AU619309B2 – Combination of photosensitive elements for use in radiography
– Google Patents
AU619309B2 – Combination of photosensitive elements for use in radiography
– Google Patents
Combination of photosensitive elements for use in radiography
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Info
Publication number
AU619309B2
AU619309B2
AU37121/89A
AU3712189A
AU619309B2
AU 619309 B2
AU619309 B2
AU 619309B2
AU 37121/89 A
AU37121/89 A
AU 37121/89A
AU 3712189 A
AU3712189 A
AU 3712189A
AU 619309 B2
AU619309 B2
AU 619309B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
silver halide
screen
layer
radiation
group
Prior art date
1988-07-14
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
AU37121/89A
Other versions
AU3712189A
(en
Inventor
Sergio Pesce
John M. Winslow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1988-07-14
Filing date
1989-06-28
Publication date
1992-01-23
1989-06-28
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
filed
Critical
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
1990-01-18
Publication of AU3712189A
publication
Critical
patent/AU3712189A/en
1992-01-23
Application granted
granted
Critical
1992-01-23
Publication of AU619309B2
publication
Critical
patent/AU619309B2/en
2009-06-28
Anticipated expiration
legal-status
Critical
Status
Ceased
legal-status
Critical
Current
Links
Espacenet
Global Dossier
Discuss
238000002601
radiography
Methods
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title
claims
description
18
-1
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Caenorhabditis elegans gars-1 gene
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Chemical compound
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Chemical compound
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2
XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
benzopyrazine
Natural products
N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21
XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
2
125000000484
butyl group
Chemical group
[H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H]
0.000
description
2
229910052799
carbon
Inorganic materials
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description
2
150000001732
carboxylic acid derivatives
Chemical class
0.000
description
2
125000002057
carboxymethyl group
Chemical group
[H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*]
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description
2
239000000084
colloidal system
Substances
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description
2
239000003086
colorant
Substances
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description
2
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crystal
Substances
0.000
description
2
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dimagnesium;dioxido-bis[[oxido(oxo)silyl]oxy]silane
Chemical compound
[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])=O
GXGAKHNRMVGRPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
2
230000000694
effects
Effects
0.000
description
2
235000019325
ethyl cellulose
Nutrition
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2
229920001249
ethyl cellulose
Polymers
0.000
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2
125000001153
fluoro group
Chemical group
F*
0.000
description
2
150000002344
gold compounds
Chemical class
0.000
description
2
229910052736
halogen
Inorganic materials
0.000
description
2
150000002367
halogens
Chemical class
0.000
description
2
MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
imidazoline
Chemical compound
C1CN=CN1
MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
2
239000012770
industrial material
Substances
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description
2
239000004615
ingredient
Substances
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2
239000007788
liquid
Substances
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2
229910052744
lithium
Inorganic materials
0.000
description
2
229920001220
nitrocellulos
Polymers
0.000
description
2
238000003199
nucleic acid amplification method
Methods
0.000
description
2
235000005985
organic acids
Nutrition
0.000
description
2
239000011368
organic material
Substances
0.000
description
2
LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
phthalazine
Chemical compound
C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21
LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
2
XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
phthalic acid
Chemical compound
OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O
XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
2
239000004014
plasticizer
Substances
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description
2
239000004848
polyfunctional curative
Substances
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2
229920000642
polymer
Polymers
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description
2
229920002451
polyvinyl alcohol
Polymers
0.000
description
2
235000019422
polyvinyl alcohol
Nutrition
0.000
description
2
239000004800
polyvinyl chloride
Substances
0.000
description
2
229920000915
polyvinyl chloride
Polymers
0.000
description
2
125000001436
propyl group
Chemical group
[H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H]
0.000
description
2
230000008313
sensitization
Effects
0.000
description
2
ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M
silver bromide
Chemical compound
[Ag]Br
ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M
0.000
description
2
HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
silver monochloride
Chemical compound
[Cl-].[Ag+]
HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
0.000
description
2
238000003756
stirring
Methods
0.000
description
2
238000003860
storage
Methods
0.000
description
2
239000000126
substance
Substances
0.000
description
2
239000004094
surface-active agent
Substances
0.000
description
2
DLQKNXAWCPRERG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
terbium thulium
Chemical compound
[Tb][Tm]
DLQKNXAWCPRERG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
2
CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
thiazoline
Chemical compound
C1CN=CS1
CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
2
230000008719
thickening
Effects
0.000
description
2
WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
tungsten
Chemical compound
[W]
WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
2
229910052721
tungsten
Inorganic materials
0.000
description
2
239000010937
tungsten
Substances
0.000
description
2
238000005406
washing
Methods
0.000
description
2
150000005208
1,4-dihydroxybenzenes
Chemical class
0.000
description
1
125000001637
1-naphthyl group
Chemical group
[H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H]
0.000
description
1
HIYWOHBEPVGIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1h-benzo[g]indole
Chemical class
C1=CC=CC2=C(NC=C3)C3=CC=C21
HIYWOHBEPVGIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
125000000143
2-carboxyethyl group
Chemical group
[H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])*
0.000
description
1
125000001731
2-cyanoethyl group
Chemical group
[H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N
0.000
description
1
125000001622
2-naphthyl group
Chemical group
[H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H]
0.000
description
1
CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2h-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine
Chemical class
N1=NC=CC2=C1N=NN2
CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3-hydroxypropyl
Chemical group
[CH2]CCO
QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
4-hydroxy-butyl
Chemical group
[CH2]CCCO
SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
244000215068
Acacia senegal
Species
0.000
description
1
101710134784
Agnoprotein
Proteins
0.000
description
1
102000009027
Albumins
Human genes
0.000
description
1
108010088751
Albumins
Proteins
0.000
description
1
241000272814
Anser sp.
