GB1568610A - Creation of Inventions and Patents with Artificial Intelligence

GB1568610A – Self-lighting smoking articles and a method of making same
– Google Patents

GB1568610A – Self-lighting smoking articles and a method of making same
– Google Patents
Self-lighting smoking articles and a method of making same

Download PDF
Info

Publication number
GB1568610A

GB1568610A
GB2733/77A
GB273377A
GB1568610A
GB 1568610 A
GB1568610 A
GB 1568610A
GB 2733/77 A
GB2733/77 A
GB 2733/77A
GB 273377 A
GB273377 A
GB 273377A
GB 1568610 A
GB1568610 A
GB 1568610A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
composite
smoking article
wrapper
lighting
rod
Prior art date
1976-01-26
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Expired

Application number
GB2733/77A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

CAPITANI F DE

Original Assignee
CAPITANI F DE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1976-01-26
Filing date
1977-01-24
Publication date
1980-06-04

1977-01-24
Application filed by CAPITANI F DE
filed
Critical
CAPITANI F DE

1980-06-04
Publication of GB1568610A
publication
Critical
patent/GB1568610A/en

Status
Expired
legal-status
Critical
Current

Links

Espacenet

Global Dossier

Discuss

Classifications

A—HUMAN NECESSITIES

A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS’ REQUISITES

A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES

A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes

A24D1/08—Cigars; Cigarettes with lighting means

Description

PATENT SPECIFICATION
( 11) 1 568 610 ( 21) Application No 2733/77 ( 22) Filed 24 Jan 1977 ( 19) ( 31) Convention Application No.
19 580 ( 32) Filed 26 Jan1976 in ‘ ( 33) Italy (IT) (gi ( 44) Complete Specification published 4 June 1980 ( 51) INT CL 3 A 24 D 1/08 ( 52) Index at acceptance A 2 C 2 B ( 54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO SELF-LIGHTING SMOKING ARTICLES AND A METHOD OF MAKING SAME ( 71) I, FRANCESCO DE CAPITANI, an Italian citizen, of 83 Corso Magento, Milan, Italy, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to self-lighting cigarettes, cigars or the like smoking articles and a method of making same, and is particularly concerned with a kind of smoking article including a rod-like core of tobacco, a combustible wrapper, usually of paper, enclosing the core and forming therewith a composite rod, and on the wrapper a lighting ring enclosing the fore end portion of the composite rod and ignitable by friction to light the tobacco without having recourse to other flame sources such as e.g matches, lighters or the like Usually the ring is at the rod end opposite to the possibly fitted filter tip, or at any rate opposite to the end which is held between the lips, and has a composition such that it is capable of being set alight, at least at a point in its contuor, by rubbing (like the tip of the usual match) same against a rough surface, the composition including a small amount of phosphor and such material as to ensure a quick spreading of combustion to the whole contour of said ring, thereby forming a narrow incandescent ring lasting for a time which is short but is of sufficient length to ignite the tobacco at said rod end.
Such self-lighting smoking article are already known in the art In particular, a cigarette fitted with a lighting ring of the above-described type is described and shown in U S patent specification No.
3,262,456, granted to me and including a comprehensive list of patents which practically represents the development of technology in the field of the present invention.
Reference is therefore made to those older patents for a more complete knowledge of the precedents, premises and final aims of this invention.
However such cigarettes, though enjoy 50 ing a widespread distribution, are not universally accepted, for various reasons One reason is their high cost, since recourse had to be made to materials whereof the cost substantially increased the manufactur 55 ing cost Another reason is that the lighting operation which must be performed by rubbing a certain point or narrow zone on a peripheral end portion of the cigarette, is somewhat difficult and requires some 60 skill and experience on the part of the smoker A further reasons is the need for special mechanical equipment for effecting the precise and accurate application of the lighting ring to the cigarette, or more pre 65 cisely to the thin-paper wrapper of the composite rod forming the cigarette and this is a particularly cogent reason in view of the high and even very high production speeds of cigarettes Such production 70 speeds by which extremely high production values are attained (of the order of many thousands of cigarettes, even with filter tips, per minute) have practically made impossible the corresponding introduction 75 of lighting rings owing to the difficulties encountered in attaining exact synchronism of the mechanisms and accurate positioning of the rings.
