AU686352B2 - Creation of Inventions and Patents with Artificial Intelligence

AU686352B2 – Tubular adapter
– Google Patents

AU686352B2 – Tubular adapter
– Google Patents
Tubular adapter

Download PDF
Info

Publication number
AU686352B2

AU686352B2
AU20054/95A
AU2005495A
AU686352B2
AU 686352 B2
AU686352 B2
AU 686352B2
AU 20054/95 A
AU20054/95 A
AU 20054/95A
AU 2005495 A
AU2005495 A
AU 2005495A
AU 686352 B2
AU686352 B2
AU 686352B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
clamping
connecting sleeve
tubular
section
coupling
Prior art date
1994-05-30
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Ceased

Application number
AU20054/95A
Other versions

AU2005495A
(en

Inventor
Christian Hiemisch
Markus Holzapfel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Otto Bock Orthopadische Industrie KG

Original Assignee
Otto Bock Orthopadische Industrie KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1994-05-30
Filing date
1995-05-15
Publication date
1998-02-05

1995-05-15
Application filed by Otto Bock Orthopadische Industrie KG
filed
Critical
Otto Bock Orthopadische Industrie KG

1995-09-07
Assigned to Otto Bock Orthopaedische Industrie Besitz and Verwaltungs-Kommanditgesellschaft
reassignment
Otto Bock Orthopaedische Industrie Besitz and Verwaltungs-Kommanditgesellschaft
Amend patent request/document other than specification (104)
Assignors: Otto Bock Orthopaedische Industrie Besitz and Verwaltungs-Kommanditgesellschaft

1995-12-07
Publication of AU2005495A
publication
Critical
patent/AU2005495A/en

1998-02-05
Application granted
granted
Critical

1998-02-05
Publication of AU686352B2
publication
Critical
patent/AU686352B2/en

2015-05-15
Anticipated expiration
legal-status
Critical

Status
Ceased
legal-status
Critical
Current

Links

Espacenet

Global Dossier

Discuss

Classifications

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS

A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents

A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body

A61F2/76—Means for assembling, fitting or testing prostheses, e.g. for measuring or balancing, e.g. alignment means

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body

A61F2/30—Joints

A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof

A61F2002/30108—Shapes

A61F2002/30199—Three-dimensional shapes

A61F2002/30273—Three-dimensional shapes pyramidal

A61F2002/30276—Three-dimensional shapes pyramidal frustopyramidal

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body

A61F2/30—Joints

A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof

A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for

A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements

A61F2002/30331—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit

A61F2002/30354—Cylindrically-shaped protrusion and recess, e.g. cylinder of circular basis

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body

A61F2/30—Joints

A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof

A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements

A61F2002/30433—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using additional screws, bolts, dowels, rivets or washers e.g. connecting screws

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body

A61F2/30—Joints

A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof

A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements

A61F2002/30469—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using band clamps

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body

A61F2/30—Joints

A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof

A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements

A61F2002/30476—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism

A61F2002/30507—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism using a threaded locking member, e.g. a locking screw or a set screw

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body

A61F2002/5016—Prostheses not implantable in the body adjustable

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body

A61F2002/5081—Additional features

A61F2002/5083—Additional features modular

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 – A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof

A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 – A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof

A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements

A61F2220/0033—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementary-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 – A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof

A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements

A61F2220/0041—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using additional screws, bolts, dowels or rivets, e.g. connecting screws

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 – A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof

