces the thread splitting that occurs with standard foam, does not stretch as much during stitching, and there is less puckering and the pieces fit together better. Three-eighth inch skin foam is easier to sew than any other foam utilized in the manufacture of foam-containing cold weather garments to date, including 1/4 inch conventional foam.
It will thus be seen that according to the \o present invention a cold weather garment is provided which is much easier to construct than prior art desirable cold weather garments, yet has the same desirable properties as far as MVT value and cold weather insulation are concerned. Further, enhanced I wind and water resistance, and/or the ability to select from a wider variety of outer shell fabrics while achieving enhanced wind and water resistance, are desirable attributes of the invention.
The claims form part of the disclosure of this specification.
II

Claims (1)

999. 9 *.9 .9. 9 t I IC 23 The claims defining the invention are as follows: WHArx U xxqj XI:kv k 1. A cold weather garment comprising: an interior synthetic lining fabric; a synthetic outer fabric; a layer of preponderantly open cell fc:m between the interior lining fabric and the outer fabric; the lining, foam layer, and outer fabric connected together by connecting means to form a garment; and the garment having an MVT value of at least 500 grams per square meter per 24 hours, and an air permeability of less than 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot at 0.5 inches head of water. 2. A garment as recited in claim 1 wherein the outer fabric comprises a fabric having an air permeability of less than 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot at 0.5 inches head of water, and having a moisture vapor transmission of at least 1,000 grams per square meter per 24 hours. 3. A garment as recited in claim 2 wherein the outer fabric is a woven fabric, woven from a fine denier, multi-filament, polyester or polyamide yarn so that it has a high density. 4. A garment as recited in claim lwherein the foam comprises polyurethane foam at least about 1/4 inch thick. +r t 1 t t :ic i ap. i :I i i: -24 i *a *asr a a, a I I~ A garment as recited in claim 2 wherein the outer fabric is woven of polyamide yarn having a warp count of between about 63-79 and a filling count of between about 57-61. 6. A garment as recited inclaim wherein said foam comprises a first face, and a second, convoluted, face, said convoluted face including peaks and valleys, and said convoluted face disposed in abutting relationship with the interior lining fabric. 7. A garment as recited in claim 6 wherein the first face is substantially flat and is in abutting relationship with the outer fabric, and the thickness of said foam from said first face to said valleys is approximately 1/2 the thickness of said foam from said first face to said peaks. 8. A garment as recited in claim -wherein said foam layer has first and second major faces, said first face being flat, and disposed in abutting relationship with the outer fabric, and at least said first face has a skin so as to enhance ease of construction and wind resistance. 9. A garment as recited in claim 8 wherein said foam layer comprises a plurality of sub layers, each sub layer having a first face thereof which is *N I 1 substantially flat and skinned, so as to enhance the wind 2 resistance of the garment. 3 10. A garment as recited in claim 8 wherein said foam layer 4 has a moisture transmission value rate of at least 500 gins/sq. meter/24 hrs., an air permeability of less than 6 about 10 cfm/sq.f t. at a pressure of 0.5 inches of water, a 7 spray resistance of less than 100% wet pick-up at a 90 deg. 8 angle of impact and less than 150% at a 45 deg. angle, and a 9 surface friction of a skin face of less than abouit 2 pouinds using a one pound test load. 11 11. A garment as recited in any preceding claim wherein 12 said connecting means comprises stitching disposed around 13 the edges of the garment and connecting the outer fabric to 14 the foam and the lining fabric to the foam at the edges of the garment. 16 12. A garment as recited in any preceding claim wherein the 17 foam comprises polyurethane foam between about 1/4-about one 18 inch thick. 19 13. A garment as recited in claim 12 wherein the foam is greater than inch thick. 21 14. A garmenc as recited in any preceding claim wherein the *22 lining fabric comprises a fabric loosely knit from synthetic ,tt 24 15. A garment substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 26 27 28 S 29 DATED THIS 18th October, 1989 .2’30 SMITH SHELSTON BEADLE 31 Fellows Institute of Patent 32 Attorneys of Australia. .33 Patent Attorneys for the Applicant 34 BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC. C”h_7 4