Species
0.000
description
1
244000255890
Biophytum sensitivum
Species
0.000
description
1
BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Borate
Chemical compound
[O-]B([O-])[O-]
BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Bromide
Chemical compound
[Br-]
CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
0.000
description
1
229920000742
Cotton
Polymers
0.000
description
1
SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Dodecane
Natural products
CCCCCCCCCCCC
SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Ethyl hydrogen sulfate
Chemical compound
CCOS(O)(=O)=O
KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
101150111247
GRS1 gene
Proteins
0.000
description
1
229920000084
Gum arabic
Polymers
0.000
description
1
101100479551
Methanopyrus kandleri (strain AV19 / DSM 6324 / JCM 9639 / NBRC 100938) glyS gene
Proteins
0.000
description
1
239000006057
Non-nutritive feed additive
Substances
0.000
description
1
229910019142
PO4
Inorganic materials
0.000
description
1
SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Patent blue
Chemical compound
[Na+].C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1
SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
0.000
description
1
ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Phenol
Chemical compound
OC1=CC=CC=C1
ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
206010034960
Photophobia
Diseases
0.000
description
1
239000004952
Polyamide
Substances
0.000
description
1
239000004793
Polystyrene
Substances
0.000
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1
239000004372
Polyvinyl alcohol
Substances
0.000
description
1
229910006069
SO3H
Inorganic materials
0.000
description
1
235000021355
Stearic acid
Nutrition
0.000
description
1
FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Thiazole
Chemical compound
C1=CSC=N1
FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Thiocyanate anion
Chemical compound
[S-]C#N
ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
0.000
description
1
229910052775
Thulium
Inorganic materials
0.000
description
1
229920002433
Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer
Polymers
0.000
description
1
229920001986
Vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer
Polymers
0.000
description
1
FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N
[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate
Chemical compound
O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O
FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N
0.000
description
1
238000002835
absorbance
Methods
0.000
description
1
239000000205
acacia gum
Substances
0.000
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1
235000010489
acacia gum
Nutrition
0.000
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1
239000000980
acid dye
Substances
0.000
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1
229920006322
acrylamide copolymer
Polymers
0.000
description
1
230000009471
action
Effects
0.000
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1
238000007792
addition
Methods
0.000
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1
239000000654
additive
Substances
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1
239000000853
adhesive
Substances
0.000
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1
230000001070
adhesive effect
Effects
0.000
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1
230000002776
aggregation
Effects
0.000
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1
238000004220
aggregation
Methods
0.000
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1
229920000615
alginic acid
Polymers
0.000
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1
235000010443
alginic acid
Nutrition
0.000
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1
125000003342
alkenyl group
Chemical group
0.000
description
1
125000005250
alkyl acrylate group
Chemical group
0.000
description
1
125000002947
alkylene group
Chemical group
0.000
description
1
239000004411
aluminium
Substances
0.000
description
1
229910052782
aluminium
Inorganic materials
0.000
description
1
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
aluminium
Chemical compound
[Al]
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
125000000129
anionic group
Chemical group
0.000
description
1
230000002742
anti-folding effect
Effects
0.000
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1
239000002216
antistatic agent
Substances
0.000
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1
239000007864
aqueous solution
Substances
0.000
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1
238000000149
argon plasma sintering
Methods
0.000
description
1
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barium oxide
Chemical compound
[Ba]=O
QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
229910001864
baryta
Inorganic materials
0.000
description
1
230000008901
benefit
Effects
0.000
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1
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benzo[g][1,3]benzothiazole
Chemical compound
C1=CC=CC2=C(SC=N3)C3=CC=C21
IIUUNAJWKSTFPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
125000003236
benzoyl group
Chemical group
[H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O
0.000
description
1
125000000319
biphenyl-4-yl group
Chemical group
[H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H]
0.000
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1
238000004061
bleaching
Methods
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1
125000001246
bromo group
Chemical group
Br*
0.000
description
1
125000004799
bromophenyl group
Chemical group
0.000
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1
125000004744
butyloxycarbonyl group
Chemical group
0.000
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1
239000000298
carbocyanine
Substances
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1
150000001735
carboxylic acids
Chemical class
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1
239000003054
catalyst
Substances
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catalytic reduction reaction
Methods
0.000
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1
125000002091
cationic group
Chemical group
0.000
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1
229920002678
cellulose
Polymers
0.000
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1
229920006217
cellulose acetate butyrate
Polymers
0.000
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1
239000002738
chelating agent
Substances
0.000
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1
125000001309
chloro group
Chemical group
Cl*
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1
238000000975
co-precipitation
Methods
0.000
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1
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contaminant
Substances
0.000
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1
229920001577
copolymer
Polymers
0.000
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1
125000004122
cyclic group
Chemical group
0.000
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1
238000010586
diagram
Methods
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1
125000002147
dimethylamino group
Chemical group
[H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H]
0.000
description
1
238000009826
distribution
Methods
0.000
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1
125000003438
dodecyl group
Chemical group
[H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])*
0.000
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1
238000001035
drying
Methods
0.000
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1
238000005516
engineering process
Methods
0.000
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1
150000002148
esters
Chemical class
0.000
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1
125000001301
ethoxy group
Chemical group
[H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O*
0.000
description
1
125000003754
ethoxycarbonyl group
Chemical group
C(=O)(OCC)*
0.000
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1
238000011156
evaluation
Methods
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1
230000001747
exhibiting effect
Effects
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1
239000007850
fluorescent dye
Substances
0.000
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1
NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
fluoromethane
Chemical compound
FC
NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
239000011521
glass
Substances
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150000004676
glycans
Chemical class
0.000
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1
230000012010
growth
Effects
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1
101150003862
grsA gene
Proteins
0.000
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1
ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
hydrogen thiocyanate
Natural products
SC#N
ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O
hydron;quinoline
Chemical compound
