GB1592165A – Lubricating greases
– Google Patents
GB1592165A – Lubricating greases
– Google Patents
Lubricating greases
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Publication number
GB1592165A
GB1592165A
GB42165/76A
GB4216576A
GB1592165A
GB 1592165 A
GB1592165 A
GB 1592165A
GB 42165/76 A
GB42165/76 A
GB 42165/76A
GB 4216576 A
GB4216576 A
GB 4216576A
GB 1592165 A
GB1592165 A
GB 1592165A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
lubricating grease
component
grease
calcium
acid
Prior art date
1976-10-11
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB42165/76A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
Original Assignee
Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1976-10-11
Filing date
1976-10-11
Publication date
1981-07-01
1976-10-11
Application filed by Exxon Research and Engineering Co
filed
Critical
Exxon Research and Engineering Co
1976-10-11
Priority to GB42165/76A
priority
Critical
patent/GB1592165A/en
1977-10-05
Priority to SE7711171A
priority
patent/SE432605B/en
1977-10-06
Priority to BE2056315A
priority
patent/BE859422A/en
1977-10-06
Priority to DE2744978A
priority
patent/DE2744978C2/en
1977-10-10
Priority to FR7730422A
priority
patent/FR2367112A1/en
1977-10-11
Priority to IT51360/77A
priority
patent/IT1112072B/en
1981-07-01
Publication of GB1592165A
publication
Critical
patent/GB1592165A/en
Status
Expired
legal-status
Critical
Current
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Classifications
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M117/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof
C10M117/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
C10M169/02—Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
C10M169/06—Mixtures of thickeners and additives
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
C10M2205/026—Butene
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2215/26—Amines
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
C10M2219/083—Dibenzyl sulfide
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C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2219/09—Heterocyclic compounds containing no sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
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C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Description
(54) LUBRICATING GREASES
(71) We, EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY, a Corporation duly organised and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of
America, of Linden, New Jersey, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to lubricating greases. At the present time there are a large number of different types of greases available. They can be broadly classified, from the standpoint of cost, as expensive because of the soap-forming ingredients employed and/or because of requiring a high soap content.
There is need for a low cost grease which has a sufficient number of properties to enable the grease to be employed as a general purpose grease.
One object of the present invention is to provide a novel calcium complex general purpose, low cost, grease. Another object is the provision of a method for the preparation of such a grease.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention there is provided a calcium complex lubricating grease having the following combination of components and properties:
(a) a major proportion by weight of a paraffinic or naphthenic mineral oil base or a synthetic oil, or a mixture of any two or all of those;
(b) 7 to 17 wt.% of calcium complex soap derived from a calcium base, a C1 to C3 aliphatic carboxylic acid and one or more fatty acids or glycerides selected from tallow, tallow fatty acids, stearic acid or hydrogenated fish oil acids; the weight ratio of said fatty acid to said C1 to C3 acid being greater than 1:1;
(c) one or more conventional oxidation inhibitors, the total amount of which does not exceed 5 wt.%;
(d) a dropping point of at least 1700C; and
(e) a dry-running temperature, as measured by Test Run B of the DIN 51806 standard, of at least 140″C.
Preferred such greases contain from 7 to 13 wt.% of component (b), with 8 to 12 wt.%.
being especially preferred.
A calcium complex lubricating grease according to the present invention can have its dropping point (d) at least 2000C, even above 300″C. In practice, although calcium complex greases are suitable for uses at high temperature they are somewhat prone to fail in the lubrication of anti-friction bearings because of “dry-running”, a term which denotes a drying up of the anti-friction bearing due to more or less complete separation of the grease from sliding surfaces in the bearing. The SKF R2F (“SKF” is a registered Trade Mark)
Anti-Friction-Bearing-Lubrication-Testing-Machine according to German Standard DIN 51 806, constitutes a recognized test machine for observation of dry-running. Test run B of
DIN 51806 is carried out at 1500 r.p.m. and under additional heating conditions.
Preferably the lower carboxylic acid of the complex soap is acetic acid, but may be formic or propionic acid; and the acid per se is meant in quantities and other references herein.
Preferably the higher carboxylic acid of the complex soap is a mixture such as tallow fatty acids, employed as such or in glyceride form as tallow. Other acids may be employed, for example stearic acid or hydrogenated fish oil acids, which latter are essentially a mixture of
C14 to C22 saturated acids and which correspond in practice to commercial stearic acid in degree of saturation and average molecular weight.
Desirably the wt. ratio of fatty acids to lower acid is greater than 1:1, and is preferably from 1.5:1 to 2.0:1. A mole ratio of acetic:fatty acids of about 3:1 is preferred.
