GB1586535A - Creation of Inventions and Patents with Artificial Intelligence

GB1586535A – Method and apparatus for homogenizing the properties of refuse substances converted to comminuted refuse or slow-flowing bulk goods
– Google Patents

GB1586535A – Method and apparatus for homogenizing the properties of refuse substances converted to comminuted refuse or slow-flowing bulk goods
– Google Patents
Method and apparatus for homogenizing the properties of refuse substances converted to comminuted refuse or slow-flowing bulk goods

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Publication number
GB1586535A

GB1586535A
GB4349/78A
GB434978A
GB1586535A
GB 1586535 A
GB1586535 A
GB 1586535A
GB 4349/78 A
GB4349/78 A
GB 4349/78A
GB 434978 A
GB434978 A
GB 434978A
GB 1586535 A
GB1586535 A
GB 1586535A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
silo
refuse
gap
strips
comminuted
Prior art date
1977-02-07
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Expired

Application number
GB4349/78A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Wibau GmbH

Original Assignee
Wibau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1977-02-07
Filing date
1978-02-02
Publication date
1981-03-18

1978-02-02
Application filed by Wibau GmbH
filed
Critical
Wibau GmbH

1981-03-18
Publication of GB1586535A
publication
Critical
patent/GB1586535A/en

Status
Expired
legal-status
Critical
Current

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Classifications

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL

B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS

B65G69/00—Auxiliary measures taken, or devices used, in connection with loading or unloading

B65G69/10—Obtaining an average product from stored bulk material

Description

(54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HOMOGENIZING
THE PROPERTIES OF REFUSE SUBSTANCES
CONVERTED TO COMMINUTED REFUSE OR
SLOW-FLOWING BULK GOODS
(71) We, WIBAU (Westdeutsche
Industrie-und Strassenbau-Maschinen
Gesellschaft m.b.H.) of Wibaustrasse 1, 6466 Grundau-Rothenbergen Germany, a
German company do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement::- This invention relates to a method and apparatus for homogenizing the properties of refuse substance converted to comminuted refuse or slow-flowing bulk goods in a container which is open at the top, more particularly as the preliminary stage for thermal destruction procedures;
The properties or quality features of substance are homogenized for different reasons related to process technology.
For example, an attempt to improve the yield and therefore the profit is made in this way in respect to portions of raw coal or raw washed coal conveyed from different operation points and having widely varying density-ash ratios or density distributions.
In this connection reference should be made to “Statistische Untersuchungen uber die Vermessung von Vergleichmassigungsbunkern” (“Statistical Investi– gation on Surveying Homogenizing
Silos”) by Dr. Ing. Oskar Sommer, published in Bergbau-Archiv, NO. 2 1960 and “Utersuchung uber die Ausgestaltung bon Vergleichmassigungsbunkeranlagen (“Investigation on the Construction of
Homogenizing Silo Systems”) by Dr. Ing.
Oskar Sommer, published by Bergfreiheit
1960, and “Ein Beitrag zur Vergleichmassigung von Rohkohle” (“A
Contribution to the Homogenization of
Raw Coal”), by Dr. Ing. Kurt Lemke,
Published in Gliickauf 21, 1963.
Homogenization of the granular structure, of the water content, of the volatile constituents and many other properties is possible by known methods.
Such procedures can in practice be employed for restricting the dispersion of characteristics in all bulk materials.
Homogenization by the random principle applies to all cases where the kind and extent of such dispersion cannot be predicted.
To this end the material is deposited successively with respect to time in the largest possible number of thin parallel strata and the material is withdrawn transversely to said strata by simultaneously cutting into all strata. Proportions of the material supplied at a different time and of different quality are thus combined and the fluctuations of properties with respect to time are reduced.
The standard deviation generally characterizes the dispersion of property values and is given by the formula:

S=standard deviation
n=number of measured value x1=lth measured value
X=arithmetic mean of all measured values
If the distribution of the individual measured values corresponds to the normal
Gauss distribution, the simple standard deviation will comprise +s=68.3%, twice the standard deviation will comprise +2s=95.4% and three times the standard deviation will comprise +3s=99.7% of all individual measured values.
Twice the standard deviation is generally expected in processing technology.
To evaluate the success of homogenization a substantial number of specimens is obtained from the stream of material before and after homogenizing to define the standard deviations upstream and downstream of the homogenizing apparatus.
If both terms are related to each other they will provide the characteristic number
sl=standard deviation prior to homogenizing
s2=standard deviation after homogenizing.
A small characteristic number would therefore express a small degree of homogenization.
At present compartmented silos adapted for continuous or intermittent operation as well as so-called organ pipe silos with stepped cellular compartments and homogenizing tips are used as homogenizing devices.
The last-mentioned probably offers the best form of homogenization if it is built up in layers which are as thin as possible and the quantities are supplied uniformly per unit length and removal is effected from the endface in the smallest possible slices, where appropriate by means of known tip clearing apparatus such as harrows, scraper or wiper-like devices.
Tips of this kind are found in the preparation of coal, ore and cement. They are sometimes also used for mixing different components (mixing beds).
This completes the basic considerations.
Addressing the significance of this procedure to the treatment of refuse it is essential to proceed from the assumption that refuse is a substance which is extremely heterogeneous in every respect.
The wide dispersions, for example of water content, organic constituents, calorific value and the like can seriously-impair the control of modern refuse destruction processes, more particularly of pyrolysis processes and in some cases render such processes impossible.
For example, a temperature reduction in the bottom reactor region and therefore incomplete carbonization or degassing of the refuse would have to be expected if a substantial quantity of very moist refuse were to enter a degassing reactor. Since the duration of such state is not shown, i.e.
since the quantity of moist refuse is not known, it is not possible to counter this effect by increasing the burner temperature. This could immediately lead to overcontrol, i.e. to an excessive temperature increase, which would cause the ash softening point to be reached and thus cause slag to be baked on the reactor wall and bridges to be formed in the reactor discharge.
In principle this kind of uncertainty also applies to controlling the time during which the refuse dwells in the reactor and thus defines the carbonizing quality.
Furthermore, different organic proportions can result in fluctuations in the quality and quantity of the pyrolysis gas.
The irregular supply of special refuse, such as old tyres, old oil, clarified sludge or the like may call for the most uniform possible mixing with domestic refuse in this context.
Fundamentally it must be stated that increased expenditure in terms of measuring and control technique cannot eliminate dispersions of the kind described as such; it is impossible to avoid the processing technique of homogenizing the properties of refuse even if it is necessary to dispense with evaluating the success of homogenization, for example by means of the previously-mentioned characteristic number, in view of the difficulty of obtaining specimens from refuse. Finally, in homogenizing refuse it is not expected to achieve the same degree of success as in readily pourable mineral products, where demands are at a higher level.
By contrast, it is the object of the invention to disclose a method for homogenizing the properties of refuse substances converted into comminuted refuse or of slow-flowing bulk goods so that dispersions which occur at short notice within minutes or hours can be restricted about a scarcely varying mean value to a degree which enables the subsequent thermal process-for example pyrolysis-to be performed without substantial expenditure in terms of control technology and personnel.
In the long term the mean value will vary due to the weather and more particularly due to seasonal effects while the homogenization of short-term dispersions of the characteristic features is retained.
However, it is relatively easy to adapt to slow changes and-in the light of experience over a specific operating time-it is presumably possible to predict regional and seasonal tendencies, at least within a specific bandwidth.
In the interests of clarity it should be pointed out that homogenization of raw refuse cannot be considered if only because of the maximum edge length of the material that is to be processed. The procedure must be confined only to comminuted material, i.e. to comminuted refuse, but this is not problematical since refuse pyrolysis must generally be preceded by comminution.
If a pyrolysis plant is operated round the clock, as is usual, in view of the resistance of the ceramic material to alternating temperature, it will be necessary to maintain a substantial quantity of comminuted refuse in stock in order to bridge non-working days.
It should also be noted that environmental pollution by unpleasant odour and dust must be avoided in the same way as pollution of the groundwater, i.e. the quantity stored would have to be covered and the ground would have to be prepared so as to be impermeable to water.
The material is normally stored and homogenized in silos which are situated within the operating building. Storing the refuse for the purpose of homogenization does not encounter any difficulties.
However, the construction of the silo and the silo delivery must be specially adapted to the comminuted refuse which tends to felt and in some cases to stick.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of homogenizing comminuted refuse material or slow-flowing bulk material, wherein the said material is fed to a container to form successive superposed layers each comprising laterally adjacent successively laid strips, and wherein the material is discharged from the container, through a gap extending parallel to the said strips along a side of the container at the bottom of the container, by discharge means which move progressively in the longitudinal direction of the gap and which cut simultaneously into the laterally adjacent strips forming the bottom layer(s) of material in the container and convey the material of said strips laterally to the said gap
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for homogenizing comminuted refuse material or slow-flowing bulk material, comprising a silo having at the bottom of a wall thereof a longitudinal gap, charging means arranged to charge said material into the silo from above the movable parallel to and transversely to the longitudinal gap for depositing the material in successive superposed layers each comprising laterally adjacent successively deposited strips, and discharge means extending across the silo transversely to the said gap and operable to cut in use simultaneously into the laterally adjacent strips forming the bottom layer(s) of material in the silo and to convey such material laterally to the said gap, the discharge means being movable in the longitudinal direction of the gap.
Also according to the invention there is provided a method for homogenizing the properties of refuse substances converted to comminuted refuse or slow-flowing bulk goods in a container which is open at the top, more particularly as the preliminary stage for thermal destruction procedures, characterised in that the silo is fed with the material in thin, narrow- strips situated parallel, laterally adjacent and superjacently to form superposed layers or strata, with the individual strips offset relative to each other with respect to time and therefore with respect to quality, and that conversely, on discharging the silo the material is extracted by extracting means transversely to the longitudinal direction of the silo from the gap extending between the silo walls and the silo bottom and arranged on the other side, and the discharge means simultaneously cut into the refuse or bulk goods embankment which occurs at each gap, and progressively into the numerous parallel, laterally, adjacent strips, initially at the bottom stratum and thereafter in superjacent strata which are stored in offset configuration with respect to time, to further homogenize the comminuted refuse or bulk goods.
In other words: during the charging procedure a conveyor slowly reciprocates in the longitudinal direction and delivers comminuted refuse in the form of a longitudinal strip on the silo floor. After each longitudinal pass the entire charging system shifts laterally by a small step to produce a ground bed with adjacently disposed furrows. Each stratum is then built up in like manner on the ground bed until the silo is filled.
