GB2028050A - Creation of Inventions and Patents with Artificial Intelligence

GB2028050A – Facsimile copier with controlled reproduction scale
– Google Patents

GB2028050A – Facsimile copier with controlled reproduction scale
– Google Patents
Facsimile copier with controlled reproduction scale

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Publication number
GB2028050A

GB2028050A
GB7826414A
GB7826414A
GB2028050A
GB 2028050 A
GB2028050 A
GB 2028050A
GB 7826414 A
GB7826414 A
GB 7826414A
GB 7826414 A
GB7826414 A
GB 7826414A
GB 2028050 A
GB2028050 A
GB 2028050A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
original
copy
machine
scanning
scale
Prior art date
1978-06-06
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Withdrawn

Application number
GB7826414A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Hummeling W G A M

Original Assignee
Hummeling W G A M
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1978-06-06
Filing date
1978-06-06
Publication date
1980-02-27

1978-06-06
Application filed by Hummeling W G A M
filed
Critical
Hummeling W G A M

1978-06-06
Priority to GB7826414A
priority
Critical
patent/GB2028050A/en

1980-02-27
Publication of GB2028050A
publication
Critical
patent/GB2028050A/en

Status
Withdrawn
legal-status
Critical
Current

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Classifications

G—PHYSICS

G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY

G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR

G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor

G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor

G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image

G03F7/2014—Contact or film exposure of light sensitive plates such as lithographic plates or circuit boards, e.g. in a vacuum frame

G03F7/2016—Contact mask being integral part of the photosensitive element and subject to destructive removal during post-exposure processing

G03F7/2018—Masking pattern obtained by selective application of an ink or a toner, e.g. ink jet printing

H—ELECTRICITY

H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE

H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION

H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof

H04N1/04—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa

H04N1/17—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa the scanning speed being dependent on content of picture

H—ELECTRICITY

H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE

H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION

H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof

H04N1/387—Composing, repositioning or otherwise geometrically modifying originals

H04N1/393—Enlarging or reducing

Abstract

A facsimile copier in which an original pattern may be reproduced in a modified scale i.e. enlarged or reduced, but with the same aspect ratio, comprises rolls (1,2) supporting the original and copy respectively and intermittently driven one step after each line scan of a scanning head (SH) and copying head (CH) across the width of the original and copy. The heads are driven along a track (5), their scanning direction being reversed after each line scan simultaneously with the original and copy being moved one line width. The original and copy are thus scanned with a reciprocating line scan pattern. The scanning speed of the heads and the displacement of the original and copy are adjustable to obtain the desired modified scale. An adjustable belt-pulley-clutch drive arrangement is described. The video signal from the scanning head may be stored on a magnetic tape or disc together with scanning control signals for later use with a second copier. The copying head may be electrostatic or electro-dynamic e.g. an ink-writer, and preferably is controlled to mark the copy only at points corresponding to the leading and trailing edges of each feature in the original. To reduce reproduction time the scanning heads may have a dual speed control. The application described is the lay-planning of garment pattern pieces.

