AU622570B2

AU622570B2 – Ensiling composition
– Google Patents

AU622570B2 – Ensiling composition
– Google Patents
Ensiling composition

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Publication number
AU622570B2

AU622570B2
AU59941/90A
AU5994190A
AU622570B2
AU 622570 B2
AU622570 B2
AU 622570B2
AU 59941/90 A
AU59941/90 A
AU 59941/90A
AU 5994190 A
AU5994190 A
AU 5994190A
AU 622570 B2
AU622570 B2
AU 622570B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
composition
acid
substrate
formic acid
aqueous
Prior art date
1989-07-29
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Ceased

Application number
AU59941/90A
Other versions

AU5994190A
(en

Inventor
David Andrew Jackson
Edward Mcgee
David Andrew Parker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

BP Chemicals Ltd

Original Assignee
BP Chemicals Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1989-07-29
Filing date
1990-07-27
Publication date
1992-04-09

1989-07-29
Priority claimed from GB898917384A
external-priority
patent/GB8917384D0/en

1989-12-07
Priority claimed from GB898927678A
external-priority
patent/GB8927678D0/en

1990-07-27
Application filed by BP Chemicals Ltd
filed
Critical
BP Chemicals Ltd

1991-01-31
Publication of AU5994190A
publication
Critical
patent/AU5994190A/en

1992-04-09
Application granted
granted
Critical

1992-04-09
Publication of AU622570B2
publication
Critical
patent/AU622570B2/en

2010-07-27
Anticipated expiration
legal-status
Critical

Status
Ceased
legal-status
Critical
Current

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Classifications

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES

A23K—FODDER

A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs

A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder

A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging

Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS

Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC

Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS

Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products

Y10S426/807—Poultry or ruminant feed

Abstract

This invention relates to aqueous compositions suitable for ensiling substrates said composition comprising formic acid and octanoic acid. The composition may contain in addition other components such as propionic acid and ammonia to improve ease of handling. The feature of the invention is that octanoic acid, which when used alone, has no ensiling or fermentation activity, has enhanced ensiling activity when used in conjunction with formic acid and thus increases nutritionally desirable sugars in the ensiled product.

