GB1577587A – Compositions for flameproofing plastics
– Google Patents
GB1577587A – Compositions for flameproofing plastics
– Google Patents
Compositions for flameproofing plastics
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Publication number
GB1577587A
GB1577587A
GB5101477A
GB5101477A
GB1577587A
GB 1577587 A
GB1577587 A
GB 1577587A
GB 5101477 A
GB5101477 A
GB 5101477A
GB 5101477 A
GB5101477 A
GB 5101477A
GB 1577587 A
GB1577587 A
GB 1577587A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
mixture
red phosphorus
phosphine
weight
composition
Prior art date
1976-12-09
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB5101477A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rhone Poulenc Industries SA
Original Assignee
Rhone Poulenc Industries SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1976-12-09
Filing date
1977-12-07
Publication date
1980-10-29
1977-12-07
Application filed by Rhone Poulenc Industries SA
filed
Critical
Rhone Poulenc Industries SA
1980-10-29
Publication of GB1577587A
publication
Critical
patent/GB1577587A/en
Status
Expired
legal-status
Critical
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Classifications
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
C08K9/10—Encapsulated ingredients
Abstract
The flame-retardant composition intended for use in plastics consists of 50 to 95 % by weight of red phosphorus powder coated with 5 to 50 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the mixture, of a saturated polyester which has a melting point of between 50 and 90 DEG C and a molecular mass lower than 10,000. These flame-retardant compositions do not give off toxic products when used with plastics intended for the manufacture of shaped articles.
Description
(54) ” COMPOSITION FOR FLAMEPROOFING PLASTICS ”
(71) We, RHONE-POULENC INDUS
TRIES, a French Body Corporate, of 22
Avenue Montaigne, 75 Paris, (8 eme)
France, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
The present invention relates to compositions for flameproofing plastics, which compositions are based on red phosphorus.
Numerous patents cover the use of phosphorus for the flameproofing of plastics; in fact, red phosphorus is a very good flameproofing agent. For a given effect, it is necessary to employ smaller amounts of phosphorus than, for example, of halogen derivatives.
Furthermore, the use of phosphorus gives better mechanical properties, and does not interfere with the electrical properties, of the plastics into which it is incorporated.
However, the use of phosphorus is limited by the dangers encountered, namely pollution hazards, and difficulties in using the material completely safely. In fact, the presence of traces of water in almost all polymers causes, during the heating required for processing these polymers, the formation of phosphine, which is very toxic and which ignites spontaneously in air.
Andreev and Kavtaradze have found that it is possible to oxidise phosphine in the presence of copper oxide (see Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.
1948 LX No. 7). However, copper oxide also oxidises the red phosphorus.
To overcome these disadvantages it has been proposed, (see French Patent No.
2,074,394), to incorporate into the thermoplastic, which may be reinforced with glass fibres, red phosphorus impregnated with a lactam containing 4 to 12 carbon atoms, for example caprolactarn, in a proportion of 1 to 20% relative to the weight of the polymer.
However, the essential disadvantage of this process is the hydroscopicity of the lactams, which is such that the presence of water in the mixture causes the formation of phosphine, which is very toxic and ignites spontaneously in air, especially at the tem- peratures at which the polymers are processed.
German Patent Specification No. 2,308,104 discloses thermoplastic compositions flameproofed with red phosphorus and containing metal oxides to prevent any evolution of phosphine during storage at ambient temperture. However, the addition of metal oxides is insufficient to prevent the evolution of phosphine produced at a high temperature.
Various products such as waxes and metal salts of fatty acids have been proposed for coating the particles of red phosphorus and insulating them from any contact with, in particular, copper oxide, thus reducing the evolution of phosphine. However, the presence of various coating agents can interfere with the mechanical properties of the shaped articles obtained from these compositions.
It is therefore necessary to find a simple means which allows red phosphorus to be used without any phosphine being evolved, especially when the plastics are intended for the production of shaped articles, and without deterioration of the mechanical properties of the articles.