Description

SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to the reproduction of images or patterns of any kind on a modified scale
This invention relates to the REPRODUCTION OF
IMAGES or PATTERNS of any kind ON A MODIFIED
SCALE, either enlarging or diminishing the copies in respect of the original images or patterns. Although this invention may be applied to a great variety of either drawn, or printed, or photographed images or patterns of any kind, that should be reproduced a number of times and should thereby be scaled up or scaled down to appropriate dimensions for their respective purposes, a typical application – clarifying the scope of the invention – will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Industrial production of garments requires pre parative production offull size patterns of a chosen style and careful “lay planning” of the former, before cutting the tissues to the required numbers, both for dress-technical reasons and economical use of fabrics. As lay planning of this kind, using full size patterns, requires large table surfaces and therefore prevents the planner from good survey and, moreover, causes him to walk around the planning surface to arrange and rearrange the patterns, it has become practice to reduce such patterns to scale and to plan lays in miniature, within the accordingly reduced size of the fabric, on a planning table. On such reduced scale, trial and re-trial of pattern combinations has become a simple matter.
Having satisfactorily arranged the pattern combination, the lay planner will fix the miniature patterns in position on a sheet of paper. This could be done by glueing them together. However, by photographic means, using a translucent table top (provided with linear or square markings underneath) for the planning table, the definite pattern combination is usually being fixed on scale on a sheet of paper by the so-called “DIAZO” method. The planning table in such cases being some kind of photo-copying machine as well, being equipped with lamps, exposure control means, developing means, etcetera, and using photo sensitized paper for the copy of the reduced scale lay plan.
To produce such photographic plans on the reduced scale, it is desirable that the miniature patterns, used by the lay planner, are made of nontransparant material, that will contrast with the translucent table top for high definition of the DIAZO copy to be made. To that purpose, the reduced scale patterns, used by the lay planner to arrange and re-arrange for the optimal pattern combination, are being cut to scale by tracing around a full size pattern on a pantographic cutting machine, using nontransparant, dark grey or black plastic sheet material.
Once the copy of the fixed optimal lay plan to a reduced scale being available, it will be necessary to re-enlarge same to the required number of full size lay plans, which are called “Markers”. Such MAR
KERS are being reproduced on large sheets of paper by a draftsman, who uses the arrangement of patterns (on the reduced size copy he observes) as a guidance in respect of the linear or square markings, photocopied therewith on the planning table.
The cloth or fabric, from which the garment component patterns must be cut, is arranged on the cutting table in multiple layers, ready for cutting, according to the length of the “marker”, which sheet of paper is fixed by stapling or adhesive to the top ply of cloth. That means that, for each shift of component patterns to be cut, a full size paper “marker” sheet will be consumed. So an adequate number of “markers” must be reproduced from the fixed optimal lay plan of reduced scale, that was initially arranged by the lay planner on his planning table.
It is obvious, that reproduction of full size paper “markers” in the described way (by a draftsman) requires much time and labour and- moreovermay cause irregularities or worse, impairing the effi ciencyand quality of the garment production in several ways.
That is why other means have been advised, like photographic re-enlargement of the reduced scale optimal lay plan to full size on photo-sensitive paper.
Realizing that lays 10 yard long are quite common practice, it will be obvious that not only the photographic lenses and apparatus required – plus a skilled operator, a semi-dark room of ample space, etcetera – will make this a costly solution, but that the consumption of large sheets of photo-sensitive paper will make this very expensive moreover.
A very efficient and economic solution of this reenlarging and re-production problem for the garment industry is being offered by MEANS OF
REPRODUCTION of IMAGES or PATTERNS OF ANY
KIND ON A MODIFIED SCALE of this invention. As the scale of reproduction of those means is variable, either enlarging or diminishing the reproductions in respect of the item to be copied, (that will be indicated hereinafter as the “original”,) one may even replace the forementioned pantographic cutting machine, used hitherto, by applying the machine of this invention to the planning of lays in the garments industry. This, however, will be elucidated later in this specification of the invention.