Description

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATI 5 7 FOR OFFICE USE Short Title: Int. Cl: Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification-Lodged: Accepted: Lapsed: Published: Priority: Related Art: TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT Name of Applicant: BP CHEMCIALS LIMITED Address of Applicant: Belgrave House, 76 Buckingham Palace Road, London SW1W OSU, ENGLAND Actual Inventor: David Andrew JACKSON; Edward MCGEE and David Andrew PARKER Address for Service: GRIFFITH HACK CO 71 YORK STREET SYDNEY NSW 2000 Complete Specification for the invention entitled: ENSILING COMPOSITION The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to us:- 04185-KY PJW/SMcL 2658A/SMcL Case 7312/7417(2) lA- ENSILING COMPOSITION The present invention relates to a composition for use in silage preparation which enables the enhancement of residual sugars during fermentation of silage.
0o Formic acid is well known to be an excellent silage additive.
0 O 5 The acid, usually at about 80%w/w concentration in aqueous solution, is usually applied on the substrate to be ensiled at the rate of about 2-4 litres per ton. At these levels lactic acid fermentation 00 o o o 0 occurs. In order to restrict the fermentation process and to 0 .0 enhance the residual sugar content of the ensiled substrate e.g.
grass, it is necessary to increase the application rate of formic acid (85%w/w) to about 6 litres per ton.
However, increasing formic acid in silage not only makes the 0o 0 silage less palatable to the animals but inevitably increases acidity of the silage thereby causing corrosion problems during 0o o storage etc. Moreover, formic acid has relat’vely low antimicrobial activity and hitherto this has been mitigated by the use of various quantities of sterilants such as e.g. formaldehyde.
It has now been found unexpectedly that a higher carboxylic o acid when used together with formic acid in appropriate proportions o 20 can mitigage these effects.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to an aqueous composition suitable for use as an ensiling agent comprising a combination of formic acid and octanoic acid.
The relative proportions of formic acid and octanoic acid in the composition are suitably such that for every 100% w/w of -n
IA-
I
2 aqueous solution of formic acid (containing 85% w/w formic acid) there is present suitably from 0.5-10% w/w, preferably from 2-8% w/w of octanoic acid.
The composition is most suitable for ensiling substrates and is preferably applied to the substrate in an amount ranging from 0.35 to 0.9% w/w, most preferably from 0.4-0.7% w/w of the substrate.
Preferably, the aqueous composition conzains 10-50% w/w of water.
The compositions of the present invention may contain in addition other components including propionic acid and ammonia depending upon the activity desired. For instance in a formulation containing both these additional components, formic acid and octanoic acid, the ratio of propionic acid to octanoic acid is suitably at least 2 1 w/w, preferably from 3 1 to 5 1 w/w; and the molar ratio of formic acid to ammonia in said composition suitably is at least 4 1, preferably from 4 1 to 8 1, typically 6 1.
SThus a typical composition of this type may contain 75.7% w/w of an aqueous solution of formic acid (corresponding to 64.345%w/w actual formic acid), 10.0% w/w propionic acid, 2.0% w/w octanoic S 20 acid and 12.3% w/w aqueous ammonia. (corresponding to 4.06% w/w actual ammonia).
The composition may be applied to the substrate either by direct mixing of the harvested substrate with the ensiling formulation or by impregnating a particulate and porous carrier material such as pumice, vermiculite, perlite dried beet pulp or dried citrus pulp with the formulation and then uniformly distributing the impregnated carrier into the substrate to be ensiled.
Thus, according to a further embodiment the present invention is a process for ensiling substrates as hereinafter defined, said substrate being treated with an aqueous composition by mixing said composition comprising a mixture of formic acid and octanoic acid thoroughly with the substrate to be ensiled.
By the term “substrate” is meant here and throughout the specification grass, agricultrual crops and whole plant materials 2 3 used in preparing animal feedstuffs such as grass, lucerne, alpha alpha, barley, wheat, oats, rye, maize, rice, hay, silage, tick beans, soya beans, sunflower seed, rape seed, groundnuts.
A feature of the invention is the synergistic effect observed by using a combination of these acids whereby the C 8 acid not only aids inhibition of the rapid fermentation induced by relatively low levels of formic acid so as to reduce levels of lactic acid formed and enhance residual sugars in the ensiled substrate but also confers a preservative antimicrobial effect on the substrate treated.
Moreover, the level of formic acid addition can be reduced in spite of the C 8 acid which, when used alone, has little or no known ensiling or fermentation activity.
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to 15 the following example and accompanying graph.