It has now been found, according to the present invention, that this can substantially be achieved by using compositions (suitable for the flameproofing of plastics) which contain:
(a) from 50 to 95% by weight of red
phosphorus in the form of a powder,
generally having a mean particle size
not exceeding 200it, and
(b) from 5 to 50% by weight of a satu
rated thermoplastic polyester having a
melting point of at least 50″C but
below 100″C, generally from 50 to 90″C, and a molecular weight not ex
ceeding 10,000 and preferably from
500 to 2,000.
“Red phosphorus”, as used herein, means all the coloured allotropic varieties of phosphorus which are sold commercially under the name of red phosphorus, and which can contain up to, say, 3% of metal oxides or metal salts as stabilisers.
This red phosphorus must be in the form of a powder generally having a mean diameter not exceeding 200M. The use of particles of only a few microns in diameter makes it possible to flameproof spun articles for textile use.
The polyesters which are suitable according to the invention are well known, and are solid at ambient temperature and have a melting point of at least 500C but below 100″C, preferably from 50 to 90″C. The degree of polymerisation is low or medium, preferably corresponding to a molecular weight of from 500 to 2,000. These polyesters can be obtained by polycondensation of aliphatic diols with one or more aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids. Such polyesters are described in V. V. Korshak and S. V.
Vinogradova ” Polyesters ” Pergamon Press, 1965.
The composition according to the invention can be prepared simply by mixing the two components whilst cold and then heating the mixture to a temperature slightly above the melting point of the polyester. It is found that the polyester homogeneously coats the phosphorus particles.
The use of various polymers mixed with the polyesters described above is possible.
In particular, mixtures with phenolformaldehyde prepolycondensates of the
NOVOLAC type may be mentioned.
The polyesters can also be deposited on the surface of the phosphorus particles. For this purpose, it is possible to employ numerous encapsulation processes, such as those described in “Encyclopaedia od Polymer Science and Technology”, volume 8, page 179 et seq., Interscience Publishers.
These processes are essentially of a chemical or a physical nature. Amongst the commonest processes there may be mentioned coacervation in an aqueous phase or interfacial coacervation, precipitation in an organic phase by addition of a non-solvent, dry spraying, the use of a fluidised bed, interfacial polymerisation or polymerisation in situ in the vapour phase or in the moist phase, vacuum deposition and electrostatic deposition, as well as numerous other processes based on phase separation methods or interfacial reaction methods.
In order that the protection provided by the polyester shall be satisfactory, the amount employed must be from 5 and 50% by weight relative to the mixture of red phosphorus and polyester.
It is furthermore known that the addition of metal oxides or metal salts stabilises red phosphorus; red phosphorus sold commercially usually contains these additives. The addition of metal oxides, which makes it possible to reduce the possible evolution of phosphine, is permitted for the compositions of this invention. The metal oxides which give the best results are the oxides of copper, zinc, silver, iron, antimony, vanadium, tin, titanium, cadmium and magnesium, but the use of copper oxide and/or of cadmium oxide is preferred.
The amounts of metal oxide employed can vary in accordance with the amount of polyester used, in accordance with the conditions under which the synthetic resins are employed, as well as in accordance with the nature of these synthetic resins. Usually, up to 100% by weight, relative to the red phosphorus, of metal oxide can be used.
Very many synthetic polymers are used for obtaining shaped articles which more and more frequently have to be flameproofed.
Numerous compositions based on thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers or elastomers can be flameproofed using the compositions of this invention. Amongst the thermoplastic polymers there may be mentioned the polyolefines, such as high density or low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyfluoroethylenes and ethylenepropylene copolymers, the polyvinyl compounds such as polyvinyl chloride or vinyl chloride copolymers, the polyamides, such as polyhexamethylene adipamide, polycaprolactam, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polyundecanamide, polylauryllactam, polyhexamethylene a z e 1 a m i d e and polyhexamethylene dodecanediamide, the saturated polyesters such as poly(ethylene glycol terephthalate) or poly(butylene glycol terephthalate), the polyacetals, the polyacrylics, such as polymethyl methacrylate, the cellulosic esters, the polyurethanes or the polyamide-imides, the polystyrenes and the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers.
Amongst the thermosetting polymers there may be mentioned the phenolic resins, the aminoplasts, the unsaturated polyesters, the polyepoxides and the polyimides.
Various elastomers can also be flameproofed using the compositions according to the invention. As examples there may be mentioned natural or synthetic rubbers, silicones and polyurethane elastomers.