As distinct from purely photographic means for enlarged reproduction of the optimal lay-plans of reduced size- as indicated before-that require much space in specially equipped rooms, the means of this invention require very limited space as the reproduction is being effectuated in steps and on ‘ordinary’ paper, unrolling from a stock roll of same, located somewhere underneath the copying machine.
The “original” to be reproduced is being scanned by a tiny ray of light of adequate intensity, produced by an incandescent lamp (or by a light emitting diode ‘LED’ or by a similar, electronic source of light) through optical focussing means, in such a way, that the reflected light beam is being catched by photoelectr(on)ic means and is being ‘translated’ into electric impulses. These impulses – in turn – are being amplified by electronic means to an adequate level of energy to feed strong governing currents through the solenoid of an electro-dynamic reproducing device. The latter actuates means that will either plot, or print, or type, or write or punch the desired
reproduction (of enlarged or diminished size) of the
‘original’ item on cheap, not photo-sensitized paper.
These optical-electronical means of reproduction
might also be applied to pantographical means of
scaling up OR of scaling down, in respect of the orig
inal item. That application, however, would require
manual governing of the guiding arm of the panto
graph to trace exactly all contours of images or patterns of the original item. Unless intricate and therefore expensive photo-electronic means of exact contour tracing were integrated in the governing means of such pantographic system, which goes beyond the scope of what this invention intends to offer: an efficient, and dependable and not expensive way of exact reproduction, scaling up or scaling down oreventually – of equal dimensions in respect of originals.
The means of this invention do not require manual governing of the reproduction process, once the procedure has been prepared by feeding the papers of ‘original’ and of copy respectively into the copying machine and having adjusted both papers in line (identical to feeding paper sheets into a common typewriting machine), which are simple manipulations, and having started the copying machine thereupon by switching on the electric current to feed the motoric drive and the electr(on)ic circuits of governing and reproduction.
The means of this invention may be distinguished by several main functional components, that may either be built together in one combined machine OR may be executed as two separate machines, if desirable for practical reasons of adaption to industry.
For “reading” and “translating” the ORIGINAL image or pattern into electrical signals, the functional elements of optical and electronical nature are built together in a movable unit, hereinafter to be referred to as the “Scanning Head”, -SH-.
For plotting, or printing, or typing, or writing or punching the COPY on a modified or on equal scale (afterthose electrical signals have been amplifedto adequate level) the functional elements of electrodynamic and mechanical nature are built together in another movable unit, hereinafter to be called the “Copying Head”, -CH-.
Both the scanning head and copying head are being moved overthe papers of ORIGINAL and
COPY respectively along transversal lines and in identical directions, but the speed ratio of these transversal line-movements of both “heads” is being adjusted to the desired ratio of scale (UP or
DOWN or EQUAL) for each particular purpose of the user.
To obtain EXACT scaling up or scaling down from original to copy, the speed ratio of the longitudinal displacements of both papers or Original and Copy under their respective “heads” is to be quite the same as the ratio of the transversal displacements of heads. When the means of “reading” an original and
copying same are built together, in ONE combined
machine, the invention offers means to realize the
exactitude of both transversal and longitudinal dis
placements by using one and the same ratio control
ling mechanism to govern these displacements
alternatively.
When the means of reading an original and of copying same are being adapted to separate
machines, according to the underlying principles of this invention, the electrical signals, translated from the original by the scanning head, are not being fed
directly into the circuitry of the copying head, but are
being REGISTERED ON MAGNETIC TAPE (or on disc or on similar means for storing electrical information).
Together with the signal information from the
scanning head’, that is being recorded in such wellknown way, the transversal speed of the scanning head AND the terminal impulses from the left and the right hand margins, (caused by the chariot that carries the scanning head as shown in Figure I,) are being registered on a separate trail.In the aforementioned way, all data concerning the image or pattern can be recorded step by step, as the scanning is being performed on the separate machine for the