°Example 1 o ?The experiments reported below were designed to compare he o o effect of formic acid (85%w/w aqueous solution) applied at 1,3,5 o o and 7 litres/t, alone and (ii) as a blend thereof with octanoic acid on the biochemicals changes occurring during the ensilage of lucerne (Medicago sativa).
The residual sugars (water soluble carbohydrates) found in the o° o silage after 100 days peaked at the application rate of 5 litres/t.
o< At these levels fermentation of the silage was clearly restricted and the inclusion of octanoic acid increased the efficacy of S" the additive. This is graphically shown in Figure 1. Examples 3 and 4 (Laboratory Scale): During the natural fermentation process of ensilage, the desirable sugars found in grass are converted to undesirable lactic 0o 0 30 acid by the epiphytic microflora. This results in the production of 0 00 a forage that is deficient in the desirable sugars and therefore the efficiency of utilisation by the animal is reduced. The formulations of the present invention were developed specifically to suppress this natural fermentation process and therefore enable these feedstuffs to retain many of the nutritional advantages of 3- I' I -4fresh grass feed. The following Examples 2, 3 and 4 demonstrate this effect. In these Examples the ensiling formulation used contained: Aqueous formic acid 75.7%w/w (64.345%w/w actual formic acid) Propionic acid 10.0%w/w Octanoic acid Aqueous ammonia 12.3%w/w (4.06%w/w actual ammonia). Example 2 (Farm Trial): The st-.dy was carried out on a dairy farm. A total of 1300 tonnes of grass was ensiled on 3rd July, 1989 with approximately 500 tonnes treated with the formulations specified above at 6 litres/tonne level by thoroughly mixing the formulation with the chopped grass as it was being harvested. The remainder was left untreated. In both cases the grass was stored 15 under substantially anaerobic conditions for 50 days. Thereafter the ensiled samples were analysed for standard nutritional parameters using the techniques described in "The Analysis of Agricultural Materials", Ministry of Agriculture Food and Fisheries, RB 427, 2nd Edition, published in 1981 by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. The appropriate pages relevant for the specific analyses are indicated, where applicable, in the Tables below: Results q 0 ae o 4 i 4 0 S440 40 4 0a *ss 4 t t t 1 1 s a 4 4 1 400 I 04 TREATED* Dry Matter 39.3 pH 4.4 Ammonia N as Total N 5 Crude Protein 15.5 Mad Fibre 53.6 30 Ash 7.9 Sugars 20.5 Digestibility (estimate) 58 Lactic acid 0.96 According to the invention. The formulations of the present UNTREATED 35.2 4.1 5 12.9 55.9 7.6 6.3 63 8.03 PAGE REF 74 87 Steam distillation 130 82 16 36 204 invention restricted the 4 ~tR~,nr- I, rm i I~ IIIIIIU(~sC 5 natural fermentation process producing a forage high in residual sugar and low in fermentation products e.g. lactic acid. The following Examples 3 and 4 were carried out in a laboratory. Fresh grass was ensiled in mini silos (5kg) by mixing the grass in chopped form with the formulations referred to above using commercial mixing equipment. The mixture was ensiled in anaerobically sealed containers for 80 days under ambient conditions. The container was then opened and the contents sampled for analysis as previously stated in Example 2 above. Examole 3 Results TREATED* UNTREATED PAGE REF I i Si 1 s Dry Matter 22.4 21.8 74 pH 4.8 4.0 87 Ammonia N as Total N 10 10 Steam distillat Crude Protein 14.2 13.6 130 Mad Fibre 58.0 53.1 82 Ash 12.5 13.1 16 Sugars 13.5 1.4 36 Digestibility (estimate) 54 56 Lactic acid 0.00 7.56 204 According to the invention. The formulations according to the invention restricted the natural fermentation process producing a forage high in res ;al sugar and no detectable fermentation products (lactic acid). Example 4 Results ion Dry Matter pH Ammonia N as Total N Crude Protein Mad Fibre Ash Sugars TREATED* 32.0 4.2 7 19.9 51.3 18.5 6.1 UNTREATED 32.1 4.1 7 19.0 49.8 18.0 2.0 PAGE REF 74 87 Steam distillation 130 82 16 36 5 I WWANWWIWM ,IL. u er 6 TREATED* UNTREATED PAGE REF Digestibility (estimate) 52 53 Lactic acid 3.55 5.86 204 According to the invention. The formulations according to the present invention restricted the natural fermentation process producing a forage high in residual sugar and low in fermentation products e.g. lactic acid. 2 6 Claims (7) 1. An aqueous composition suitable for use as an ensiling agent comprising a combination of formic acid and octanoic acid. 2. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the aqueous ie4ai'n 1 "a has from 10 to 50%w/w of water. 3. A composition according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein said composition contains 0.5-10%w/w of octanoic acid per 100%w/w of aqueous formic acid (containing 85%w/w of formic acid). S4. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein said composition comprises formic acid, propionic acid, octanoic acid and ammonia. A composition according to Claim 4 wherein the ratio of propionic acid to octanoic acid is at least 2:1 w/w; and the mole S.ratio of formic acid to ammonia is at least 4:1. 6. A composition according to Claim 4 or 5 wherein the composition comprises: aqueous formic acid 75.7%w/w (64.345%w/w actual formic acid) propionic acid 10.0%w/w octanoic acid 2.0%w/w and aqueous ammonia 12.3%w/w (4.06%w/w actual ammonia). 