All these plastics, in particular when they are intended for producing shaped articles, are usually employed with various adjuvants, for example, reinforcing fillers such as glass fibres, fillers intended to impart specific characteristics to the shaped articles, or inert fillers such as kaolin or talc, antioxidants, various stabilisers, dyestuffs or pigments.
The flameproofing composition is usually used in an amount from 0.2 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the plastic to obtain a suitable flameproofed effect.
The use of encapsulated particles of red phosphorus offers numerous advantages amongst which there may be mentioned ease of handling before and during introduction into the polymer compositions, the reduction of the hazards of pollution during the preparation of the compounds and above all the absence of evolution of phosphine during processing, particularly when working at temperatures above 200″C.
In the Examples which follow and which further illustrate the present invention the polymer chosen for flameproofing was a polyamide 6-6, the moisture uptake of which is, with the exception of the cellulosics, amongst the highest exhibited by polymers and gives rise, on heating and in the presence of red phosphorus, to the greatest evolution of phosphine.
Example I
660g of a red phosphorus powder having a mean particle size of 20 to 30y are mixed with 400g of a poly(ethylene glycol sebacate) having a particle size of less than 500y, a molecular weight of about 3650, and a melting point of about 72″C. These powders are mixed intimately by agitation on rollers for 20 minutes. The mixture is then poured, to a thickness of about 1 cm, onto plates covered with aluminium foil. The material is placed in an oven at 120″C for 3 hours under a pressure of 30mm of mercury. Plates are obtained, which are broken into fragments of size between 300,a and 6mm. It is found that the broken edge does not liberate red phosphorus powder on rubbing and that the phosphorus particles have been coated.
The following composition is prepared by simple mixing in a mechanical mixer: 4,412.5g of poly(hexamethylene adipamide) having a mean molecular weight of 20,000 and a viscosity index, determined in accordance with Standard Specification ISO R 307, of 145, 12.5g of copper oxide and 575g of the mixture ob red phosphorus and polyester prepared above (mixture A).
This composition is mixed for 10 minutes at 16rpm and is then introduced into an extruder, and a strand is extruded.
A laboratory single-screw extruder, in which the screw has a length of 900mm and a diameter of 45mm, is used. This extruder is equipped with a cylindrical die having a diameter of 3.5mm. The barrel temperatures are as follows: 255″C at the material inlet, 270″C-275″C at the centre and 260″C at the die. The screw revolves at 45rpm, giving a flow rate of 15 kg/hour.
Throughout the operation, tests to detect the possible presence of phosphine is carried out, in different parts of the extruder, by means of a DRAEGER CH 31,101 tube.
Equally, attempts are made to detect phosphine when breaking the strand which has just been extruded and is still hot.
All these tests are negative.
Example 2
The procedure indicated in Example 1 is employed, but the following composition is prepared by mixing: 4,375g of a compound based on poly(hexamethylene adipamide) having a mean molecular weight of 20,000 and a viscosity index of 145, and containing 30 per cent. of glass fibres, 525g of mixture A and 100g of cadmium oxide.
This composition is mixed for 10 minutes at 16 rpm and then introduced into the extruder.
The same sampling of air by means of the
DRAEGER tube above the die, the feed hopper and the granulator, permit the absence of phosphine to be established.
Example 3
The procedure described in Example 1 is followed, but the 575g of the 60/40 mixture of red phosphorus and polyester are replaced by 575g of a 60/40 mixture of red phosphorus and polyester prepared as in
Example 1, but with a poly(ethylene glycol adipate) having a melting point of 65″C and a mean molecular weight of 2,000 (mixture B).
No evolution whatsoever of phosphine is observed.
Example 4
The procedure described in Example 2 is followed, but with 525g of mixture B.
The evolution of phosphine is less than 0.1 ppm.
Example 5
The procedure indicated in Example 1 is followed, but with a different charge, namely 4,495g of poly(hexamethylene adipamide), 492.5g of a 70/30 mixture of red phosphorus and poly(ethylene glycol sebacate) (mixture C) and 12.5g of copper oxide.
No evolution whatsoever of phosphine is observed.