The silo is discharged by discharge means for example a discharge screw. This acts simultaneously over the entire width of the superstructure and the transverse discharge results in further homogenization of the material which is transferred in the direction of conveyor means which normally lead to the reactors or the like.
Qualitative dispersions in the characteristic features are thus substantially restricted and the basis is provided for an efficient and operationally reliable routine of the subsequent process.
Suitable apparatus for performing the method is obtained if the silo walls terminate at a distance from the bottom plate and are fixed in this position by known means such as cantilever arms or the like, and if the overhang of the silo bottom beyond the plan view projection of the silo is so related to the height of the gap that the material can form at the gaps an embankment at an angle of repose such as to seal off any further discharge.
The system provides that the comminuted refuse is removed from the silo via the gap by means of a screw conveyor, a scrubber, a scraper or other discharge means.
One embodiment of the invention is shown by way of example in the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, where:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the cross-section of a silo for comminuted refuse, and
Figure 2 shows a plan view of a comminuted refuse silo system comprising two silos, and more particularly the arrangement of the charging system on an interconnecting operating platform.
In the example illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 the comminuted refuse, reduced by mills to an edge length of less than 100 mm is fed to a dharging system, situated above the two comminuted refuse silos 1 and 2 and comprising traversible and reversible belt conveyors 3, 4, 5 and 6.
The silos are of the same size and construction. The silo cross-sections expand substantially in the downward direction to prevent the formation of bridges. The silo floor 7 is not connected to the laterally sloping silo walls 8 but supported from below in the manner of a table. The silo walls are retained at the intended distance from the silo floor 7 by means of a supporting structure which is not shown, for example cantilever arms.
The silo floor 7 extends laterally beyond the silo walls 8 and the distance, i.e. the width of the resulting gap 9 is selected so that the discharge screw 10, intended for each silo 1 and 2, is able to move longitudinally in said gap.
The said screw conveyor 10 delivers the refuse laterally from the gap 9 to a belt conveyor 11 which is situated between the silo rows 1 and 2 for further processing of the homogenized refuse.
On the belt conveyors which are situated above the silos 1/2, the belt conveyor 4 is adapted to traverse and reverse longitudinally while the belt conveyors 5 and 6 are adapted to traverse and reverse longitudinally and transversely.
The silos I and 2 are alternately charged, i.e. the silo 2 is charged while the silo I is discharged or vice versa. During the charging operation the belt conveyor 5 or 6 traverses slowly to and fro in the longitudinal direction. After each longitudinal pass the entire charging system moves laterally by a relatively small step. In this way a plurality of thin laterally adjacent strips of material are deposited in succession, to form superjacent thin strata 12.
During its advance the discharge screw 10 cuts into the laterally adjacent strips of the bottom stratum or strata simultaneously and thus further homogenizes the properties of the refuse.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A method of homogenizing
comminuted refuse material or slow
flowing bulk material, wherein the said
material is fed to a container to form
successive superposed layers each
comprising laterally adjacent successively
laid strips, and wherein the material is
discharged from the container, through a
gap extending parallel to the said strips
along a side of the container at the bottom
of the container, by discharge means which
move progressively in the longitudinal
direction of the gap and which cut
simultaneously into the laterally adjacent
strips forming the bottom layer(s) of
material in the container and convey the
material of said strips laterally to the said
gap.
2. Apparatus for homogenizing
comminuted refuse material or slow
flowing bulk material, comprising a silo
having at the bottom of a wall thereof a
longitudinal gap, charging means arranged
to charge said material into the silo from
above and movable parallel to and
transversely to the longitudinal gap for
depositing the material in successive
superposed layers each comprising laterally
adjacent successively deposited strips, and
discharge means extending across the silo
transversely to the said gap and operable to
cut in use simultaneously into the laterally
adjacent strips forming the bottom layer(s)
of material in the silo and to convey such
material laterally to the said gap, the
discharge means being movable in the
longitudinal direction of the gap.
3. Method for homogenizing the properties
of refuse. substances converted to
comminuted refuse or slow-flowing bulk
goods in a silo which is open at the top,
more particularly as the preliminary stage
for thermal destruction procedures,
characterised in that the silo is fed with the
material in thin, narrow strips situated
parallel, laterally adjacent and
superjacently, with the individual strips
offset relative to each other with respect to
time and therefore with respect to quality,
and that conversely, on discharging the silo
the material is extracted by extracting
means transversely to the longitudinal
direction of the laterally adjacent strips
from a gap extending between the silo walls and the silo bottom, and the extracting
means simultaneously cut into the refuse or
bulk goods embankment which occurs at
each gap, and progressively into the
numerous parallel, laterally adjacent strips,
initially at the bottom stratum and
thereafter in superjacent strata which are
stored in offset configuration with respect
to time, thereby to further homogenize the
comminuted refuse or bulk goods.
4. Apparatus for performing the method
according to claim 3 comprising a silo, open
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (9)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. accompanying diagrammatic drawings, where: Figure 1 is a perspective view of the cross-section of a silo for comminuted refuse, and Figure 2 shows a plan view of a comminuted refuse silo system comprising two silos, and more particularly the arrangement of the charging system on an interconnecting operating platform. In the example illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 the comminuted refuse, reduced by mills to an edge length of less than 100 mm is fed to a dharging system, situated above the two comminuted refuse silos 1 and 2 and comprising traversible and reversible belt conveyors 3, 4, 5 and 6. The silos are of the same size and construction. The silo cross-sections expand substantially in the downward direction to prevent the formation of bridges. The silo floor 7 is not connected to the laterally sloping silo walls 8 but supported from below in the manner of a table. The silo walls are retained at the intended distance from the silo floor 7 by means of a supporting structure which is not shown, for example cantilever arms. The silo floor 7 extends laterally beyond the silo walls 8 and the distance, i.e. the width of the resulting gap 9 is selected so that the discharge screw 10, intended for each silo 1 and 2, is able to move longitudinally in said gap. The said screw conveyor 10 delivers the refuse laterally from the gap 9 to a belt conveyor 11 which is situated between the silo rows 1 and 2 for further processing of the homogenized refuse. On the belt conveyors which are situated above the silos 1/2, the belt conveyor 4 is adapted to traverse and reverse longitudinally while the belt conveyors 5 and 6 are adapted to traverse and reverse longitudinally and transversely. The silos I and 2 are alternately charged, i.e. the silo 2 is charged while the silo I is discharged or vice versa. During the charging operation the belt conveyor 5 or 6 traverses slowly to and fro in the longitudinal direction. After each longitudinal pass the entire charging system moves laterally by a relatively small step. In this way a plurality of thin laterally adjacent strips of material are deposited in succession, to form superjacent thin strata 12. During its advance the discharge screw 10 cuts into the laterally adjacent strips of the bottom stratum or strata simultaneously and thus further homogenizes the properties of the refuse. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. A method of homogenizing
comminuted refuse material or slow
flowing bulk material, wherein the said
material is fed to a container to form
successive superposed layers each
comprising laterally adjacent successively
laid strips, and wherein the material is
discharged from the container, through a
gap extending parallel to the said strips
along a side of the container at the bottom
of the container, by discharge means which
move progressively in the longitudinal
direction of the gap and which cut
simultaneously into the laterally adjacent
strips forming the bottom layer(s) of
material in the container and convey the
material of said strips laterally to the said
gap.