6 1 20 7. A process for edsiling a substrate with a composition according o a c-Oc; v s( to any one of the preceding Claims wherein said fremulatio is applied to the substrate by impregnating a porous particulate carrier material with the composition and uniformly distributing the impregnated carrier in the substrate to be ensiled. 8. A process for ensiling a substrate according to Claim 7 wherein 4 R 7 -8- the carrier material is selected from pumice, vermiculite, perlite, dried beet pulp and dried citrus pulp. 9. A process for ensiling a substrate with a composition according to any one of the preceding Claims 1-6 wherein said substrate is treated with the aqueous composition by mixing said composition throughly with the substrate to be ensiled. A process according to Claim 7, 8 or 9 wherein the substrate is a whole plant material selected from one or more of grass, lucerne, alpha alpha, maize, rice, hay, silage, tick beans, soya beans, sunflower seed, rape seed and groundnuts. 11. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 substantially as herein described with reference to any non- comparative example. S12. A process as claimed in Claim 9 substantially as herein described with reference to any non- ,I 'comparative example. DATED this 27th day of July 1990 too BP CHEMICALS LIMITED By their Patent Attorneys GRIFFITH HACK CO. 6£ 4 I 4, 1 1 s A 8 AU59941/90A 1989-07-29 1990-07-27 Ensiling composition Ceased AU622570B2 (en) Applications Claiming Priority (4) Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title GB8917384 1989-07-29 GB898917384A GB8917384D0 (en) 1989-07-29 1989-07-29 Controlled fermentation of silage GB8927678 1989-12-07 GB898927678A GB8927678D0 (en) 1989-12-07 1989-12-07 Controlled fermenation of silage Publications (2) Publication Number Publication Date AU5994190A AU5994190A (en) 1991-01-31 AU622570B2 true AU622570B2 (en) 1992-04-09 Family ID=26295676 Family Applications (1) Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date AU59941/90A Ceased AU622570B2 (en) 1989-07-29 1990-07-27 Ensiling composition Country Status (15) Country Link US (1) US5082675A (en) EP (1) EP0411827B1 (en) JP (1) JP2549455B2 (en) AT (1) ATE98439T1 (en) AU (1) AU622570B2 (en) CA (1) CA2021973A1 (en) DE (1) DE69005224T2 (en) DK (1) DK0411827T3 (en) ES (1) ES2062381T3 (en) FI (1) FI903761A0 (en) IE (1) IE64425B1 (en) NO (1) NO178251C (en) NZ (1) NZ234670A (en) PL (1) PL164652B1 (en) PT (1) PT94824B (en) Families Citing this family (17) * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title KR950010400B1 (en) * 1990-08-16 1995-09-16 삼성전자주식회사 Control method for fermentation and preservation of the kimchi refrigerator DE19531782A1 (en) * 1995-08-30 1997-03-06 Basf Ag Free-flowing granules based on organic acids, process for their preparation and their use DE19534490A1 (en) * 1995-09-18 1997-03-20 Basf Ag Aqueous solutions of formic acid, propionic acid and ammonia and their use DE19719412A1 (en) * 1997-03-21 1998-09-24 Basf Ag Solutions from propionic acid, ammonia, propanediol and water and their use SI0969738T1 (en) * 1997-03-21 2003-12-31 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Propionic acid, ammonia, propanediol and water solutions and the use thereof FI108700B (en) * 1997-06-18 2002-03-15 Kemira Chemicals Oy Formic acid solution with reduced corrosive effect GB9713112D0 (en) * 1997-06-20 1997-08-27 Verdugt Bv Support for acids and salts NO307591B1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2000-05-02 Norsk Hydro As Aqueous preservative AUPQ248399A0 (en) * 1999-08-27 1999-09-16 Global Spill Control Pty. Limited Plant and product treatment AU772410B2 (en) * 1999-08-27 2004-04-29 Global Spill Control Pty. Limited Plant and product treatment FI113003B (en) 2000-03-01 2004-02-27 Kemira Chemicals Oy Solid formic acid product US7115298B2 (en) * 2001-12-14 2006-10-03 Tropicana Products, Inc. Dried citrus peel supplement for use in commercial poultry feed JP4696189B2 (en) * 2003-06-20 2011-06-08 株式会社豊国プラントシステム Grain storage method and grain storage equipment DE502004008121D1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2008-11-06 Basf Se COATED PREPARATIONS, CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE HYDROFORMIAT US20110112010A1 (en) * 2008-02-15 2011-05-12 The Government of the United States of America, as represented by The National Institutes of Health Octanoic acid formulations and methods of treatment using the same CN106699544B (en) * 2015-11-12 2019-11-08 鲁昊 A kind of preparation method of propionic acid ammonium crystal and its pulvis US10426163B1 (en) 2019-01-07 2019-10-01 Falcon Lab, Llc Bactericidal method of using compounds of fatty acids and ammonium fatty acid salts Citations (3) * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title DE2019972A1 (en) * 1970-04-24 1971-11-04 Basf Ag Prewilting of forage plants GB1481961A (en) * 1974-03-13 1977-08-03 Bp Chem Int Ltd Preservation process US4220661A (en) * 1975-11-27 1980-09-02 Bp Chemicals Limited Preservative composition Family Cites Families (1) * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title NL185703C (en) * 1975-11-27 1990-07-02 Bp Chem Int Ltd METHOD FOR THE PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL FEED OR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. 