Example 6
The procedure indicated in Example 1 is followed, with a charge of 4,450g of poly (hexamethylene adipamide) compound, 450g of mixture C and 100g of cadmium oxide.
No evolution whatsoever of phosphine is observed.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A flameproofing composition which comprises: (a) from 50 to 95% by weight of red phosphorus (as hereinbefore defined) in the form of a powder and (b) from 5 to 50% by weight of a saturated thermoplastic polyester having a melting point of at least
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (10)
**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. The flameproofing composition is usually used in an amount from 0.2 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the plastic to obtain a suitable flameproofed effect. The use of encapsulated particles of red phosphorus offers numerous advantages amongst which there may be mentioned ease of handling before and during introduction into the polymer compositions, the reduction of the hazards of pollution during the preparation of the compounds and above all the absence of evolution of phosphine during processing, particularly when working at temperatures above 200″C. In the Examples which follow and which further illustrate the present invention the polymer chosen for flameproofing was a polyamide 6-6, the moisture uptake of which is, with the exception of the cellulosics, amongst the highest exhibited by polymers and gives rise, on heating and in the presence of red phosphorus, to the greatest evolution of phosphine. Example I 660g of a red phosphorus powder having a mean particle size of 20 to 30y are mixed with 400g of a poly(ethylene glycol sebacate) having a particle size of less than 500y, a molecular weight of about 3650, and a melting point of about 72″C. These powders are mixed intimately by agitation on rollers for 20 minutes. The mixture is then poured, to a thickness of about 1 cm, onto plates covered with aluminium foil. The material is placed in an oven at 120″C for 3 hours under a pressure of 30mm of mercury. Plates are obtained, which are broken into fragments of size between 300,a and 6mm. It is found that the broken edge does not liberate red phosphorus powder on rubbing and that the phosphorus particles have been coated. The following composition is prepared by simple mixing in a mechanical mixer: 4,412.5g of poly(hexamethylene adipamide) having a mean molecular weight of 20,000 and a viscosity index, determined in accordance with Standard Specification ISO R 307, of 145, 12.5g of copper oxide and 575g of the mixture ob red phosphorus and polyester prepared above (mixture A). This composition is mixed for 10 minutes at 16rpm and is then introduced into an extruder, and a strand is extruded. A laboratory single-screw extruder, in which the screw has a length of 900mm and a diameter of 45mm, is used. This extruder is equipped with a cylindrical die having a diameter of 3.5mm. The barrel temperatures are as follows: 255″C at the material inlet, 270″C-275″C at the centre and 260″C at the die. The screw revolves at 45rpm, giving a flow rate of 15 kg/hour. Throughout the operation, tests to detect the possible presence of phosphine is carried out, in different parts of the extruder, by means of a DRAEGER CH 31,101 tube. Equally, attempts are made to detect phosphine when breaking the strand which has just been extruded and is still hot. All these tests are negative. Example 2 The procedure indicated in Example 1 is employed, but the following composition is prepared by mixing: 4,375g of a compound based on poly(hexamethylene adipamide) having a mean molecular weight of 20,000 and a viscosity index of 145, and containing 30 per cent. of glass fibres, 525g of mixture A and 100g of cadmium oxide. This composition is mixed for 10 minutes at 16 rpm and then introduced into the extruder. The same sampling of air by means of the DRAEGER tube above the die, the feed hopper and the granulator, permit the absence of phosphine to be established. Example 3 The procedure described in Example 1 is followed, but the 575g of the 60/40 mixture of red phosphorus and polyester are replaced by 575g of a 60/40 mixture of red phosphorus and polyester prepared as in Example 1, but with a poly(ethylene glycol adipate) having a melting point of 65″C and a mean molecular weight of 2,000 (mixture B). No evolution whatsoever of phosphine is observed. Example 4 The procedure described in Example 2 is followed, but with 525g of mixture B. The evolution of phosphine is less than 0.1 ppm. Example 5 The procedure indicated in Example 1 is followed, but with a different charge, namely 4,495g of poly(hexamethylene adipamide), 492.5g of a 70/30 mixture of red phosphorus and poly(ethylene glycol sebacate) (mixture C) and 12.5g of copper oxide. No evolution whatsoever of phosphine is observed. Example 6 The procedure indicated in Example 1 is followed, with a charge of 4,450g of poly (hexamethylene adipamide) compound, 450g of mixture C and 100g of cadmium oxide. No evolution whatsoever of phosphine is observed. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A flameproofing composition which comprises: (a) from 50 to 95% by weight of red phosphorus (as hereinbefore defined) in the form of a powder and (b) from 5 to 50% by weight of a saturated thermoplastic polyester having a melting point of at least
50 but below 100″C and a molecular weight not exceeding 10,000.