A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes

A61F2230/0086—Pyramidal, tetrahedral, or wedge-shaped

Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS

Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC

Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION

Y10T403/00—Joints and connections

Y10T403/70—Interfitted members

Y10T403/7062—Clamped members

Description

-1I- POK)O II Regulaitioni 3.2
AUSTRALIA
Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT
ORIGINAL
Name of Applicant: Actual Inventors: Address for service in Australia: Invention Title: OTT’O BOCK ORTHOPADISCHE INDUSTRIE, BESITZ- UND VE RWALTUNGS KOMMANDITGESELLSCHAFTr CHRISTIAN HIIEMISCH and MARKUS HOLZAPFEL CARTER SMITH BEADLE 2 Railway Parade Camberwell Victoria 3124 Australia TUBULAR ADAPTER The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to us -2- The invention relates to a tubular adapter for clamping connection with the end of a tubular part of a modular prosthesis, consisting of an axially slotted connecting sleeve, said sleeve being circumferentially clampable by means of a clamping bolt or the like and designed to receive the end of a tube, at one end of which slee e an annular coupling section abuts, said section having on its circumference equally spaced threaded holes, each to receive a coupling and adjusting bolt (clamping bolt) and having an endwise annular ball socket to engage a ball collar of an adjusting core, said socket, in the coupling position, extending on a projection shaped as a multi-surface pyramid into the clamping area of the clamping bolt. The section preferably has such four equally spaced threaded holes on its circumference.
An embodiment of this kind can be found in US Patent 3,659,294. Figures 3 and 4 in particflar indicate that the projection of the adjusting core is designed as a four-surface pyramid, mounted standing on its point and centered with respect to the ball collar. In the coupling position, this projection extends through the annular ball socket of the adapter into the vicinity of the clamping bolts, each of which contacts one of the pyramid surfaces approximately perpendicularly, and said bolts are therefore arranged with their axes at an acute angle to the crosssectional plane of the tube.
20 The clamping b lts perform the coupling between the adapter part and the adjusting core. At the same time, however, the clamping bolts serve for adjusting the central axis of the adjusting core with respect to the tube axis of the tubular opart. By loosening one clamping bolt and tightening the opposite clamping bolt, the adjusting core can be tilted with respect to the tubular adapter in a given 25 plane. By appropriate adjustment of the other two clamping bolts, located o opposite one another, pivoting can be performed in a second plane perpendicular to the first plane, with the ball collar of the adjusting core in each case sliding in the annular ball socket of the adapter part.
The tubular adapter is usually made of steel or titanium, while the tubular part is made of aluminum. In the known embodiment, each end of the tubular part is slid into a tubular adapter, with the connection being made in the form of a press 27 Ocober 1997 -3- Fit or a clamping connection. In the latter case, the tubular adapter is provided with a clamping strap that can be tightened by means of a bolt.
The goal of the invention is to improve the connection between the tubular adapter and the tubular part.
This goal is achieved according to the invention by virtue of the fact that the free end section of the connecting sleeve opposite the coupling section is provided with a plastic clamping cuff on its inner annular surface.
This invention is based on the following facts: By virtue of the clamping process, the tubular part is impacted at precisely the point at which the stresses 0 applied by the loading of the prosthesis are greatest. In addition, it has been found that in known embodiments, each alternation in load results in a relative movement between the connecting sleeve and the tubular part, damaging the aluminum tube.
On the other hand, according to the invention, clamping is no longer performed directly on the tube end but at a distance therefrom, so that the tube section located between the plastic clamping cuff and the coupling section can be subjected to elastic deformation. In the area of maximum relative movement between the connecting sleeve and the tube end, metallic contact between these Stwo parts is suppressed by the plastic clamping cuff. Dynamic bending tests have shown that the lifetime of these components is considerably prolonged as a result.
The drawing shows an embodiment of the invention that serves as an example.
Figure 1 shows a tubular adapter in a side view; and Figure 2 shows, on an enlarged scale, a lengthwise section through the tubular adapter according to Figure 1 with a tubular part inserted.
The figure shows a tubular adapter 1 composed of a connecting sleeve 2 and an annular coupling section 3 abutting one end of said sleeve. Figure 2 shows that connecting sleeve 2 serves to receive an inserted tube end 4.
Coupling section 3 has on its circumference four equally spaced threaded holes each to receive a coupling and adjusting bolt (clamping bolt) not shown in greater detail in the drawing, and, endwise, an annular ball socket 6 to receive a ball TJI-:JI,#17916 12 Mny 1995 rll -4collar of an adjusting core, not shown in greater detail in the drawing, said core extending in the coupling position on a projection designed as a multi-surface pyramid into the clamping area of the clamping bolts.
Connecting sleeve 2 is provided with an end section 7 at its end opposite coupling section 3, said section 7 surrounding a plastic clamping cuff 8 embedded in an annular groove 9 of end section 7. Plastic clamping cuff 8 can be placed loosely in annular groove 9. The dimensions of plastic clamping cuff 8 and/or annular groove 9 are chosen so that clamping takes place over the entire axial length of connecting sleeve 2, but especially over the axial length of plastic clamping cuff 8.
Connecting sleeve 2 has an axial slot 10 that merges with an unloading bore 11.
On both sides of axial slot 10, connecting sleeve 2 is provided with a tab 12, said tabs each having a bore 13, said bores being flush with one another, to receive a clamping bolt, not shown in greater detail.
TJ H:IL:#17906 12 May 1995 I -I

Claims (5)

1. A tubular adapter for clamping connection with the end of a tubular part of a modular prosthesis, consisting of an axially slotted connecting sleeve circumferentially clampable by a clamping bolt or the like and designed to receive tube end, with said sleeve abutted at one end by an annular coupling section, said section having on its circumference equally spaced threaded holes, with each hole intended to receive a coupling and adjusting bolt, and an annular ball socket provided endwise to abut a ball collar of an adjusting core, said collar, in the coupling position, extending on a projection shaped as a multi-surface pyramid into the clamping area of the clamping bolts, a free end section of connecting sleeve located opposite coupling section being provided on its inner annular surface with a plastic clamping cuff.