[NH+]1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21
SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O
0.000
description
1
150000002460
imidazoles
Chemical class
0.000
description
1
230000006872
improvement
Effects
0.000
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1
238000011065
in-situ storage
Methods
0.000
description
1
238000011835
investigation
Methods
0.000
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1
125000002346
iodo group
Chemical group
I*
0.000
description
1
125000003253
isopropoxy group
Chemical group
[H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H]
0.000
description
1
125000001449
isopropyl group
Chemical group
[H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H]
0.000
description
1
230000031700
light absorption
Effects
0.000
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1
208000013469
light sensitivity
Diseases
0.000
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1
239000000314
lubricant
Substances
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1
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maintenance of location
Effects
0.000
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1
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matting agent
Substances
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1
238000005649
metathesis reaction
Methods
0.000
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1
125000001434
methanylylidene group
Chemical group
[H]C#[*]
0.000
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1
125000002496
methyl group
Chemical group
[H]C([H])([H])*
0.000
description
1
JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
methyl sulfate(1-)
Chemical compound
COS([O-])(=O)=O
JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
0.000
description
1
125000002816
methylsulfanyl group
Chemical group
[H]C([H])([H])S[*]
0.000
description
1
238000013508
migration
Methods
0.000
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1
230000005012
migration
Effects
0.000
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1
125000004573
morpholin-4-yl group
Chemical group
N1(CCOCC1)*
0.000
description
1
WAHWCUPSBZVYPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
n,n-diethylethanamine;sodium
Chemical compound
[Na].CCN(CC)CC
WAHWCUPSBZVYPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
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1
239000000025
natural resin
Substances
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1
229910017464
nitrogen compound
Inorganic materials
0.000
description
1
QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
octadecanoic acid
Chemical compound
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
octadecanoic acid
Natural products
CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O
OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
125000002347
octyl group
Chemical group
[H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H]
0.000
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229920000620
organic polymer
Polymers
0.000
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1
VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
perchlorate
Inorganic materials
[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O
VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
0.000
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1
VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
perchloric acid
Chemical compound
OCl(=O)(=O)=O
VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
phenidone
Chemical compound
N1C(=O)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1
CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K
phosphate
Chemical compound
[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K
0.000
description
1
239000010452
phosphate
Substances
0.000
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1
229910052698
phosphorus
Inorganic materials
0.000
description
1
IJAPPYDYQCXOEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
phthalazin-1(2H)-one
Chemical compound
C1=CC=C2C(=O)NN=CC2=C1
IJAPPYDYQCXOEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
QWYZFXLSWMXLDM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
pinacyanol iodide
Chemical compound
[I-].C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CC)C1=CC=CC1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=[N+]1CC
QWYZFXLSWMXLDM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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1
239000002985
plastic film
Substances
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229920006255
plastic film
Polymers
0.000
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1
229920001490
poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer
Polymers
0.000
description
1
229920003229
poly(methyl methacrylate)
Polymers
0.000
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1
229920002401
polyacrylamide
Polymers
0.000
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1
229920002239
polyacrylonitrile
Polymers
0.000
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Classifications
G—PHYSICS
G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
G03C5/17—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes using screens to intensify X-ray images
Description
L::
619309 S F Ref: 100090 FORM COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
FOR OFFICE USE: Class Int Class ,pt Complete Specification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority: Related Art: S. ft.
59 fl4 ft Name and Address of Applicant: Address for Service: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company 3M Center Saint Paul Minnesota 55101 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Spruson Ferguson, Patent Attorneys Level 33 St Martins Tower, 31 Market Street Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia Complete Specification for the invention entitled: Combination of Photosensitive Elements for use in Radiography The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us 5845/4 SABSTRACT OF DISCLOSURE Combination of photosensitive elements for use in radiography consisting of a pair of radiographic fluorescent screens and a double-side coated silver halide radiographic element. Each screen is arranged adjacent to each silver halide layer and each screen is capable of I imagewise emitting radiation to which the adjacent silver halide layer is sensitive when imagewise exposed to X radiation. The combination is characterized in that one fluorescent screen emits a first radiation in a first ooo wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum and the other fluorescent screen emits a second radiation in a second wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum, oV;. and each silver halide layer is substantially insensitive 1 0O0 *to the radiation emitted by the opposite screen.
1″ 00SO*
*A
-I IA- IP1007F393AU Combination of Photosensitive Elements for Use in Radiography FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a combination of photosensitive elements for use in radiography and, more in particular, to a combination of a fluorescent phosphor screen pair and a double-side coated silver halide radiographic element for use in industrial or medical radiography.
@6 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION ooIn radiography, and particularly in medical radiog- 0 raphy, light-sensitive elements having silver halide emulsion layers coated on both faces of a transparent support (called double-side coated silver halide elements) are used. Said double coated silver halide ele- ‘o ments are generally used in combination with fluorescent phosphor screens in order to reduce the X radiation exposure necessary to obtain the required image. Generally, one fluorescent phosphor screen is used in association with each silver halide emulsion layer of the double coated element. The silver halide emulsions used in the double coated element are sensitized to a region of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to the wave length of the light emitted by the phosphor materials used in the fluorescent phosphor screens, thus obtaining a significant amplification factor.
The quality of the image obtained upon X radiation exposure of said screen pair and double coated silver halide element combination and development of said double coated silver halide element is negatively affected by crossover exposure. Crossover exposure, which causes a 2 reduction in image sharpness, occurs in double coated silver halide elements when light emitted by one fluorescent phosphor screen passes through the adjacent silver halide emulsion layer and, the light having been spread by the support, imagewise exposes the silver halide emulsion layer on the opposite face of the support.
The crossover exposure causes poor definition even if light-sensitive elements are used which employ reduced silver halide coverages to lower the costs or increase the processing speed of the element. In fact, the decrease of the emulsion turbidity increases the amount of light available for crossover and therefore worsens the image.