AU74794/87A
1986-06-26
1987-06-25
Cold weather garments

Ceased

AU593359B2
(en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title

US06/879,053

US4690847A
(en)

1986-06-26
1986-06-26
Cold weather garment structure

US879053

1986-06-26

US885444

1986-07-14

US06/885,444

US4807303A
(en)

1986-07-14
1986-07-14
Protective clothing system for cold weather

US07/031,661

US4734306A
(en)

1986-06-26
1987-03-30
Cold weather garment with skin foam and method of making same

US031661

1987-03-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number
Publication Date

AU7479487A

AU7479487A
(en)

1988-01-07

AU593359B2
true

AU593359B2
(en)

1990-02-08

Family
ID=27363929
Family Applications (1)

Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date

AU74794/87A
Ceased

AU593359B2
(en)

1986-06-26
1987-06-25
Cold weather garments

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EP0251640B1
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JP
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JPH07107201B2
(en)

KR
(1)

KR940003450B1
(en)

CN
(1)

CN1014390B
(en)

AU
(1)

AU593359B2
(en)

CA
(1)

CA1290897C
(en)

DE
(1)

DE3776989D1
(en)

FI
(1)

FI87515C
(en)

IN
(1)

IN170733B
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NO872335L
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1992-09-09
1995-08-24
Micro Thermal Systems Limited
Thermoinsulative protective garments

GB2270829B
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1992-09-09
1996-07-17
Nigel John Middleton
Thermoinsulative protective clothing system

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1994-02-17
1998-08-04
Middleton; Nigel John
Thermoinsulative protective garments

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1997-09-10
1997-11-12
Spink Andrew D
Breatheable waterproof garment construction

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2004-10-14
2010-03-02
Nike, Inc.
Article of apparel incorporating an embossed material

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2013-01-09
2014-10-22
四川大学
Warm clothing with transverse ribs and longitudinal ribs and production method thereof

CN104489949A
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2014-12-27
2015-04-08
常熟市庄丹奴服饰有限公司
Environment-friendly functional double-layer jacket

DE202017004137U1
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2017-08-07
2018-11-12
Va-Q-Tec Ag

Thermal insulation panel arrangement

JP7323597B2
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2017-09-08
2023-08-08
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Moisture-permeable waterproof sheets, clothing fabrics and laminates

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1956-06-14
1956-10-30
Cable Makers Australia Proprie
Cushioning element

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1975-06-02
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protective suit

1987

1987-05-18
IN
IN430/DEL/87A
patent/IN170733B/en
unknown

1987-06-03
NO
NO872335A
patent/NO872335L/en
unknown

1987-06-04
FI
FI872514A
patent/FI87515C/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation

1987-06-23
EP
EP87305553A
patent/EP0251640B1/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1987-06-23
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DE8787305553T
patent/DE3776989D1/en
not_active
Expired – Fee Related

1987-06-25
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CA000540488A
patent/CA1290897C/en
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Expired – Lifetime

1987-06-25
CN
CN87104396A
patent/CN1014390B/en
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Expired

1987-06-25
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AU74794/87A
patent/AU593359B2/en
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Ceased

1987-06-26
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JP62159530A
patent/JPH07107201B2/en
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Expired – Lifetime

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KR1019870006520A
patent/KR940003450B1/en
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CN87104396A
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1988-02-17

IN170733B
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1992-05-09

FI872514A0
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1987-06-04

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(en)

1991-10-23

EP0251640B1
(en)

1992-03-04

DE3776989D1
(en)

1992-04-09

CA1290897C
(en)

1991-10-22

FI87515C
(en)

1993-01-25

FI872514A
(en)

1987-12-27

EP0251640A3
(en)

1988-09-14

EP0251640A2
(en)

1988-01-07

JPH07107201B2
(en)

1995-11-15

JPS6342906A
(en)

1988-02-24

KR940003450B1
(en)

1994-04-22

AU7479487A
(en)

1988-01-07

NO872335D0
(en)

1987-06-03

FI87515B
(en)

1992-10-15

KR880000041A
(en)

1988-03-23

NO872335L
(en)

1987-12-28

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