2. Apparatus for homogenizing
comminuted refuse material or slow
flowing bulk material, comprising a silo
having at the bottom of a wall thereof a
longitudinal gap, charging means arranged
to charge said material into the silo from
above and movable parallel to and
transversely to the longitudinal gap for
depositing the material in successive
superposed layers each comprising laterally
adjacent successively deposited strips, and
discharge means extending across the silo
transversely to the said gap and operable to
cut in use simultaneously into the laterally
adjacent strips forming the bottom layer(s)
of material in the silo and to convey such
material laterally to the said gap, the
discharge means being movable in the
longitudinal direction of the gap.

3. Method for homogenizing the properties
of refuse. substances converted to
comminuted refuse or slow-flowing bulk
goods in a silo which is open at the top,
more particularly as the preliminary stage
for thermal destruction procedures,
characterised in that the silo is fed with the
material in thin, narrow strips situated
parallel, laterally adjacent and
superjacently, with the individual strips
offset relative to each other with respect to
time and therefore with respect to quality,
and that conversely, on discharging the silo
the material is extracted by extracting
means transversely to the longitudinal
direction of the laterally adjacent strips
from a gap extending between the silo walls and the silo bottom, and the extracting
means simultaneously cut into the refuse or
bulk goods embankment which occurs at
each gap, and progressively into the
numerous parallel, laterally adjacent strips,
initially at the bottom stratum and
thereafter in superjacent strata which are
stored in offset configuration with respect
to time, thereby to further homogenize the
comminuted refuse or bulk goods.