Moreover, in spite of the increasingly 80 improved technical solutions proposed, the required degree of efficiency has not yet been attained in practice by such lighting rings The prior art, inclusive of its most advanced development as disclosed in the 85 aforesaid U S patent specification No.
3,262,456 (wherefrom the present improvement is derived), has failed to solve conflicting technical problems which, briefly stated can be traced back to the need (a) 90 c 1568610 for ensuring an extremely quick spread of combustion from the initial point of narrow zone of ignition along and around the whole contour of the annular cigarette end (as required for the complete and uniform lighting of the tobacco), and (b) for maintaining the thus formed incandescent ring for a period of time sufficiently long (e g of an order of one second) to obtain a good priming for the combustion of the tobacco.
The above two requirements are obviously mutually contradictory; as a matter of fact, in view of the very small amounts of combustible and oxidising materials which can be tolerated in the lighting ring, when the compositions are such that a lively spread of flame is assured, they cannot provide the condition of incandescence for the required period of time Conversely, a composition which in very small amounts and cross-sections might be able to keep itself for a time in an incandescent state, would not provide the required quick spread of combustion.
The chief object of the invention is to provide a solution to the above-stated problem by the conception and development of a light ring by virtue of which both of the previously stated conflicting requirements can be substantially met.
According to the present invention I provide a self-lighting smoking article including a rod-like core of tobacco, a combustible wrapper enclosing the core and forming therewith a composite rod, and on the wrapper a lighting ring enclosing an end portion of the composite rod, wherein the lighting ring comprises a combustible carrier layer, and outer and inner coatings of combustible material respectively on opposite faces of the carrier layer, the inner coating engaging the wrapper and the outer coating being ignitable by friction whereupon the burning outer coating ignites both the carrier layer and the inner coating and the burning inner coating ignites both the wrapper and the core.
The present improvement besides meeting the aforesaid object, enables the provision of lighting rings in such shapes and under such conditions of production, as well as with amounts of material and compositions so small, as to render particularly inexpensive, and therefore acceptable, the production on an industrial scale of smoking articles fitted with individual lighting rings.
Additionally the present improvement permits recourse to technologies by which smoking articles, even when made at very high speeds, can be provided with individual lighting rings, such technologies being similar to those followed for the fitting of filter tips to cigarettes and even being simplified in respect thereof, i e.
technologies which are presently available and can be readily and directly adapted to the fitment of lighting rings.
Further according to the present inven 70 tion, I provide a method of manufacturing a self-lighting smoking article composed of a rod-like core of tobacco, a combustible wrapper enclosing the core and forming therewith a composite rod, and a lighting 75 ring on the wrapper enclosing an end portion of the composite rod, comprising forming coatings of combustible materials respectively on opposite faces of a combustible carrier layer to form a composite 80 layer whereof one of the coatings is ignitable by friction, cutting the composite layer into composite pieces, and wrapping the composite pieces around end portions of the composite rods so that the friction 85 ignitable coatings are outermost and the -inner coatings engage the wrappers of the rods.
A preferred smoking article including an individual lighting ring improved 90 according to the invention, is characterized in that it comprises a composite tube of tobacco and wrapper, a carrier tube (continuous or possible discontinuous) enclosing at least a major part of the contour of 95 the fore-end portion of the composite rod and made of a combustible sheet material, e.g paper, and outer and inner coatings on the carrier tube The outer coating has a predetermined axial dimension, in par 100 ticular of the order of a few millimeters, and is disposed adjacent to the fore or outer end of the carrier tube, being made of a composition which is flammable by rubbing (similar to compositions of which 105 the tips of conventional safety matches are made); thus the outer coating has a very small axial dimension e g of the order of 1-2 millimeters, and is capable of quickly spreading the flame created by rubbing 110 same at any point or zone thereof, across its whole contour Inside the carrier tube i.e between it and the end portion of the wrapper of the composite rod the inner coating is provided having an axial di 115 mension greater than that of outer coating e.g nearly similar to that of the carrier tube and made of a composition by which the combustion is more slowly spread, said inner coating being capable of forming a 120 ring of longer lasting embers.