To reduce the crossover exposure, dyes or pigments can be used within the radiographic element. The absorption of said dyes or pigments is in a region of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to the wavelength of j the light emitced by the fluorescent phosphor screens.
The dyes or pigments absorb some of the light emitted by Ij the fluorescent phosphor screen so that imaging of a sil- S ver halide emulsion layer by the opposite screen is rei duced by absorbance of the light from the opposite screen by the anticrossover dyes or pigments. These dyes or pigments are eliminated during the photographic developing, fixing and washing process of the exposed material; they can be for instance washed away or, more preferably, bleached while processing the radiographic element.
The dyes can be incorporated In any layer of the light-sensitive element: in the emulsion layer, in an intermediate layer between the emulsion and the base, or in the subbing layer of the support base. It is preferred to incorporate the dyes in a layer different from that containing the emulsion to avoid possible desensitization phenomena. Since 1978, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company has sold a radiographic element under the name of -3 3M Trimax TM Type XUD X-Ray Film to be used in combination with 3M Trimax TM Intensifying Screens. Such radiographic element comprises a transparent polyester base, each surface of which has a silver halide emulsion layer sensitized to the light emitted by the screens. Between the emulsion and the base is a gelatin layer containing water-soluble acid dyes, which dyes can be decolorized during processing and have an absorption in a region of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to the wavelength of the light emitted by the screens and of the spectral sensitivity of the emulsion. The dyes are anchored in the layer by means of a basic mordant consisting of polyvinylpyridine.
000006 In the practical solution of reducing the crossover exposure by using a mordanted dye layer (as described for 00 SO instance in the European Patent Application 101,295), some problems are created which up to now have not yet been solved properly. In fact, the improvement of image definition involves not only a natural decrease of the light-sensitive element sensitivity caused by the absorption of the transmitted light which otherwise would take •r part in the formation of a part of the image, but also the possibility of desensitization phenomena due to the migration of dye not firmly mordanted in the silver halide emulsion layer. There is also a problem with residual stain even after processing, the retention of significant quantities of thiosulfate from the fixing bath which causes image yellowing upon long-time storage on shelf, and lengthening of the drying times after processing because of element thickening.
Other approaches have been suggested to reduce crossover, as reported hereinafter.
US Patent 3,923,515 discloses a relatively lower speed silver halide emulsion between the support and a higher speed silver halide emulsion layer to reduce 4 4 crossover.
US Patent 4,639,411 discloses a photographic element, to be used with blue emitting intensifying screens,having reduced crossover, said element comprising coated on both sides of a transparent support a blue sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and, interposed between the support and the emulsion layer, a blue absorbing layer comprising bright yellow silver iodide grains of a specific crystal structure.
Japanese Patent Application 62-52546 discloses a f:ee: radiographic element of improved image quality comprising coated on both sides of a transparent support a light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and, interposed e.g between the support and the emulsion layer, a layer containing water insoluble metal salt particles having ade sorbed on their surface a dye. Said dye has a maximum absorption within the range of 20 nm of the maximum absorption of said silver halide and corresponds to the light emitted by intensifying screens. Silver halides are disclosed as preferred metal salt particles.
Japanese Patent Application 62-99748 discloses a radiographic element of improved image quality comprising coated on both sides of a transparent support a light- S. sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and, interposed between the support and the emulsion layer, a silver S* e halide emulsion layer having substantially no light-sensitivity.
The approaches of using light-insensitive silver halide layers as anticrossover layers interposed between the support and the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers, although preferred to using dyes or pigments, encounter some problems such as the increase of silver coverage and bad bleaching characteristics in photographic processing (residual stain).
The following are additional documents illustrating the state of the art.
BE 757,815 discloses a combination of a silver halide element and an intensifying screen comprising a fluorescent compound emitting light of wavelength less than 410 nm.
US 4,130,428 discloses a combination of two fluorescent screens and a double coated silver halide element wherein the maximum emission of the screens is in the wavelength range of 450-570 nm and silver halide layers are sensitive to light in the same wavelength range.
US 3,795,814, 4,070,583 and GB 2,119,396 disclose rare earth oxyhalide phosphors activated with terbium S and/or thulium employed in fluorescent screens having UV goose: emission.
FR 2,264,306 discloses a combination of a silver halide element and fluorescent screen comprising a rare earth activated rare earth oxyhalide phosphor having it c: ~maximum emission in the wavelength range of 400-500 nm.
EP 88,820 discloses a radiographic fluorescent screen comprising a first blue emitting phosphor layer and a second green emitting phosphor layer to be combined with a silver halide element having spectral sensitivity in the blue-green region (“ortho-type” elements).
JP 60175-000 discloses a combination of a double coated silver halide element and a screen pair wherein the fluorescent layers of the two screens have different wavelength region emissions and each screen comprises an organic dye to absorb the light emitted by the opposite screen.
EP 232,888 discloses a combination of a double coated silver halide element and a pair of front and back intensifying screens wherein said front and back screens, emitting light in the same wavelength region, have different modulation transfer factors to be used in low energy radiography.
S. 6S
A
6 US 4,480,024 discloses the combination of a silver halide photothermographic element and a rare-earth intensifying screen which are uniquely adapted to one another for the purpose of industrial radiographic imaging. The photothermographic element is dye-sensitized to the spectral emission of the screen and the cbmbination of screen and element has an amplification factor greater or equal to at least 50. According to this invention preferably a single screen is used in combination with a single-side coated photothermographic element or double screens with either single-side or a double-side coated photothermographic elements, the latter without any significant benefit and at increased cost of film.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a combination of a pair of radiographic fluorescent screens and a double coated silver halide radiographic element. Each screen is arranged adjacent to each silver halide layer and each screen is capable of imagewise emitting radiation to which the adjacent silver halide layer is sensitive when imagewise exposed to X radiation. The combination is characterized in that one fluorescent screen emits a first radiation in a first wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum and the other fluorescent screen emits a second radiation in a second wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and each silver halide layer is substantially insensitive to the radiation emitted by the opposite screen.