2. A composition according to claim 1 in which the polyester has a molecular weight from 500 to 2000.
3. A composition according to claim 1 or 2 in which the polyester has a melting point from 50 to 90″C.
4. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3 which also contains up to 100% by weight, based on the weight of the red phosphorus, of an oxide of copper, zinc, silver, iron, antimony, vanadium, tin, titanium, magnesium or cadmium.
5. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in which the phosphorus particles are coated with the polyester.
6. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in which the powder has a mean particle size not exceeding 200,u.
7. A composition according to claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described.
8. A plastics composition which comprises a plastics material and from 0.2 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the plastics material, of a flameproofing composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A composition according to claim 8 in the form of a shaped article.
10. A composition according to claim 8 substantially as hereinbefore described.
GB5101477A
1976-12-09
1977-12-07
Compositions for flameproofing plastics
Expired
GB1577587A
(en)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title
FR7637837A
FR2373575A1
(en)
1976-12-09
1976-12-09
COMPOSITIONS INTENDED FOR THE FLAME PROTECTION OF PLASTICS
Publications (1)
Publication Number
Publication Date
GB1577587A
true
GB1577587A
(en)
1980-10-29
Family
ID=9181102
Family Applications (1)
Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date
GB5101477A
Expired
GB1577587A
(en)
1976-12-09
1977-12-07
Compositions for flameproofing plastics
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JP
(1)
JPS6058253B2
(en)
AT
(1)
AT356387B
(en)
BE
(1)
BE861643A
(en)
BR
(1)
BR7708163A
(en)
CH
(1)
CH625815A5
(en)
DE
(1)
DE2754515C2
(en)
DK
(1)
DK148773C
(en)
ES
(1)
ES464867A1
(en)
FR
(1)
FR2373575A1
(en)
GB
(1)
GB1577587A
(en)
GR
(1)
GR62406B
(en)
IE
(1)
IE46179B1
(en)
IT
(1)
IT1090557B
(en)
LU
(1)
LU78648A1
(en)
NL
(1)
NL181737C
(en)
SE
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SE428023B
(en)
Cited By (3)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
EP0128341A2
(en)
*
1983-05-17
1984-12-19
Bayer Ag
Stabilised red phosphorus and its use in flame-proof thermoplastic polyamide moulding masses
EP0837100A1
(en)
*
1996-10-16
1998-04-22
Toray Industries, Inc.
A flame retardant resin composition
US7585443B2
(en)
2004-05-20
2009-09-08
Albemarle Corporation
Pelletized brominated anionic styrenic polymers and their preparation and use
Families Citing this family (8)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
DE3215751A1
(en)
*
1982-04-28
1983-11-24
Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen
METHOD FOR FINISHING THERMOPLASTIC PLASTICS
JPS6243435A
(en)
*
1985-08-20
1987-02-25
Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd
Fire-resistant silicone foam composition
US4708980A
(en)
*
1986-11-26
1987-11-24
E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
Flame retardant polyethylene terephthalate
DE3905038A1
(en)
*
1989-02-18
1990-08-23
Basf Ag
FLAME RETARDED THERMOPLASTIC MOLDS BASED ON PHLEGMATIZED RED PHOSPHOR
JPH04106635U
(en)
*
1991-02-27
1992-09-14
KR100493201B1
(en)
*
1996-10-16
2005-08-05
도레이 가부시끼가이샤
A flame retardant resin composition
KR100493541B1
(en)
1998-03-25
2005-06-07
데이진 가부시키가이샤
Resin composition
CA2856027A1
(en)
2014-03-18
2015-09-18
Smartrek Technologies Inc.