The thickness of the outer coating is preferably about one half the thickness of the inner coating.
An embodiment of the invention will 125 now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig 1 is an enlarged perspective view of a self-lighting smoking article which in 130 1 568 610 cludes a typical cigarette having a lighting ring thereon, a section of the length of the article being broken away for convenience; Fig 2 is a fragmentary diagrammatic perspective view of the light ring of Fig.
1; Figs 1 and 2 are intentionally reproduced in a form essentially similar to that of corresponding Figs 1 and 2 of previously cited U S patent specification No.
3,262,456, to facilitate comparison and to point up peculiarities and advantages of the improved article over the relevant prior art;
Fig 3 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary -section taken on a radial plane of the cigarette’s end portion with the lighting ring fitted thereon; Fig 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the sequence of steps of the procedure which is envisaged for fitting the improved lighting ring to cigarettes while the cigarettes are being manufactured and finished; Fig 4 A, located adjacent to Fig 4 and graphically associated therewith, similarly represents the corresponding steps of a procedure currently followed in the industrial manufacture of filter cigarettes, to show the possibility of the utilization of already known means for the high-speed production of cigarettes according to the -invention; and Fig 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of a starting composite band material as utilized for the formation and application -of the lighting rings.
Referring firstly to Figs 1 to 3 inclusive, the improved self-light smoking article of this embodiment conventionally comprises an outer wrapper tube 10 made of the usual relatively slow-burning cigarette paper having a thickness ranging from 0.03 up to 0 05 mm (tobacco-based foil materials may be utilized in place of the paper when small cigars or the like are being manufactured and wherein tobacco rod 12 is enclosed Such composite rods wholly pertain to the already known technique and therefore they will not be further described Similarly, neither a filter which may be coaxially applied to the rear end 14 of the combustible composite rod or cigarette, nor the constitution of such a filter, are the concern of the invention.
The fore end portion 16 of the wrapper tube 10, wherein the outer end portion of the tobacco rod 12 is contained, is enclosed and wrapped-up throughout a given length L (see Fig 3) e g of the order of 3-5 mm, by a lighting ring which includes an uninterrupted or interrupted carrier tube 18 of thin cigarette paper, or preferably of cigarette filter paper, having a thickness ranging from 0 03 up to 0 04 mm.
To the opposed inner and outer faces of the tube 18 are applied thin coatings of compositions which are also combustible and have the functions specified hereinafter In a particularly preferred embodi 70 ment of the invention, said composite ring slightly protrudes, e g by 0 8 to 1 8 mm, from the fore end of tube 10.
The outer coating is a small annulus or narrow ring 20 of a priming composition 75 similar to that utilized for the tips of safety matches and containing potassium chlorate and bichromate, sulphur, and the required amount of a binder e g starch, and extends all around the fore end por 80 tion of the carrier tube 18, covering it over a small width preferably of the same order of magnitude as the projection L’ Said composition which can be set aflame by rubbing it against a phosphor-containing 85 surface is present in very small amounts on each cigarette, owing to said very restricted axial dimension or width of the ring 20 and to its very small thickness-not greater than 0 05-0 06 mm 90 The inner coating is a coating of an easily combustible but slow-burning composition 22 applied to the inner face of the carrier tube 18 and engaging the wrapper tube 10, such composition which is par 95 ticularly suitable for forming members consists of potassium chlorate and nitrate, a suitable binder (e g gum arabic), and a proportional amount of particles or fibrils of a vegetable material, preferably strongly 100 heat-treated (toasted) tobacco or ribs of tobacco leaves, whereby the conversion of the inner coating into embers is facilitated and occurs with a negligible development of fumes and gaseous exhalations Such 105 inner coatings is preferably thicker than the outer coating, e g 0 07-0 11 mm thick, and has a length L”=L+L’ to ensure good coverage of the composite rod 10, 12.
The action of the lighting ring is obvious 110 from Figs 2 and 3.