In particular, the present invention provides for a combination of a pair of front and back radiographic fluorescent screens and a double coated silver halide radiographic element, wherein the first radiation emitted by said front screen has a wavelength which differs from S S 0@ S 0@
S
S.
S.
S
0*0S *c S be S
S
OS S 00 r I i i rrr I -i in– i-
‘N
i 7 the second radiation emitted by said back screen by at least 50 nm, and each silver halide layer is substantially insensitive to the radiation emitted by the opposite screen.
More in particular, the present invention provides for a combination of a pair of front and back radiographic fluorescent screens and a double coated silver halide radiographic element, wherein said front screen comprises a non-actinic radiation, preferably green radiation, emitting phosphor and is arranged adjacent to a front silver halide layer comprising a silver halide emulsion spectrally sensitized to the light emitted by said front a screen, and said back screen comprises an actinic radiation, preferably UV radiation, emitting phosphor and is arranged adjacent to a back silver halide layer comprising a silver halide emulsion insensitized to the visually observable regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The combination of screen pair and double coated silver halide element for use in radiography according to the present invention provides images having superior image quality, particularly less crossover, as compared to conventional radiographic screen pair and double silver halide element combinations without causing negative .I effects, such as significant loss of sensitivity, residual stain, image instability upon storage, excessive element thickening and increased silver coverage. The combination may be used in industrial or medical radiography.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a radiographic element and screen pair combination of the present invention.
Figures 2 and 4 are graphs illustrating emission spectra of radiographic fluorescent screens of the -8 present invention.
Figures 3 and 5 are graphs illustrating spectral sensitivity of a double-side coated silver halide radiographic element of the present invention.
Figures 6 and 7 are graphs illustrating sharpness and granularity versus sensitivity of radiographic double coated silver halide element and screen pair combinations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION S e The present invention will be now described in detail.
O Figure 1 shows in greater detail a combination of tail •e .the screen pair and the double silver halide element of S this invention. The combination comprises three separate photosensitive elements: a double coated silver halide a radiographic element 10, a front screen 21 and a back screen S* •e As shown, the double coated silver halide radiographic element 10 comprises a support 11 and coated on r its opposite faces are the subbing layers 12 and 13. A front silver halide emulsion layer 15 is coated over the subbing layer 13 and a back silver halide emulsion layer 14 is coated over the subbing layer 12 on the opposite 0 face of the support. Protective layers 16 and 17 are coated over the silver halide emulsion layers 14 and respectively.
As shown, the front radiographic fluorescent screen 21 comprises a support 29, a reflective layer 27, a fluorescent phosphor layer 25 and a protective layer 23. Similarly, the back radiographic fluorescent screen 20 comprises a support 28, a reflective layer 26, a fluorescent phosphor layer 24 and a protective layer 22.
In practical use, the screen pair and the silver -9 halide element are compressed in a radiographic cassette with the front screen arranged adjacent and in close contact with the front silver halide emulsion layer and the back screen is arranged adjacent and in close contact with the back silver emulsion halide layer. Imagewise X radiation enters the screen pair and silver halide element combination through the front screen support 29 and reflective layer 27 and passes the front screen fluorescent phosphor layer 25. A portion of the X radiation is absorbed in the phosphor layer 25. The remaining X radiation passes through the protective layers 23 and 17. A small portion of the X radiation is absorbed in the front silver halide emulsion layer 15, thereby contributing directly to the formation of a latent image in said front silver halide emulsion layer 15. The major portion of the X radiation passes through the subbing layer 13, the sup- T oport 11 and the subbing layer 12. Again, a small portion S of the X radiation is absorbed in the back silver halide emulsion layer 14, thereby contributing directly to the formation of a latent image in said back silver halide emulsion layer 14. Again, the major portion of the X radiation passes through the protective layers 16 and 22 and is absorbed in the back fluorescent phosphor layer 24. The imagewise X radiation is principally absorbed in 24. The imagewise X radiation is principally absorbed in the fluorescent phosphor layers 24 and 25, thereby profo* ducing the emission of longer wavelength radiation. Ac- S. cording to the present invention, the first radiation S”emitted by the front fluorescent phosphor layer 25 exposes the adjacent front silver halide emulsion layer and the second radiation emitted by the back fluorescent phosphor layer 24 exposes the adjacent back silver halide emulsion layer 14. The silver halide emulsions are substantially insensitive to the radiation emitted by the opposite fluorescent phosphor layer. Said radiation emitted by a fluorescent phosphor layer passing to at least 10 some extent beyond the adjacent silver halide emulsion layer penetrates the subbing layers and the support tn expose the opposite silver halide emulsion layer. This fact, while increasing to some extent the speed of the screen pair and silver halide element combination, would have the effect of impairing the image sharpness by crossover exposure. The terms “actinic” and “non-actinic” radiation according to the presen invention are used to indicate, respectively, radiation of wavelenght shorter than 500 nm (Ultraviolet and blue radiation), preferably from 300 to less than 500 nm, and radiation of wavelength S from 500 nm upwards (green, red and Infrared radiation), S preferably from 500 to 1200 nm. The term “insensitive” as used herein, describes either primary or intrinsic insensitivity of the silver halide grain emulsion (or layer j including it) to a certain range of wavelengths, as defined, or secondary or induced insensitivity (or unreachability) of the silver halide emulsion (or layer including it) in the double silver halide element because
SOS.
of filter action excercised by a further emulsion layer or layers interposed between the considered “insensitive” layer and the radiation emitting screen or by filter dyes or agents included in the considered layer or in such interposed layers. Accordingly, the latent image formed by radiation (preferably comprised between 300 and 1200 “0 nm) exposure in each silver halide emulsion layer is primarily formed by exposure to the radiation emitted by the adjacent fluorescent phosphor layer, with no significant contribution by opposite screen. Preferably, the radiation exposure necessary to produce a Dmax of 1.0 on said front silver halide layer will produce a Dmax of less than 0.2 on the back silver halide emulsion layer under the same development conditions. Conversely, an exposure at the Xmax of the back layer that produces a Dmax of will produce a Dmax of less than 0.2 on the front layer.