ORIGINAL item, and the record bearer (for instance: magnetic tape on a cartridge-cassette) can be stored; or can be loaded into an adapted receptacle-construction on the separate machine for
COPIES to be made, that machine being governed for its transversal and longitudinal displacement speeds and times by the signals of the separate channel-trail of the recording, that delivers the image-pulses from its prime channel-trail.Whereas the invention will be described in its adaption to separate machines as just indicated in another specification, the adaption to a combined -that is: mechanically linked parts for Original and Copy – machine will now be elucidated with reference to the drawings going herewith.
Figure I gives a general idea of how a combined machine, meant for reproduction of Original items as five times enlarged Copies, may be realized. The
Scanning Head -SH- is here shown as two parts, clarifying how the opto-electronic system performs.
The illuminating source-lS-throws a beam of light on the Original as indicated between small arrows, with a reflection beam as indicated between small arrows, that strikes the aperture of the reflection pick up part-RPU-thus governing the electric currents of the photo-electronic elements in there, in relation to the amount of light reflected into it.
Both component parts -IS- and -RPU- compose the “Scanning Head'” -SH-, that is mounted onto a chariot 3, traversing the bearing roll 1 that carries the paper of the ORIGINAL, and displaces same in lon- gitudional direction when governed to do so. A second chariot 4 bears the -CH- “Copying Head”, mounted onto it, and both chariots 3 and 4 run, in line, over guiding rails 5, traversing the originalpaper and the copy-paper respectively from left to right and in reversed direction. Small rolls 8 allow for smooth running of both chariots over rails 5, of which only a part is symbolically shown in Figure I. A fixed margin stop 6, left, and an adjustable margin stop 7, right of the path of the transversal movement over original roll 1, are provided, but- instead of the screws, shown schematically-these stops will exist of so-called “micro-switches”, (6 and 7 respectively
in further drawings).
The rolls 1, for the original, and 2, for the copy, may turn around their respective shafts independently, but they are linked through V-belts 9 and 10 respectively over pulleys 11 and 12 of equal diamet ers, and driven by twin-pulleys 13-14, that have the ratio of diameters, that corresponds with the speed ratio of longitudinal displacement, prescribed by the desired ratio of enlargement of the copy in respect of the original item, as an example chosen as 1 : 5.
This displacement is effectuated through motoric pulse-drive, not shown in detail in this Figure I. A common shaft 15 bears the twin-pulleys 13-14 on a middle leg 18 of the machine structure, that is further composed of outer legs 17 and 19, all schematically sketched in Figure I.
Of course the step by step longitudinal displacement of both rolls 1 and 2, that support and transport the papers of the Original and of the Copy respectively, should always take place in one direction, to let both SH and CH traverse their surfaces line by line. To save time, required for a complete copying procedure, however, the transversal displacement of both SH and CH alternatively takes place from left to right and from right to left, between subsequent longitudinal steps of the papers, not allowing for repeated flash-backs of the chariots from the right hand to the left hand positions upon completing a line.
The transversal displacement of both chariots 3 and 4 is being effectuated by driving belts or driving cords, connected to the eyelets 20 of each chariot individually. This requires reversal of the driving direction of movement for said belts or cords, unless an alternative drive be applied to the chariots of the machine of this invention. This alternative may be realized by providing the chariots with clips, that can engage the driving belt or cord (that then always moves unidirectional!) running underneath the carrying chariots of SH and CH. Upon arrival at either end of the transversal path of both chariot 3 and 4, the chariots are being linked with said driving means by actuating either clip alternatively through mechanical or electromagnetical governing actions.
In the following example of adaption of this invention to a copying machine, however, the permanent connections between chariot3 and driving means, and between chariot4 and driving means, will be put in practice, so causing the driving means to reverse driving direction any time a margin of the transversal path of the chariots will be reached, through action of the end-micro-switches 6 and 7 respectively. While the driving means for both chariots 3 and 4 should have the same ratio of speeds as the ratio of the longitudinal displacements of both rolls 1 and 2, the invention offers a COMMON (adjustable ratio) drive transmission unit, that is shown in the sketches of Figures II and Ill of the drawings.
Figure II shows a cross-cut of the Common Drive
Transmission Unit along the central driving shaft 50 and adjacent, fixed shafts 57 and 59, seen from above. Figure III shows the same item, as seen from the right, together with the Reversible Driving Means below, that feeds driving power to the Common