Mesh network system and techniques
Family Cites Families (2)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
DE2428758C3
(en)
*
1974-06-14
1982-05-13
Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen
Process for the production of self-extinguishing thermoplastic molding compounds
FR2314216A1
(en)
*
1975-06-10
1977-01-07
Rhone Poulenc Ind
FIRE-PROOF COMPOSITIONS OF PLASTICS
1976
1976-12-09
FR
FR7637837A
patent/FR2373575A1/en
active
Granted
1977
1977-12-07
IT
IT5212677A
patent/IT1090557B/en
active
1977-12-07
NL
NL7713543A
patent/NL181737C/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation
1977-12-07
LU
LU78648A
patent/LU78648A1/xx
unknown
1977-12-07
DE
DE19772754515
patent/DE2754515C2/en
not_active
Expired
1977-12-07
ES
ES464867A
patent/ES464867A1/en
not_active
Expired
1977-12-07
GB
GB5101477A
patent/GB1577587A/en
not_active
Expired
1977-12-07
IE
IE248977A
patent/IE46179B1/en
unknown
1977-12-07
GR
GR54935A
patent/GR62406B/en
unknown
1977-12-08
JP
JP14769977A
patent/JPS6058253B2/en
not_active
Expired
1977-12-08
DK
DK547077A
patent/DK148773C/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation
1977-12-08
BE
BE183285A
patent/BE861643A/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation
1977-12-08
CH
CH1506777A
patent/CH625815A5/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation
1977-12-08
BR
BR7708163A
patent/BR7708163A/en
unknown
1977-12-09
AT
AT883477A
patent/AT356387B/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation
1977-12-09
SE
SE7714028A
patent/SE428023B/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation
Cited By (8)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
EP0128341A2
(en)
*
1983-05-17
1984-12-19
Bayer Ag
Stabilised red phosphorus and its use in flame-proof thermoplastic polyamide moulding masses
US4550133A
(en)
*
1983-05-17
1985-10-29
Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
Stabilized red phosphorus and its use for flameproofing thermoplastic polyamide moulding compositions
EP0128341A3
(en)
*
1983-05-17
1988-06-15
Bayer Ag
Stabilised red phosphorus and its use in flame-proof thermoplastic polyamide moulding masses
EP0837100A1
(en)
*
1996-10-16
1998-04-22
Toray Industries, Inc.
A flame retardant resin composition
US5965639A
(en)
*
1996-10-16
1999-10-12
Toray Industries, Inc.
Flame retardant resin composition
US6136892A
(en)
*
1996-10-16
2000-10-24
Toray Industries, Inc.
Flame retardant resin composition
US7585443B2
(en)
2004-05-20
2009-09-08
Albemarle Corporation
Pelletized brominated anionic styrenic polymers and their preparation and use
US8067088B2
(en)
2004-05-20
2011-11-29
Albemarle Corporation
Pelletized brominated anionic styrenic polymers and their preparation and use
Also Published As
Publication number
Publication date
DE2754515A1
(en)
1978-06-15
JPS5386743A
(en)
1978-07-31
NL181737C
(en)
1987-10-16
LU78648A1
(en)
1978-07-11
CH625815A5
(en)
1981-10-15
NL181737B
(en)
1987-05-18
IE46179B1
(en)
1983-03-23
DK148773C
(en)
1986-03-03
BR7708163A
(en)
1978-08-08
DE2754515C2
(en)
1986-02-13
DK148773B
(en)
1985-09-23
GR62406B
(en)
1979-04-11
ATA883477A
(en)
1979-09-15
ES464867A1
(en)
1978-08-01
NL7713543A
(en)
1978-06-13
JPS6058253B2
(en)
1985-12-19
IE46179L
(en)
1978-06-09
AT356387B
(en)
1980-04-25
BE861643A
(en)
1978-06-08
SE7714028L
(en)
1978-06-10
IT1090557B
(en)
1985-06-26
FR2373575B1
(en)
1979-03-30
SE428023B
(en)
1983-05-30
FR2373575A1
(en)
1978-07-07
DK547077A
(en)
1978-06-10
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Legal Events
Date
Code
Title
Description
1981-01-14
PS
Patent sealed
1993-08-04
PCNP
Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
Effective date:
19921207