I S -11- The terms “front” and “back” in the present invention are used to distinguish the different elements of the unsymmetrical screen pair and double coated silver halide element combination not their position relating to exposing X radiation source. Accordingly, X radiation may enter the unsymmetrical screen pair and double-side coated silver halide element through either the front fluorescent phosphor screen or the back fluorescent phosphor screen.
The term “silver halide element” in the present invention includes both silver halide “photographic” elements which use liquid development to produce the final image and silver halide “photothermographic” elements, often referred to as “diy silver” elements, which do not S” use liquid development to produce the final image, as described thereinafter. In both photographic and photo- *thermographic silver halide elements, exposure of the silver halide to radiation produces small clusters of silver ions. The imagewise distribution of these clusters is known in the art as the latent image. This latent im-
SOS.
age generally is not visible by ordinary means and the L• light-sensitive element must be further processed in order to produce a visual image. This visual image is pro- S duced by the catalytic reduction of silver which is in catalytic proximity to the specks of the latent image.
The photographic silver halide element is preferably used in medical radiography and the photothermographic silver S: halide element is preferably used in industrial radiography.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a combination of photosensitive elements for use in radiography comprising two separate front and back X-ray fluorescent screens and a silver halide radiographic element comprising a support base and front and back silver halide emulsion layers each coated on one surface of said 12 support, wherein said front screen is arranged adjacent to said front silver halide layer and said back screen is arranged adjacent to said back silver halide layer, and wherein 1) said front screen comprises a first radiation emitting phosphor and said front silver halide layer comprises silver halide grains sensitive to said first radiation emitted by said front screen, and 2) said back screen comprises a second radiation emitting phosphor and said back silver halide layer comprises silver halide grains sensitive to said second radiation emitted by said back screen, characterized in that a) said first radiation emitted by said front screen S has a wavelength which differs from said second radiation ooooo S emitted by said back screen by at least 50 nm, b) said front silver halide emulsion layer is substantially insensitive to said second radiation emitted by said back screen, and c) said back silver halide emulsion layer is sub- @00e stantially insensitive to said first radiation emitted by said front screen, the difference in wavelength region of said first and second radiations and the insensitivity of each silver halide layer to radiation emitted by opposite screen being such to reduce crossover exposure of at least 10 percent when compared with a symmetrical combination of a pair of green ight emitting fluorescent screens and a double coated green sensitized silver halide emulsion radiographic element.
According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, in the combination of a pair of front and back radiographic fluorescent screens and a double coated silver halide radiographic element, said front screen comprises a non-actinic radiation, preferably green light, emitting i 13 phosphor and is arranged adjacent to a front silver halide layer comprising a silver halide emulsion spectrally sensitized to the radiation emitted by said front screen, and said back screen comprises an actinic radiation, preferably UV light, emitting phosphor and is arranged adjacent to a back silver halide layer comprising a silver halide emulsion insensitized to the visually observable regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (that is 410 to 750 nm).
Preferably, the phosphors used in the front fluorescent screens applied in the present invention emit radiation in the green or red region of the visible spectrum.
More preferably, said phosphors emit radiation in the green region of the visible spectrum. Most preferably, said phosphors emit radiation having more than about of its spectral emission above 480 nm and its maximum of emission in the wavelength range of 530-570 nm. Green emitting phosphors which may be used in the front fluorescent screens of the present invention include rare earth activated rare earth oxysulfide phosphors of at least one rare earth element selected from yttrium, lanthanum, gadolinium and lutetium, rare earth activated rare earth oxyhalide phosphors of the same rare earth elements, a phosphor composed of a borate of the above rare earth elements, a phosphor composed of a phosphate of the above rare earth elements and a phosphor composed of tantalate of the above rare earth elements. These rare earth green emitting phosphors have been extensively described in the patent literature, for example in US Patents 4,225,653, 3,418,246, 3,418,247, 3,725,704, 3,617,743, 3,974,389, 3,591,516, 3,607,770, 3,666,676, 3,795,814, 4,405,691, 4,311,487 and 4,387,141. These rare earth phosphors have a high X-ray stopping power and high efficiency of light emission when excited with X radiation and enable radiologists to use substantially lower X
I.
14 radiation dosage levels. Particularly suitable phosphors for use in the front fluorescent screens of the present invention are terbium or terbium-thulium activated rare earth oxysulfide phosphors represented by the general formula (I) (Lnl-a-b, Tba Tb)20 2 S
(I)
wherein Ln is at least one rare earth element selected from lanthanum, gadolinium and lutetium, and a and b are numbers such as to meet the conditions 0.0005 a 0.09 and 0 b S 0.01, respectively, and terbium or terbiumthulium activated rare earth oxysulfide phosphors represented by the general formula (II) S(Y-c-a-b’ Lnc Tb, Tb)22S (II) i S wherein Ln is at least one rare earth element selected from lanthanum, gadolinium and lutetium, and a, b and c are numbers such as to meet the conditions 0.0005 a 0.09, 0 5 b 5 0.01 and 0.65 5 c 5 0.95, respectively.
Figure 2 shows an emission spectrum of a front fluorescent screen comprising a fluorescent layer of (Gd 1 -0.
05 Tb0.
05 2 0 2 S phosphor as green emitting phosphor, expressed as fluorescence versus wavelengths (nm).