Normally, from 0.5 to 2.5 wt.% of the oxidation inhibitor will be employed. Suitably the inhibitor is phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, or is that sold under the name Vanlube RD (the word VANLUBE is a registered Trade Mark), being a polymerized trimethyldihydroquinoline compound. If necessary up to 5 wt.% of corrosion inhibitor(s) may be incorporated into the greases of this invention. From 0.25 wt.% to 2.5 wt.% is a suitable range, with 0.5 to 1.0 wt.% being preferred; including known sulphonates of calcium or barium. The product commercially available under the trade name Alox 2116A is one suitable product.
One or more other additives may, if desired, be present. Thus, for example, an extreme pressure agent such as dibenzyl disulphide or sulphurised sperm oil; a metal deactivator such as an ethylene diamine type complexing compound; an anti-wear agent such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate; and a water-resistance additive such as the known high mol. wt.
isobutylene polymer type. Normally up to 2.5 wt.% based on the grease of any of these can be employed, with 0.25 to 1 wt.% being the usual amount.
Hence, greases in accordance with the invention usually consist of over 80 wt.% of the base oil. They do not contain any appreciable water content; less than 0.1 wt.% being normal.
The paraffinic base mineral oil will preferably have a viscosity in the range 105-115 cSt at 40″C, a minimum flash point of at least 245″C and a maximum pour point of -5″C, preferably -10″C or lower. It is an especial advantage of the invention that paraffinic base oils can be used.
The naphthenic base mineral oil will preferably be a phenol-or other extracted, hydrofined, oil. Preferably the oil will have a viscosity in the range 105-115 cSt at 400C; a flash point of at least 225″C and a pour point not higher than -5″C, preferably -10″C or lower.
The mineral base oil can be at least partly replaced by one or more other types, for example synthetic oils, provided that they are stable under the manufacturing conditions. If not stable, but are miscible with mineral oil (for example ester, diester oil bases), then the grease can be initially made with a content of mineral oil and then diluted with the synthetic or other base to the full base oil content of the required grease. As examples of synthetic oils reference is made to polyethylene glycol ethers and polypropylene glycol ethers.
A very preferred grease in accordance with the invention is derived from about 3 wt.% glacial acetic acid, about 5% tallow fatty acids, and about 3 wt.% of hydrated lime. The base oil is preferably the paraffinic type.
In accordance with another aspect, the invention provides a method of preparing a grease defined above, which method includes the steps of (i) heating the constituents in quantities required to form the defined calcium complex soap component (b) with at least part of the defined oil component (a), the heating being conducted so that the maximum temperature reached in the mixture during the heating lies in the range 240″C to 2500C; (ii) adding the defined component(s) (c) in the defined total quantity, and the remainder, if any, of the defined component (a) being added at the stage or stages conventional in grease manufacturing processes.
Hydrated lime is the preferred calcium base saponifying agent, but calcium oxide may be used. The base is preferably used in from 20 to 40 wt.%, suitably 25 to 35 wt.% of the total of acids plus calcium base. It is highly preferred that the amount of calcium base employed is such that there is an alkalinity (as defined in AM-S 160.40) in the finished grease of from 0.3 to 1.5 wt.%, preferably 0.3 to 0.6 wt.%.
The preferred range for the said maximum temperature is 242″C to 2480C, the most preferred range being 243″C to 247″C. Suitably, the maximum temperature is held for at least half an hour.
If required the manufacture can be conducted under an inert gas blanket, for example a nitrogen blanket. This may be desirable if the flash point of the mineral or other base oil being employed is close to the maximum manufacturing temperature employed. If during manufacture foaming occurs, the use of a small quantity of an alkali metal sulphonate, especially a petroleum sulphonate, may be found useful as an anti-foamant. In all cases the antioxidant and any corrosion inhibitor and/or other normal grease additives employed, is preferably added during cooling from the said maximum manufacturing temperature.
It has been surprisingly and unexpectedly found that the unworked and worked penetration (ASTM D217) of the grease products is a minimum and almost constant when the maximum manufacturing temperature is within the range 242″C to 2480C, particularly in the range 243″C to 247″C. This is illustrated hereinafter. Other properties of the grease products are also illustrated hereinafter. It is also found that the tendency to hardening (particularly at higher temperatures) is low, being comparable to lithium hydroxy-stearate greases.
Example I
A calcium complex grease was made employing 5 wt.% of tallow fatty acids; 3 wt.% glacial acetic acid; 3 wt. 4b of hydrated lime; 0.5 wt.% of phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine. The remainder was a paraffinic mineral oil having the preferred characteristics hereinbefore referred to. About half the required mineral oil was present initially, its temperature being raised to about 100″C over a period, during which period the tallow fatty acids, hydrated lime and glacial acetic acid were added.