4. Apparatus for performing the method
according to claim 3 comprising a silo, open
at the top and having at the bottom gaps along two opposite sides, means for feeding the refuse or bulk goods from above in successive thin narrow strips parallel, laterally adjacent, and superjacent, extracting means at the bottom of the silo arranged to extract the refuse or bulk goods transversely, simultaneously from the laterally adjacent strips of the bottom stratum, and to discharge the extracted material through at least one gap, and means for moving the extracting means along the silo.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that two opposite silo walls terminate at a distance from the bottom plate to form the gaps, and that the overhang of the silo bottom beyond the plan view projection of the silo is so related to the height of the gaps that the material can form at the gaps an embankment at an angle of repose such as to seal off any further discharge.

6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, 4 or 5 in which the width of the silo increases towards the bottom.

7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, 4, 5 or 6 in which the discharge or extracting means extends through the gap or gaps.

8. A method of homogenizing comminuted refuse, substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

9. Apparatus for homogenizing comminuted refuse, substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

GB4349/78A
1977-02-07
1978-02-02
Method and apparatus for homogenizing the properties of refuse substances converted to comminuted refuse or slow-flowing bulk goods

Expired

GB1586535A
(en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title

DE19772704944

DE2704944A1
(en)

1977-02-07
1977-02-07

PROCESS FOR COMPARISON OF THE PROPERTIES OF EXCESSIVELY REPRODUCED WASTE MATERIAL IN AN OPEN CONTAINER AND DEVICE FOR ITS CARRYING OUT

Publications (1)

Publication Number
Publication Date

GB1586535A
true

GB1586535A
(en)

1981-03-18

Family
ID=6000506
Family Applications (1)

Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date

GB4349/78A
Expired

GB1586535A
(en)

1977-02-07
1978-02-02
Method and apparatus for homogenizing the properties of refuse substances converted to comminuted refuse or slow-flowing bulk goods

Country Status (5)

Country
Link

JP
(1)

JPS53128164A
(en)

DE
(1)

DE2704944A1
(en)

FR
(1)

FR2379456A1
(en)

GB
(1)

GB1586535A
(en)

SE
(1)

SE7801232L
(en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

DE3032880C2
(en)

1980-09-01
1985-04-11
Aumund-Fördererbau GmbH, Maschinenfabrik, 4134 Rheinberg

Device for complete emptying for large bulk goods stores

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

US2579153A
(en)

1948-08-18
1951-12-18
Hewitt Robins Inc
Blending system

DE2201869A1
(en)

1972-01-15
1973-07-19
Haendle & Soehne Karl

CLEARANCE DEVICE FOR SILOS, IN PARTICULAR TON SILOS

1977

1977-02-07
DE
DE19772704944
patent/DE2704944A1/en
not_active
Withdrawn

1978

1978-02-01
FR
FR7803302A
patent/FR2379456A1/en
not_active
Withdrawn

1978-02-02
JP
JP992778A
patent/JPS53128164A/en
active
Pending

1978-02-02
GB
GB4349/78A
patent/GB1586535A/en
not_active
Expired

1978-02-02
SE
SE7801232A
patent/SE7801232L/en
unknown

Also Published As

Publication number
Publication date

JPS53128164A
(en)

1978-11-08

SE7801232L
(en)

1978-08-08

DE2704944A1
(en)

1978-08-10

FR2379456A1
(en)

1978-09-01

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