The front silver halide emulsion layer, to be arranged according to this invention adjacent to the front fluorescent screen, comprises silver halide grains which are optically sensitized to the spectral region of the IL, radiation emitted by the screens, preferably to a spectral region of an interval comprised within 25 nm from the wavelength of the maximum emission of the screen, more preferably within 15 nm, and most preferably within nm. The silver halide grains of the front silver sr r I ;r -i halide layer have adsorbed on their surface spectral sensitizing dyes that exhibit absorption maxima in the regions of the visible spectrum where the front fluorescent screen emits. Preferably,spectral sensitizing dyes according to this invention are those which exhibit J aggregates if adsorbed on the surface of the silver halide grains and a sharp absorption band (J-band) with a bathocromic shifting with respect to the absorption maximum of the free dye in aqueous solution. Spectral sensitizing dyes producing J aggregates are well known in the art, as illustrated by F. M. Hamer, Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds, John Wiley and Sons, 1964, Chapter XVII and by T. H. James, The Theory of the Photographic Process, 4th edition, Macmillan, 1977, Chapter 8.
SIn a preferred form, J-band exhibiting dyes are S* cyanine dyes. Such dyes comprise two basic heterocyclic nuclei joined by a linkage of methine groups. The heterocyclic nuclei preferably include fused benzene rings to enhance J aggregation.
The heterocyclic nuclei are preferably quinolinium, benzoxazolium, benzothiazolium, benzoselenazolium, benzimidazolium, naphthoxazolium, naphthothiazolium and naphthoselenazolium quaternary salts.
J-band type dyes preferably used in the present invention have the following general formula (III): R R R I 1 II3 i 4 I 2 0 R -N(-CH=CH) mC==CH-CH=)=N -R (III) (A )k (B wherein
Z
1 and Z 2 may be the same or different and each represents the elements necessary to complete a cyclic nucleus derived from basic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds such as oxazoline, oxazole, benzoxazole, the L A I -16naphthoxazoles naphth{2,1-djoxazole, naphth(2,3-d)oxazole, and naphth{1,2-d)oxazole), thiazoline, thiazole, benzothiazole, the naphthothiazoles naphtho{2,1-d)thiazole), the thiazoloquinolines thiazolo(4,5-b~quinoline), selenazoline, selenazole, benzoselenazole, the naphthoselenazoles naphtho{1,2-d~selenazole, 3H-indole 3,3-dimethyl3H-indole), the benzindoles 1,1-dimethylbenz-indole), imidazoline, imidazole, benzimidazole, the naphthimidazoles naphtht2,3-d}imidazole), pyridine, and quinoline, which nuclei may be substituetd on the ring by one or more of a wide variety of substituents such as hydroxy, the halogens 0 fluoro, bromo, chloro, and iodo), alkyl groups or substituted alkyl groups methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropsees* yl, butyl, octyl, dodecyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-sulfopropyl, carboxymethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, and trif luoromethyl) aryl too 0@ *ogroups or substituted aryl groups phenyl, 1naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 4-sulfophenyl, 3-carboxyphenyl, and 4-biphenyl), aralkyl groups benzyl and phenethyl), alkoxy gtoups methoxy, ethoxy, and isopropoxy), 0* aryloxy groups phenoxy and l-naphthoxy), alkylthio groups ethylthio and methylthio), arylthio groups phenylthio, p-tolythio, and 2-naphthylthio), methylenedioxy, cyano, 2-thienyl, styryl, amino or substituted amino groups anilino, dime thylani li no, diethylanilino, and morpholino), acyl groups acetyl and benzoyl), and sulfo groups, Rand Rcan be the same or different and represent alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkenyl groups, or aralkyl groups, with or without substituents, carboxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-sulfopropyl, 3-sulfobutyl, 4sulfobutyl, 2–nethoxyethyl, 2-sulfatoethyl, 3-thiosulfatoethyl, 2-phosphonoethyl, chiorophenyl, and bromophenyl), I. U 17
R
3 represents a hydrogen atom,
R
4 and R 5 can be the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, p and q are 0 or 1, except that both p and q preferably are not 1, m is 0 or 1 except that when m is 1 both p and q are 0 and at least one of Z and Z represents imidazoline, oxazoline, thiazoline, or selenazoline, A is an anionic group, B is a cationic group, and k and 1 may be 0 or 1, depending on whether ionic S substituents are present. Variants are, of course, possi- 0. ble in which R1 and R 3
R
2 and R 5 or R1 and R 2 together represent the atoms necessary to complete an alkylene bridge.
In the most preferred form of this invention, whereoin the phosphors of the front fluorescent screen are rare earth phosphors emitting in the green region of the visible spectrum, said optical sensitizing dyes adsorbed on said silver halide grains of the front silver halide layer are represented by the following general formula (IV): *see. R O R R eo 6 o10 /0 8 -CH=C-CH= (IV) I N+ (X )nl R N N R SI
R
11 R12 wherein
R
10 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms methyl, and ethyl),
R
6
R
7
R
8 and R 9 each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom chloro, bromo, iodo, and fluoro), a ip; hydroxy group, an alkoxy group methoxy and ethoxy), an amino group amino, methylamino, and dimethylamino), an acylamino group acetamido and propionamido), an acyloxy group acetoxy group), an alkoxycarbonyl group methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, and butoxycarbonyl), an alkyl group methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl), an alkoxycarbonylamino group ethoxycarbonylamino) or an aryl group phenyl and tolyl), or, together, R 6 and R 7 and, respectively, R8 and R9 can be the atoms necessary to complete a benzene ring (so that the heterocyclic nucleus results to be, for example, an a-naphthoxazole nucleus, a P-naphthoxazole or a P,P’- S naphthoxazole),
R
1 1 and R12 each represents an alkyl group (e.g.
methyl, propyl, and butyl), a hydroxyalkyl group 2hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxybutyl), an acetoxyalkyl group 2-acetoxyethyl and 4-acetoxybutyl), an alkoxyalkyl group 2-methoxyethyl and 3methoxypropyl), a carboxyl group containing alkyl group carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 4-carboxybutyl, and e** 2-(2-carboxyethoxy)-ethyl), a sulfo group containing alkyl group 2-sulfoethyl, 3-sulfopropyl, 4- sulfobutyl, 2-hydroxy3- sulfopropyl, 2-(3-sulfopropoxy)-propyl, p-sulfobenzyl, and p-sulfophenethyl), a benzyl group, a phenetyl group, a vinylmethyl group, and the like, X represents an acid anion a chloride, bromide, iodide, thiocyanate, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, perchlorate, and p-toluensulfonate ion), and n represents 1 or 2.