A further amount of the mineral oil was added, leaving about 10%. The mixture was then further heated until its temperature was within the range 243″C to 2470C and was held at that maximum for at least thirty minutes. Alkalinity was 0.6% (AM-S 160.40). Cooling was commenced, the amine compound and remaining mineral oil added, and the grease homogenised.
The product was a Grade 2 grease, of 10 wt. % to 12 wt. % soap content. The grease had a drop point of about 300″C, and passed the said DIN 51806 Test Run B at 140″C (“SKF” is a registered Trade Mark). The oil separation ASTM D 1742 was 2.3 wt. %; whilst on storage at 40″C for 168 hours (IP 121/DIN 51817) it was 3.0 wt.%. The grease passed the EMCOR
Corrosion Test (DIN 51802).
It will be appreciated that by slightly raising or lowering the amount of the soap-making constituents a grease having a somewhat higher or lower soap content is obtainable. In all cases, however, to obtain the benefits of the invention, the maximum manufacturing temperature must be kept in the range 240″C to 250″C and very preferably in the range 243″C to 247″C.
Example 2
Following the procedure of Example 1, but altering only the maximum temperature in the range 239″C to 2510C a series of greases was made and tested for unworked and worked penetration (ASTM D 217). From the graph which was plotted, the following table was compiled. The influence of maximum manufacturing temperature (MMT) on penetrationis very clearly seen, together with a surprising constancy over the range 243 to 2470C.
MMT “C Penetration
Unworked 60X
239 270 320
240 250 300
241 240 290
242 235 280
243 230 275
244 230 275
245 230 275
246 230 275
247 230 275
248 235 285
249 260 300
250 280 330
251 320 400
The greases of lowest penetration, i.e. the hardest, for the very low soap content (10 to 12 wt. %) and made from low cost materials, are those made in accordance with invention, that is to say in the maximum temperature range of 240″C to 2500C, especially 243″C to 2470C; and those greases have the properties (d) and (e) hereinbefore defined.
The difference in the above table of 45 tenths of a mm between the ASTM D 217 unworked and worked penetrations (over the preferred maximum manufacturing temperature range 243 to 2470C) has been found to represent the highest likely difference in practice. It is possible, for example, by slight adjustments of component quantities, to reduce that difference to less than 20 tenths of a mm.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A calcium complex lubricating grease having the following combination of components and properties:
(a a major proportion by weight of a paraffinic or naphthenic mineral oil base or a synthetic oil, or a mixture of any two or all of these;
(b) 7 to 17 wt.% of calcium complex soap derived from a calcium base, a C1 to C3 aliphatic carboxylic acid and one or more fatty acids or glycerides selected from tallow, tallow fatty acids, stearic acid or hydrogenated fish oil acids; the weight ratio of said fatty acid to said C1 to C3 acid being greater than 1:1;
(c) one or more conventional oxidation inhibitors, the total amount of which does not exceed 5 wt.%; (d) a dropping point of at least 1700C; and
(e) a dry-running temperature, as measured by Test Run B of the DIN 51806 standard, of at least 140″C.
2. A lubricating grease as claimed in claim 1, in which component (a) is a paraffinic mineral oil.
3. A lubricating grease as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of said fatty acid to said C1 to C3 acid is from 1.5:1 to 2.0:1.
4. A lubricating grease as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the calcium complex soap is derived from tallow fatty acid and acetic acid.
5. A lubricating grease as claimed in any preceding claim, containing 7 to 13 wit. % of component (b).
6. A method of preparing the calcium complex lubricating grease claimed in any preceding claim, which method includes the steps of (i) heating the constituents in quantities required to form the defined calcium complex soap component (b) with at least part of the defined oil component (a), the heating being conducted so that the maximum temperature reached in the mixture during the heating will lie in the range 240″cato 250″C; (ii) adding the defined component(s) (c) in the defined total quantity, and the remainder, if any, of the defined component (a) at the stage or stages conventional in grease manufacturing processes.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the calcium base is employed in an excess quantity sufficient to give the grease an alkalinity measurement (as defined in AM-S
160.40) of 0.3 to 1.5 wt.%, preferably 0.3 to 0.6 wt.%.
8. A method as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the calcium base is hydrated lime.
9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the said maximum temperature lies in the range 243″C to 247″C.