2. The tubular adapter according to Claim 1 wherein the plastic clamping cuff is made as a separate ring, embedded in a matching annular groove in end section of connecting sleeve.

3. The tubular adapter according to Claim 1 wherein the plastic clamping cuff is made in the form of an internal coating on connecting sleeve.

4. The tubular adapter according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 wherein the 20 axial length of plastic clamping cuff roughly corresponds to one-fifth of the axial length of connecting sleeve.

5. A tubular adapter substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to a a. the accompanying drawings. DATED this 27 October 1997 25 CARTER SMITH BEADLE Fellows Institute of Patent Attorneys of Australia Patent Attorneys for the Applicant: OTTO BOCK ORTHOPADISCHE INDUSTRIE BESITZ-UND o. VERWALTUNGS KOMMANDITGESELLSCHAFT o o 0 ^V o -L Abstract The invention relates to a tubular adapter for clamping connection with the end of a tubular part of a modular prosthesis, said adapter consisting of an axially slotted connecting sleeve circumferentially clampable by means of a clamping bolt or the like and intended to receive tube end with one end of said sleeve abutted by an annular coupling section preferably having on its circumference four equally spaced threaded holes each hole being designed to receive a coupling and adjusting bolt (clamping bolt) and having an annular ball socket (6) provided endwise to engage a ball collar of an adjusting core, said socket extending in the coupling position on a projection designed as a multi-surface pyramid into the clamping area of the clamping bolts. To improve the connection between the tubular adapter and the tubular part, it is 0** proposed according to the invention that free end section of connecting sleeve opposite coupling section be provided on its inner annular surface with a plastic clamping cuff S TJH:JL:#17O)6 12 May 1995 I I -e s

AU20054/95A
1994-05-30
1995-05-15
Tubular adapter

Ceased

AU686352B2
(en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title

DE9408804

1994-05-30

DE9408804U

DE9408804U1
(en)

1994-05-30
1994-05-30

Pipe adapter

Publications (2)

Publication Number
Publication Date

AU2005495A

AU2005495A
(en)

1995-12-07

AU686352B2
true

AU686352B2
(en)

1998-02-05

Family
ID=6909244
Family Applications (1)

Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date

AU20054/95A
Ceased

AU686352B2
(en)

1994-05-30
1995-05-15
Tubular adapter

Country Status (15)

Country
Link

US
(1)

US5571211A
(en)

EP
(1)

EP0694295B1
(en)

JP
(1)

JPH0898852A
(en)

CN
(1)

CN1115632A
(en)

AU
(1)

AU686352B2
(en)

CA
(1)

CA2149465C
(en)

CZ
(1)

CZ283642B6
(en)

DE
(2)

DE9408804U1
(en)

ES
(1)

ES2137393T3
(en)

HU
(1)

HUH3851A
(en)

PL
(1)

PL176552B1
(en)

RU
(1)

RU2109496C1
(en)

TR
(1)

TR28541A
(en)

UA
(1)

UA34465C2
(en)

ZA
(1)

ZA954362B
(en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

DE9408804U1
(en)

1994-05-30
1994-08-11
Bock Orthopaed Ind

Pipe adapter

EP0841043A3
(en)

1996-11-06
2000-04-12
Otto Bock Orthopädische Industrie Besitz- und Verwaltungs-Kommanditgesellschaft
Orthopaedic clamp connection

US6994732B2
(en)

2002-02-28
2006-02-07
Prosthetic Design, Inc.
Prosthetic annular coupling socket adaptor with adjustable clamp

US6972042B2
(en)

2003-08-28
2005-12-06
Ampu-Clamp Llc
Quick-release tube clamp for modular lower limb prosthetic systems and method thereof

DE102004019042B4
(en)

2004-04-16
2006-05-11
Rittal Gmbh & Co. Kg

Holder for a support arm system

DE102011112830B3
(en)

2011-09-12
2013-02-21
Medi Gmbh & Co. Kg

Prosthetic tube adapter

US9155635B2
(en)

2014-01-23
2015-10-13
Vladimir Radzinsky
Clamps for prosthetic limbs and methods of making clamps for prosthetic limbs

US20150202059A1
(en)

2014-01-23
2015-07-23
Vladimir Radzinsky
Clamps for prosthetic limbs and methods of making clamps for prosthetic limbs

EP3996623A1
(en)

2019-07-10
2022-05-18
Vascular Technology, Inc.
Graspable surgical device

CN113235742B
(en)