Assuming that the very lively and quickly spreading combustion of the composition of which the tiny outer coating ring is made, is started by rubbing the 115 outer coating at any point P of its contour, then the flame is very quickly spread in the axial direction A’ across the whole width L’ and in opposite perimetrical directions A, thus, forming a small fire 120 ring by which the composite-rod or cigarette end is surrounded Such lively combustion extends in a practically instantaneous manner through the entire thickness of the carrier tube 18, thereby igniting 125 the underlying fore portion of the inner combustible coating 22 Thus, in the fore portion L’ of the lighting ring a quick centripetal transmission of flame occurs, as diagrammatically shown by the arrows 130 1568610 B From that position, the combustion axially spreads in the direction C, i e over the entire contour of the lighting ring, as well as across the entire width or axial dimension L” of said inner coating 22, thus converting it into embers which light, by acting in the direction D, the underlying fore portion 16 of the composite rod 10, 12.
Since the composition of said inner coating 22 includes components particularly suitable for charring and for the transitory formation of embers, there occurs follow ing the formation of said tiny fire ring 20 the formation of a ring of embers lasting for a given time, said ring of embers surrounding the tobacco rod 12 and thoroughly lighting it around the entire contour and throughout a given portion of its length.
Such combustion is preferably stopped by the fact that a short rear length of the carrier tube 18, having a size L”‘ e g of the order of magnitude of 0 5-1 5 mm, does not cover the lively combustible inner coating 22 but is in direct contact with the wrapper tube 10 and is connected by adhesive thereto Once the lighting is performed-the performance does not entail any inhalation on the part of the smoker -the uniform and slow combustion of the cigarette can normally proceed both spontaneously and with the aid of inhalation.
The lighting ring as disclosed above, or an equivalent thereof, can easily be fitted to single cigarettes, operating at the same speeds as are usually attained in the filtercigarette manufacturing industry Summarizing now with reference to Fig 4, the already well-known technology involving the assocation of filters with cigarettes (or more correctly with semi-finished products consisting of two co-axial end-to-end composite rods) the semifinished cigarettes 30 are end to end and are advanced together at high speed in the direction S along with a band 32 of cigarette paper.
Simultaneously, a plug 34 of filter material is interposed between the axially spaced ends of the co-axial cigarettes Said band 32 is cut into short length which are wrapped around the filter material 34 and around short adjacent portions of the cigarettes 30, as indicated by 32 ” in said Fig 4 A Finally, the thus connected two cigarettes are cut as in 36, thereby obtaining the two finished filter cigarettes.
The lighting rings according to the invention are fitted in a wholly similar way, starting from a composite band N consisting of a paper carrier band 18 a which forms the carrier tube 18 The band 18 a is coated on one face with a narrow coating 20 a which forms the narrow priming ring 20, and is coated on its opposite face with a wider coating 22 a which forms the charring coating 22 to be converted into embers The pairs of cigarettes may abut, but are preferably slightly spaced apart axially to allow for the above-described 70 endwise projection of the lighting ring.
Spaced pairs of cigarettes are advanced concurrently with the band N which is cut into length N’ which are then wrapped around the end portions of the cigarettes, 75 indicated in N”, by means of advantageously simplified equipment and procedure similar to those usually utilised for the feeding, cutting and wrapping of a cigarette-paper band 32 by means of 80 which the filter tips are structurally combined with the’ cigarettes, as described above.
The cutting (as in 36 ‘ see Fig 5), being performed on the mid-line of the narrow 85 coating 20 a of the priming composition, may possibly be made safer, in view of the high flammability of said composition under strong mechanical stress and in particular on being struck, by subdividing said coat 90 ing 20 a into two narrow, parallel and slightly spaced apart strips, thereby leaving an intervening space so that the cutting blades act on the paper only, without interfering with the priming composition 95 Preferred compositions used for the formation of the narrow annular outer priming coating 20 and of the wider inner charring coating 22 designed to form embers are given below by way of example 100 only.
The outer annular coating for the formation of the fire ring: potassium chlorate 40-50 wt %; potassium bichromate: 3-10 wt %; sulphur 0 5-4 wt %; binder and 105 related solvent and diluent: 545-24 wt %, inert filler (calcium carbonate and’or magnesium carbonate, and/or kieselguhr):
2-12 wt %.
The inner annular coating for the for 110 mation of the ember ring: potassium chlorate: 30-40 wt %; potassium nitrate:
8-12 wt %; powdered heat-treated (toasted) tobacco: 8-12 wt %; binder and related solvent and diluent: 54-36 wt % 115