Drive Transmission Unit through a V-profiled belt 33, driving the pulley 51, that is fixed to the central driving shaft 50. Shaft 50 is supported by ball-bearings 47 and 48, fixed to the main frame 29 at the pulley end, en 49, located in the adjusting-element 53 at the other end of shaft 50.This adjusting-element 53 is a hollow screw with notched head, allowing for axial displacement of shaft 50, to which the driving pinion 52 is being fixed in such a way, that its mean circumference is engaging the clutch linings 61 of pulley flanges 62-LS and 62-HS respectively, at points on the Medium Line, indicated by M .-.-.-. L in
Figure II. This means that flange 62-LS, fixed to the left pulley 26-LS, is being driven by 52 along a circle of diameter twice radius A, whereas flange 62-HS, fixed to right pulley 26-HS, is being driven by pinion 52 over a circle of diameter twice radius B. Radius B being about half the size of Radius A, this will drive the pulley 26-HS (high speed) twice as fast as pulley 26-LS (low speed) en both pulleys will be driven in opposite directions of rotation.
As diameterAofthe left pulley (in the chosen example) equals 2/5th of diameter B of the right pulley, the round belts or cords 36 and 37 respectively will run at speeds ratio of 1: 5 approximately and in opposite directions one to another. The pulley bearing shafts 57, for the left one, and 59, for the right one, are fixed to the stable strips 56 and 58 respectively, that form welded parts of the enclosing frame 29 of this Common Drive Transmission Unit. Springloads 60 on both fixed bearing shafts cause the flanges and clutch linings to positive contacts with the driving pinion 52, compensating for wear of said clutch linings 61, during their actual use. Two round neckpieces 54 and 55 are fixed onto the rectangular frame 29, partly shown in Figure III as seen from the right.Two brackets 25, also partly shown, serve to fix frame 29 to a part of the frame 21 of the copying machine, as indicated in the sketch of Figure IV.
These brackets 25 are provided with holes, matching the diameter of the neckpieces 54 and 55 of frame 29.
The latter is also provided with holes 28 of figure IV, that correspond with screw-holes in brackets 25 in such a way, that frame 29 may be fixed in the sketched position between the brackets 25 – OR in upside-down position as well – by screwing fixation bolts 27 of figure IV into either pair of holes in frame 29. As the exact positions of the belts or cords 36 and 37 respectively in the slow speed and high speed pulleys, indicated by diameters A and B respectively in Figure II, could not be defined for certain in advance, and as the exact ratio of the transversal and longitudinal speeds of displacements in this copying machine is of utmost importance for the exact scaling up OR scaling down functions of same, the
Common Drive Transmission Unit built within frame 29 serves this purpose well as a significant part of the invention.
By slight adjustment of the shaft 50 with its driving pinion 52, between the driven flanges 62-LS and 62
HS of the pulleys 26-LS and 26-HS respectively, the ratio of Radius A to Radius B will be varied and may be adjusted exactly, by turning the hollow screw with notched head 53 to effect the required displacements. For each individual machine, built on the principles and system of this invention, the bearing shafts 57 and 59 being located in about the required ratio positions, calculated for the desired applications, ample range of ratio correcting
adjustments is presented by the displaceable shaft
50.
As far as the Common Drive Transmission Unit will drive the chariots 3 and 4 for the transversal scanning paths, the sense of direction of the driving belts or cords 36 and 37 must be reversed, each time the chariots reach either end of their path across the
ORIGINAL paper, and of the COPY paper respectively, though the chariot 3 is governing both transversal movements only. Figure III shows how this reversion of the sense of drive is being electromagnetically effectuated.Belt 33 is driven by a special pulley 63, provided with flanges 64 and 65, both lined with clutch lining material rings 35 at the inner sides of the flanges; the whole pulley-construction 63 – shown again in Figure Ill-A right bottom of sheet 3 – is fixed to a slideable shaft 66, that turns in ballbearings 67 and 68 located in the centres of two elec tromagnesic core structures 69 and 70 respectively, which are fixed to a supporting frame 43, (partly sketched in Figure III en in Figure IV) which supporting frame 43 is provided with ball-bearings 71 and 72 (not shown) for the outer ends of shaft 66, to which outer ends the magnetisable flange-discs 73 and 74 (not sketched) are fixed. A driving pinion 44, that is fixed to the rotor shaft of an electric driving motor 34 (Fig.IV), is located in between the two clutch lining rings 35 of the pulley flanges 64 and 65, but this pinion 44 is NOT clutched to either flange unless the magnetising coil 75 (to the right of pulley 63) or the ditto coil 76 (not sketched, but to the left of pulley63) is being energized by magnetising current, through electric command by the end switches MS-6 or MS-7 of the chariot 3 that bears the scanning head -SH-, as will be seen in the circuit-diagram of Figure V.