10. A method as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 9 and substantially as herein described.
11. A method as claimed in claim 6 and substantially as herein described with reference to Example 1 or Example 2.
12. A calcium complex lubricating grease as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as herein described.
13. A calcium complex lubricating grease substantially as herein described with reference to Example 1.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (13)
**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. and those greases have the properties (d) and (e) hereinbefore defined. The difference in the above table of 45 tenths of a mm between the ASTM D 217 unworked and worked penetrations (over the preferred maximum manufacturing temperature range 243 to 2470C) has been found to represent the highest likely difference in practice. It is possible, for example, by slight adjustments of component quantities, to reduce that difference to less than 20 tenths of a mm. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A calcium complex lubricating grease having the following combination of components and properties:
(a a major proportion by weight of a paraffinic or naphthenic mineral oil base or a synthetic oil, or a mixture of any two or all of these;
(b) 7 to 17 wt.% of calcium complex soap derived from a calcium base, a C1 to C3 aliphatic carboxylic acid and one or more fatty acids or glycerides selected from tallow, tallow fatty acids, stearic acid or hydrogenated fish oil acids; the weight ratio of said fatty acid to said C1 to C3 acid being greater than 1:1;
(c) one or more conventional oxidation inhibitors, the total amount of which does not exceed 5 wt.%; (d) a dropping point of at least 1700C; and
(e) a dry-running temperature, as measured by Test Run B of the DIN 51806 standard, of at least 140″C.
2. A lubricating grease as claimed in claim 1, in which component (a) is a paraffinic mineral oil.
3. A lubricating grease as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of said fatty acid to said C1 to C3 acid is from 1.5:1 to 2.0:1.
4. A lubricating grease as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the calcium complex soap is derived from tallow fatty acid and acetic acid.
5. A lubricating grease as claimed in any preceding claim, containing 7 to 13 wit. % of component (b).
6. A method of preparing the calcium complex lubricating grease claimed in any preceding claim, which method includes the steps of (i) heating the constituents in quantities required to form the defined calcium complex soap component (b) with at least part of the defined oil component (a), the heating being conducted so that the maximum temperature reached in the mixture during the heating will lie in the range 240″cato 250″C; (ii) adding the defined component(s) (c) in the defined total quantity, and the remainder, if any, of the defined component (a) at the stage or stages conventional in grease manufacturing processes.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the calcium base is employed in an excess quantity sufficient to give the grease an alkalinity measurement (as defined in AM-S
160.40) of 0.3 to 1.5 wt.%, preferably 0.3 to 0.6 wt.%.
8. A method as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the calcium base is hydrated lime.
9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the said maximum temperature lies in the range 243″C to 247″C.
10. A method as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 9 and substantially as herein described.
11. A method as claimed in claim 6 and substantially as herein described with reference to Example 1 or Example 2.
12. A calcium complex lubricating grease as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as herein described.
13. A calcium complex lubricating grease substantially as herein described with reference to Example 1.
GB42165/76A
1976-10-11
1976-10-11
Lubricating greases
Expired
GB1592165A
(en)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title
GB42165/76A
GB1592165A
(en)
1976-10-11
1976-10-11
Lubricating greases
SE7711171A
SE432605B
(en)
1976-10-11
1977-10-05
CALCIUM COMPLEX MORF Grease AND PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCING THEREOF
BE2056315A
BE859422A
(en)
1976-10-11
1977-10-06
METHOD FOR PREPARING GREASE
DE2744978A
DE2744978C2
(en)
1976-10-11
1977-10-06
Process for the production of a grease and the grease obtainable therewith
FR7730422A
FR2367112A1
(en)
1976-10-11
1977-10-10
Lubricating greases contg. calcium complex soap – derived from calcium base, lower carboxylic acid and fatty acid
IT51360/77A
IT1112072B
(en)
1976-10-11
1977-10-11
LUBRICANT GREASE INCLUDING A CALCIUM COMPLEX AND RELATED PRODUCTION PROCESS
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GB42165/76A
GB1592165A
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1976-10-11
1976-10-11
Lubricating greases
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true
GB1592165A
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1981-07-01
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(en)
1976-10-11
1976-10-11
Lubricating greases
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Cited By (1)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
EP0204417A2
(en)
*
1985-05-09
1986-12-10
Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
Soap-thickened reenterable gelled encapsulants
1976
1976-10-11
GB
GB42165/76A
patent/GB1592165A/en
not_active
Expired
1977
1977-10-06
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BE2056315A
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Cited By (2)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
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Assignee
Title
EP0204417A2
(en)
*
1985-05-09
1986-12-10
Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
Soap-thickened reenterable gelled encapsulants
EP0204417A3
(en)
*
1985-05-09
1988-08-10
Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
Soap-thickened reenterable gelled encapsulants
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(en)
1978-04-06
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Legal Events
Date
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Description
1981-09-16
PS
Patent sealed
1993-06-02
PCNP
Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
Effective date:
19921005