The alkyl groups included in said substituents R 6 61
R
7
R
8
R
9
R
10 and R 11 and, more particularly, the alkyl portions of said alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, hydroxyalkyl, acetoxyalkyl groups and of the alkyl groups associated with a carboxy or sulfo group each preferably contain from 1 to 12, more preferably s e 0 0 S 0 S S. S
S.
S S *0
S
S
OS
S. 1 19 from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the total number of carbon atoms included in said groups preferably being no more than The aryl groups included in said substituents R6′
R
7 Rg and R 9 each preferably contain from 6 to 18, more preferably from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, the total number of carbon atoms included in said groups arriving up to carbon atoms.
The following are specific examples of J-band sensitizing dyes belonging to those represented by the general formula (IV) above: Dye R10 R6 R7 R8 R9 R11 R12 X n A C2H 5 H 5-C1 H 5′-C1 (CH 2 3
S
3
(CH
2 3 SO3H 1
CII
B C 2
H
5 H 5-C1 H 5′-C 6 H5 (CH 2 3 SO3 (CH2) 2HSO3H 1 C CH 3 H 5-0CH 3 H 5′-0CH 3
C
2 H5 (CH 2 3
S
3 1 D C2H 5 6-CH 3 5-C1 H 5′-C1 (CH 2 4 0 3
(CH
2 3 0 3 H 1 E C2H 5 H 5-C1 H 5′-C1 C2H 5 C2HG I 2 Triethylamine salt Sodium salt Figure 3 shows the sensitivity spectrum of a front silver halide layer comprising silver bromoiodide grains comprising 2.3 mole percent iodide and having adsorbed on their surface the optical sensitizing dye A above, expressed as sensitivity versus wavelengths (nm).
Preferably, the phosphors used in the back fluorescent screens applied in the present invention emit radiation in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. More preferably, said phosphors emit radiation having more than about 80% of their spectral emission below 410 nm and their maximum of emission in the I 20 wavelength range of 300-360 nm. Ultraviolet emitting phosphors which may be used in the back fluorescent screens of the present invention include ultraviolet emitting phosphors known in the art such as lead or lanthanum activated barium sulfate phosphors, barium fluorohalide phosphors, lead activated barium silicate phosphors, gadolinium activated yttrium oxide phosphors, barium fluoride phosphors, alkali metal activated rare earth niobate or tantalate phosphors etc. Ultraviolet emitting phosphors are described for example in BE 703,998 and 757,815, in EP 202,875 and by Buchanan et al., J. Applied Physics, vol. 9, 4342-4347, 1968,and by Clapp and Ginther, J. of the Optical Soc. of America, vol. 37, 355-362, 1947. Particularly suitable ultraviolet emitting phosphors for use in the back fluorescent Sscreens of the present invention are those represented by the general formula (V) o (Y1-2/3x-1/3y’ Srx’ Liy) TaO 4 wherein x and y are numbers such as to meet the condi- -5 -4 tions 10 <5 x 1 and 10 4 y 0.1as described in EP 202,875.
Figure shows an emission spectrum of a back fluorescent screen comprising layer Sr, Li)TaO phosphor as ultraviolet emitting phosphor, expressed fluorescence versus wavelengths (nm).
'.The silver halide emulsion layer, arranged according to this invention adjacent the actinic light screen, comprises grains which are not optically sensitized but possess inherent spectral sensitivity known types photosensitive halides. Said conventional emulsions used photographic films ranges ia 21 blue region electromagnetic spectrum.
Figure 5 bromoiodide 2.3 percent mole iodide having no optical sensitizing dye adsorbed on their surface, wavelenghts (nm).
According present invention, non-actinic radiation (preferably green light) emitted by front imagewise exposes said screens. Part reaches opposite does crossover expose e those screen. The or I" undergoes absorption sensitized, rather than passing layer. This is due fact that good inherfees ent with wavelength below 500 nm strong scattering through dispersed particles go* above implies large amount exposure reduction attained pair double element combination preferably at least percent, more 20 comparison screens coated 22 radiographic element. Accordingly, image sharpness improved reducing using unique layers screens.
The light-sensitive double-side transparent polymeric base type commonly radiography, for instance polyester base, particular polyethylene terephthalate base.
In elements two surfaces support, unsensitized emulsion, may be similar different S* comprise elements, such chloride, iodide, chloro-bromide, chloro-bromo-iodide, bromide bromo-iodide, being particularly useful elements. have shapes, cubic, cctahedrical, tabular epitaxial growths; they generally mean sizes ranging from 0.1 3 Vm, 0.4 1.5 im. support total coverage comprised range about 6 grams per square meter. binding material 00 water-permeable hydrophilic colloid, S. gelatin, other colloids, gelatin derivatives, albumin, polyvinyl alcohols, alginates, Shydrolized cellulose esters, polymers, dextrans, polyacrylamides, acrylamide copolymers alkylacrylates can also alone gelatin.
As regards processes preparation use ingredients I 23 element, reference made Research Disclosure 18,431 published August 1979, wherein following chapters dealt deeper details: IA. Preparation, purification concentration methods emulsions.
IB. Emulsion types.
IC. Crystal chemical sensitization doping.
II. Stabilizers, antifogging antifolding agents.
IIA. Stabilizers>Download PDF in English