In the lower part of Figure Ill the (rotating) magnetisable end-flange 73 has been sketched in active position, nearly closing the air-gap between immovable magnet-core cylinder 69 and flange 73, through current flowing through the windings of coil 75, in the diagram of Figure V indicated by RSd (right solenoid), where LSd (left solenoid) represents the electric symbol for coil 75 and coil 76 resp. The shaft 66 with the central pulley 63 has thus been shifted to the left and is engaging pulley-flange 64 with the driving pinion 44 of the motor. The senses of direction of rotations of both motor pinion 44 and pulley 63 is indicated by arrows on pinion and flange 64.
Upon coil 75 being cut out of circuit and the (not shown) coil 76 of the left part being energized, shaft 66 will slide to the right and then flange 65 of pulley 63 will be engaged with the driving motor, thus causing a reversed rotation of pulley 63, as indicated by a dotted arrow on flange 65 of said pulley.
From the foregoing it will be clear how the sense of rotation of pulley 63 and therefore the sense of direction ofV-belt33,that- in turn-drives pulley 51 of the driving shaft 50 of the Common Drive Trans
mission Unit, may be repeatedly altered by electric
current commands through coils 75 and 76 of the
clutch-change-over magnets.
Figure Ill-A at the right bottom allows a closer view
of the relative positions of driving pinion 44 towards
flanges 64 and 65 of common pulley 63. The driving
pinion 44 with a diameter C engages the flanges of pulley 63 in the mean line M . – . -. L with a radius C of pulley 63. The relationship of diameter C to diameter 2 x radius C, together with diameter relationship between driving pulley 63 and driven pulley 51 over the V-belt 33, offers ample possibilities to arrive-via the Common Drive Transmission U n it – at the desired driving speeds for both chariots 3 and 4 and for steps of longitudional transportation and paper bearing rolls 1 and 2 of the copying machine.
Figure IV shows the general plan of the respective, mutually speed related, motoric drive for the combined copying machine of the invention. The paper bearing rolls 1 and 2 of the ORIGINAL item and the
COPY to be produced on an enlarged scale, have here been replaced by two sets of rolls, indicated by 1-a and 1-b (original part) and by 2-a and 2-b (copy part) of the machine, as necessary for transportation of the papaers in a longitudional direction, that should always be the same for both papers and is here chosen in the direction away from the observer of the sketch of Figure IV.As the driving belts, 9 and 10 respectively, run in opposite directions one to another, the required uni-sense of direction is easily obtained by linking these driving belts-through pulleys 11-band 12-a respectively-with the upper roll 1-b and the lower roll 2-a for either part of the machine. An electromagnetic change-over clutch system 24 with bearing shaft 16 for the respective intermediate pulleys 11,12-13-14 and 38-39 will link the central set of pulleys 13 and 14 (both provided with clutch linings at both sides, indicated by 45) from their drawn normal or rest positions, right, to alternative positions, left, thus disengaging the chariots’ driving belts or cords 41 and 42 and engaging the rolls’ driving belts or cords 9 and 10 with the driving power, received from the Common Drive
Transmission Unit 29 through belts 36 and 37.
The electromagnetic change-over system 24 is composed of cylindrical iron core, with a solenoid around the central core part, that actuates a magnetisable flange on a shaft (in a somewhat similar way as has been described beforeforthe electromagnetical systems of figure lil), which slideable shaft slides in a hollow shaft 16 as well and is held in the right hand position by spring load, that must be opposed when the central pulleys 13 and 14 must engage with the pulleys 11 and 12 in the left hand position. The magnetic system 24 is mounted through brackets 22 and 23 on a frame part 21 of the copying machine, to which frame 21 the brackets 25 of the Common Drive Transmission Unit have been attached as well by spring loaded bolts. This serves the double purpose of stretching the belts 36 and 37, driven by the low speed pulley 26-LS and the high speed pulley 26-HS respectively, and of allowing for a change-over by turning 29 over 180 degrees (upon having unbolted the screws 27 from the holes 28 in the front and rear of 29). After this reversal of low and high speeds, the machine will be ready for copy
ing in a scaling down situation, indicated earlier in this patent specification. As such reversal requires
appropriate lengths of both belts 36 and 37, both
lengths of endless belts have been chosen to meet the requirements of pulley-diameter 26-HS, that is the longest belt in the drawn position of Figure IV.
And a pair of stretching pulleys 30, mounted on the