Claims (17)

WHAT I CLAIM IS: –

1 A self-lighting smoking article including a rod-like core of tobacco, a combustible wrapper enclosing the core and forming therewith a composite rod, and 120 on the wrapper a lighting ring enclosing an end portion of the composite rod, wherein the lighting ring comprises a combustible carrier layer, and outer and inner coatings of combustible material respec 125 tively on opposite faces of the carrier layer, the inner coating engaging the wrapper and the outer coating being ignitable by friction whereupon the burning outer coating ignites both the carrier layer and 130 1 568 610 the inner coating and the burning inner coating ignites both the wrapper and the core.

2 A smoking article according to claim 1, wherein the carrier layer has an uncoated inner end portion bonded to the wrapper.

3 A smoking article according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lighting ring on the wrapper has an outer end portion projecting axially beyond the adjacent end of the composite rod to facilitate ignition of the outer coating and passage of the flame from the burning outer coating through the carrier layer to the inner coating.

4 A smoking article according to claim 3, wherein the outer coating is confined to the projecting outer end portion of the carrier layer.

A smoking article according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a major portion of the axial length of the inner coating engages the wrapper of the composite rod.

6 A smoking article according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composite rod is cylindrical, and the carrier layer and the coatings are generally cylindrical.

7 A smoking article according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the material forming the outer casing produces mainly a flame, and the material forming the inner coating is capable of charring to produce mainly glowing embers

8 A smoking article according to claim 7, wherein the material forming the inner coating comprises a vegetable substance.

9 A smoking article according to claim 8, wherein said vegetable substance consists of particulate heat-treated tobacco capable of forming glowing embers with a negligible development of fumes and gaseous products.

A smoking article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio of the axial lengths of the inner and outer coatings is in the range 2:1 to 4:1, and the ratio of the thicknesses of the inner and outer coatings is in the range 1.2: 1 to 18: 1.

11 A smoking article according to claim 10, wherein the thickness of the outer coating is about one half the thickness of the inner coating.

12 A self-lighting smoking article substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.

13 A method of manufacturing a selflighting smoking article composed of a rod-like core of tobacco, a combustible wrapper enclosing the core and forming 60 therewith a composite rod, and a lighting ring on the wrapper enclosing an end portion of the composite rod, comprising forming coatings of combustible materials respectively on opposite faces of a com 65 bustible carrier layer to form a composite layer whereof one of the coatings is ignitable by friction, cutting the composite layer into composite pieces, and wrapping the composite pieces around end portions 70 of the composite rods so that the frictionignitable coatings are outermost and the inner coatings engage the wrappers of the rods.

14 A method according to claim 13, 75 wherein each composite piece is wrapped around a pair of adjacent end portions of a pair of co-axially disposed composite rods, and the wrapped composite piece is divided centrally to provide a pair of light 80 ing rings on the respective end portions.

A method according to claim 14, wherein the ends of the co-axial rods are axially spaced apart so that on dividing the wrapped composite piece the resulting 85 lighting rings project axially beyond the ends of their respective composite rods.

16 A method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the feeding of the pairs of composite rods and the composite layer, 90 the cutting of the composite layer, the wrapping of the composite pieces, and the dividing of the wrapped pieces are performed by a method and apparatus analogous to the existing method and appa 95 ratus used in the high-speed commercial manufacture of filter cigarettes.