1990 1990-07-23 US US07/557,398 patent/US5082675A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related 1990-07-25 CA CA002021973A patent/CA2021973A1/en not_active Abandoned 1990-07-26 ES ES90308186T patent/ES2062381T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime 1990-07-26 PT PT94824A patent/PT94824B/en not_active IP Right Cessation 1990-07-26 NO NO903325A patent/NO178251C/en unknown 1990-07-26 EP EP90308186A patent/EP0411827B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime 1990-07-26 AT AT90308186T patent/ATE98439T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation 1990-07-26 DK DK90308186.7T patent/DK0411827T3/en active 1990-07-26 DE DE90308186T patent/DE69005224T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related 1990-07-27 AU AU59941/90A patent/AU622570B2/en not_active Ceased 1990-07-27 PL PL90286244A patent/PL164652B1/en unknown 1990-07-27 JP JP2198087A patent/JP2549455B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime 1990-07-27 NZ NZ234670A patent/NZ234670A/en unknown 1990-07-27 FI FI903761A patent/FI903761A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation 1990-07-27 IE IE273190A patent/IE64425B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation Patent Citations (3) * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title DE2019972A1 (en) * 1970-04-24 1971-11-04 Basf Ag Prewilting of forage plants GB1481961A (en) * 1974-03-13 1977-08-03 Bp Chem Int Ltd Preservation process US4220661A (en) * 1975-11-27 1980-09-02 Bp Chemicals Limited Preservative composition Also Published As Publication number Publication date ES2062381T3 (en) 1994-12-16 PT94824B (en) 1997-03-31 DK0411827T3 (en) 1994-04-11 CA2021973A1 (en) 1991-01-30 NO903325L (en) 1991-01-30 EP0411827B1 (en) 1993-12-15 JP2549455B2 (en) 1996-10-30 PL164652B1 (en) 1994-08-31 IE64425B1 (en) 1995-08-09 ATE98439T1 (en) 1994-01-15 IE902731A1 (en) 1991-02-27 PL286244A1 (en) 1991-04-08 PT94824A (en) 1991-03-20 US5082675A (en) 1992-01-21 EP0411827A1 (en) 1991-02-06 JPH03191756A (en) 1991-08-21 AU5994190A (en) 1991-01-31 FI903761A0 (en) 1990-07-27 NO178251B (en) 1995-11-13 NO903325D0 (en) 1990-07-26 DE69005224T2 (en) 1994-03-31 NO178251C (en) 1996-02-21 NZ234670A (en) 1991-10-25 DE69005224D1 (en) 1994-01-27 Similar Documents Publication Publication Date Title AU622570B2 (en) 1992-04-09 Ensiling composition Salem et al. 1999 Intake, digestibility, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and growth by sheep given fresh, air-dried or polyethylene glycol-treated foliage of Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. RU2460314C2 (en) 2012-09-10 Means for silage Sibanda et al. 1997 The effect of level of inclusion of the legume Desmodium uncinatum and the use of molasses or ground maize as additives on the chemical composition of grass-and maize-legume silages Kennedy 1990 Comparison of the fermentation quality and nutritive value of sulphuric and formic acid‐treated silages fed to beef cattle Adesogan et al. 2004 Effect of applying formic acid, heterolactic bacteria or homolactic and heterolactic bacteria on the fermentation of bi‐crops of peas and wheat Aston et al. 1994 Milk production from grass silage diets: effects of silage characteristics and the amount of supplementary concentrate Song et al. 1989 Effect of ammoniated barley silage on ruminal fermentation, nitrogen supply to the small intestine, ruminal and whole tract digestion, and milk production of Holstein cows Kennedy et al. 1989 Evaluation studies in the development of a commercial bacterial inoculant as an additive for grass silage: 2. Responses in finishing cattle US4079150A (en) 1978-03-14 Ensiling agent for fodder plants and a method of fermentating fodder plants EP0246863A2 (en) 1987-11-25 Silage additive Tjandraatmadja et al. 1993 Effect of the inclusion of tropical tree legumes, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala, on the nutritive value of silages prepared from tropical grasses Schingoethe et al. 1980 Chemical composition of sunflower silage as influenced by additions of urea, dried whey and sodium hydroxide US3184314A (en) 1965-05-18 Method for the preservation of silage Kung Jr et al. 1989 Ammonia-treated alfalfa silage for lactating dairy cows Lines et al. 1996 Effect of ammoniation on the chemical composition of alfalfa hay baled with varying concentrations of moisture SK282001B6 (en) 2001-10-08 Aqueous solutions of formic acid, propionic acid and ammonia and their use to fodder conservation for farm animals Rajčáková et al. 2018 The effect of silage additives on quality of the mixture silages of maize and dendromass EP1545241B1 (en) 2007-08-01 Aqueous preservative VEIRA et al. 1980 Effects of physical form of corn and urea supplementation on the performance of male Holstein calves SU1414384A1 (en) 1988-08-07 Method of preserving green mass of plants SU1579496A1 (en) 1990-07-23 Agent for feed preserving Chaturvedi et al. 1998 Nutritive Value of Biologically Treated Mustard (Brassica compestris) Straw US6074685A (en) 2000-06-13 Cattle feed RU2147193C1 (en) 2000-04-10 Method of production of mixed feed premix
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