2021-05-28
2022-02-11
哈尔滨建创钢结构有限公司
False-twisting-prevention embedded bolt ball joint

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

US3659294A
(en)

1969-05-03
1972-05-02

Bock Orthopaed Ind

Adjustable link for prosthetic limb

US4676800A
(en)

1986-06-02
1987-06-30

Chen Sen J

Adjustable device for artificial limbs

WO1994004102A1
(en)

1992-08-12
1994-03-03

Ohio Willow Wood Company

Adjustable lower limb prosthesis and adjustment apparatus

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

US1579648A
(en)

1924-09-27
1926-04-06
Guiberson Corp
Tubing clamp

FR779037A
(en)

1933-12-19
1935-03-28
Juenin Hanger Ets

Interchangeable tip for artificial leg

DE1566404C3
(en)

1967-12-27
1974-07-11
Fa. Wilhelm Julius Teufel, 7000 Stuttgart

Adjustment element for installation in an artificial leg

FR2410998A1
(en)

1977-12-08
1979-07-06
Lebre Patrick
Tubular prosthesis adjusting mechanism – has wedge pieces and sliding plates with central locking screw fixed to coupling lug

DE3214772C1
(en)

1982-04-21
1983-08-11
Otto Bock, Orthopädische Industrie KG, 3428 Duderstadt

Pipe sleeve for receiving and fastening pipe skeleton parts of artificial limbs

FI87263C
(en)

1986-08-02
1992-12-10
Rasmussen Gmbh

Pipe coupling and method of manufacturing a fuse for a pipe coupling

US5443527A
(en)

1993-03-31
1995-08-22
Wilson Michael T
Prosthetic food and three-way ankle joint

DE9408804U1
(en)

1994-05-30
1994-08-11
Bock Orthopaed Ind

Pipe adapter

1994

1994-05-30
DE
DE9408804U
patent/DE9408804U1/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1995

1995-04-12
EP
EP95105497A
patent/EP0694295B1/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1995-04-12
ES
ES95105497T
patent/ES2137393T3/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1995-04-12
DE
DE59506514T
patent/DE59506514D1/en
not_active
Expired – Fee Related

1995-04-19
RU
RU95105883A
patent/RU2109496C1/en
active

1995-04-21
PL
PL95308290A
patent/PL176552B1/en
unknown

1995-04-28
JP
JP7105658A
patent/JPH0898852A/en
active
Pending

1995-05-11
US
US08/439,380
patent/US5571211A/en
not_active
Expired – Fee Related

1995-05-15
AU
AU20054/95A
patent/AU686352B2/en
not_active
Ceased

1995-05-16
UA
UA95058425A
patent/UA34465C2/en
unknown

1995-05-16
CA
CA002149465A
patent/CA2149465C/en
not_active
Expired – Fee Related

1995-05-17
CZ
CZ951274A
patent/CZ283642B6/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation

1995-05-18
TR
TR00585/95A
patent/TR28541A/en
unknown

1995-05-26
HU
HU9501539A
patent/HUH3851A/en
unknown

1995-05-29
ZA
ZA954362A
patent/ZA954362B/en
unknown

1995-05-30
CN
CN95105596A
patent/CN1115632A/en
active
Pending

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

US3659294A
(en)

1969-05-03
1972-05-02
Bock Orthopaed Ind
Adjustable link for prosthetic limb

US4676800A
(en)

1986-06-02
1987-06-30
Chen Sen J
Adjustable device for artificial limbs

WO1994004102A1
(en)

1992-08-12
1994-03-03
Ohio Willow Wood Company
Adjustable lower limb prosthesis and adjustment apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number
Publication date

JPH0898852A
(en)

1996-04-16

HUH3851A
(en)

1998-03-30

CZ127495A3
(en)

1995-12-13

PL176552B1
(en)

1999-06-30

CZ283642B6
(en)

1998-05-13

CA2149465A1
(en)

1995-12-01

UA34465C2
(en)

2001-03-15

CN1115632A
(en)

1996-01-31

PL308290A1
(en)

1995-12-11

EP0694295B1
(en)

1999-08-04

TR28541A
(en)

1996-10-02

ES2137393T3
(en)

1999-12-16

CA2149465C
(en)

2000-02-15

HU9501539D0
(en)

1995-07-28

EP0694295A2
(en)

1996-01-31

EP0694295A3
(en)

1996-02-07

DE9408804U1
(en)

1994-08-11

RU2109496C1
(en)

1998-04-27

US5571211A
(en)

1996-11-05

DE59506514D1
(en)

1999-09-09

AU2005495A
(en)

1995-12-07

ZA954362B
(en)

1996-02-05

Contact information