17 A method of manufacturing a selflighting smoking article composed of a rod-like core of tobacco, a combustible 100 wrapper enclosing the core and forming therewith a composite rod, and a lighting ring on the wrapper enclosing an end portion of the composite rod substantially as hereinbefore described 105 18 A self-lighting smoking article whenever manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 13 to 17.
FITZPATRICKS, Chartered Patent Agents, 14-18 Cadogan Street, Glasgow, G 2 6 QW, and Warwick House, Warwick Court, London, WC 1 R 5 DJ.
Printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office by The Tweeddale Press Ltd, Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1980 Published at the Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC 2 A l AY, from which copies may be obtained

GB2733/77A
1976-01-26
1977-01-24
Self-lighting smoking articles and a method of making same

Expired

GB1568610A
(en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title

IT19580/76A

IT1054985B
(en)

1976-01-26
1976-01-26

CIGARETTES PERFECTION WITH INDIVIDUAL IGNITION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THEIR TRAINING

Publications (1)

Publication Number
Publication Date

GB1568610A
true

GB1568610A
(en)

1980-06-04

Family
ID=11159206
Family Applications (1)

Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date

GB2733/77A
Expired

GB1568610A
(en)

1976-01-26
1977-01-24
Self-lighting smoking articles and a method of making same

Country Status (9)

Country
Link

US
(2)

US4178945A
(en)

BE
(1)

BE850682A
(en)

CH
(1)

CH613100A5
(en)

DE
(1)

DE2702764A1
(en)

FR
(1)

FR2338660A1
(en)

GB
(1)

GB1568610A
(en)

IT
(1)

IT1054985B
(en)

NL
(1)

NL7700628A
(en)

SE
(1)

SE7700163L
(en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

CA1233088A
(en)

1984-07-17
1988-02-23
Natividad Gene Esparza
Self-igniting system for cigarettes

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

US1025001A
(en)

1910-11-26
1912-04-30
Abraham R Mann Jr
Cigar-lighter.

FR613029A
(en)

1925-11-11
1926-11-06

Improvements to self-igniting cigarettes

US1942899A
(en)

1931-05-22
1934-01-09
Panross Lab Inc
Self-lighting cigarette

US2200420A
(en)

1936-10-27
1940-05-14
Inv S Holding Corp
Machine for attaching ignition bands to cigarettes

FR1005072A
(en)

1947-05-30
1952-04-07

Self-igniting cigarette or similar

US2844152A
(en)

1953-03-18
1958-07-22
Capitani Francesco De
Cigarette with igniter element and method of making such cigarette

US3273568A
(en)

1965-08-04
1966-09-20
Jr Canio Di Carlo
Self-lighting cigarette

US3692030A
(en)

1970-05-27
1972-09-19
Kyu Bong Whang
Ignition tip for cigarettes

1976

1976-01-26
IT
IT19580/76A
patent/IT1054985B/en
active

1977

1977-01-10
SE
SE7700163A
patent/SE7700163L/en
unknown

1977-01-10
US
US05/760,768
patent/US4178945A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1977-01-17
CH
CH54477A
patent/CH613100A5/xx
not_active
IP Right Cessation

1977-01-21
NL
NL7700628A
patent/NL7700628A/en
unknown

1977-01-24
DE
DE19772702764
patent/DE2702764A1/en
not_active
Withdrawn

1977-01-24
GB
GB2733/77A
patent/GB1568610A/en
not_active
Expired

1977-01-24
BE
BE174320A
patent/BE850682A/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation

1977-01-25
FR
FR7701985A
patent/FR2338660A1/en
active
Granted

1979

1979-07-06
US
US06/055,634
patent/US4291710A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

Also Published As

Publication number
Publication date

NL7700628A
(en)

1977-07-28

SE7700163L
(en)

1977-07-27

IT1054985B
(en)

1981-11-30

US4178945A
(en)

1979-12-18

CH613100A5
(en)

1979-09-14

FR2338660B1
(en)

1982-07-02

FR2338660A1
(en)

1977-08-19

DE2702764A1
(en)

1977-07-28

BE850682A
(en)

1977-07-25

US4291710A
(en)

1981-09-29

Contact information