frame 21 in a dislocatable way of their shafts, serves to compensate for the surplus loop of the belt (belt 36 in the drawn example!) by forming a kind of three
points loop for the latter, while the right hand item 30 now remains idling. While belts 9 and 10 only
make movements of short duration, (upon changeover magnet system 24 receiving an electric impulse command at either end of the chariot’s transverse
path the belts 9 and 10 then moving in the direction only, that is indicated for each of them bij the arrow
points), the belts or cords 41 and 42, (onto which the chariots 3 and 4 are fixed respectively) will be in
motion nearly continuously during the copying procedure.That is why their driving pulleys, 38 and 39
respectively, are being clutched to pulleys 13 and 14 respectively in the normal or rest position (as sketched) of the change-over system 24-16.
Figure IV shows how the driving belts or cords 41 and 42 are being led over leading wheels 40 at both ends of the transversal paths of the chariots of SH and CH, which guiding wheels allow for rectangular corners of the trail to be followed by the belts/cords, which should preferably be of round cross-section.
At either outer ends belts/cords 41 and 42 are led over a stretching wheel 31 and 32 respectively, the shafts of which are mounted to the machine frame in such a way, that they are easily dislocateable to give the appropriate stretch to both belts/cords to prevent slip of the latter on the driving pulleys 38 and 39. The chariots 3 and 4 respectively are fixed to these belts/cords 41 and 42 in such a way, that both chariots rest in the start off position at the left hand side of their transversal paths across “Original” and “Copy” respectively. As both belts/cords move in line but in opposite directions, this requires that one chariot be fixed to the same side of the twin lines underneath the chariots’ rails as the other chariot will be.As the sketch of Figure IV has not been projected in perspective, one should notice that the horizontal part of belts/cords 41 and 42, forming a “loop” of parallel lines between each set of wheels 40 (of which only the ones in front can be seen in the sketch), consists of one line running from left to right and of one line running from right to left, upon rounded wheels 31 and 32 respectively.
With reference to the details of Figure II and Figure
Ill, the whole operation of the respective driving mechanisms and belts or cords of this combined copying machine of the invention, as shown in the plan of Figure IV, will be easily understood.
Figure V shows the electr(on)ic circuit diagram, governing means for the elements of former figures, that are being electrically controlled and governed.
For the component parts of these circuits identifying symbols used in electronic circuit data are being applied with abbreviated indication letters of the respective elements of the circuitry.
At the top ofthe circuit diagram onefinds an identification of the chariot 3 meant in Figure I, that forms the running basis for the Scanning Head -SHtraversing the width of the ORIGINAL to be copied (on an equal, an enlarging or on a diminishing scale).
All dimensional and contrast details of the original image or pattern on the image/pattern carrying sheet of paper (or on other material, suitable for that pur
pose) are significant for the copy to be made. So the chariot 3 that carries the scanning head traversing the “Original” has to be the one and only commander of governing impulses, once the copying
machine is in operation. That is why the termical
points of each line, traced by the scanning head, are provided with micro switches (MS-6 at the left and
MS-7 at the right) on the “Original” part of the machine only. While MS-6 is fixed at the left hand margin, from where all operative actions will start,
MS-7 is displaceable fixed at the right hand margin, that will be stated for each individual item to be copied.The whole circuitry is being fed from a source of direct current of appropriate voltage for the circuit elements to be fed, usually 24 to 30 Volts d.c.
For running from left to right of the chariot-SHthe electromagnet RSd (or a relay, that commands such electromagnet, coil 75 of Fig. Ill if the magnetising power is not taken from the electronic dc source) should be energized. This may be started by a short pressure of the two-way switch Sw-T (switching transversal commands), that has been connected by dotted lines to the circuit diagram, and must be located on the machine in a place, easily accessible for the operator.
The current path for the right hand solenoid RSd will then be:- + terminal of dc source, through coil
RSd to associated switch- (or relay-) contacts RSd-b to be (as these contacts will change over when the coil is being energized and will hold this position then), from RSd-c to rest contact 7-a/7-c and on to terminal of dc source.
As explained with figure lil, the flange 64 of pulley 63 will engage driving pinion 44 of motor in such a way, that the chariot is being pulled from left to right, until it reaches and actuates margin-terminal switch
MS-7, that will then change over contact 7-c from 7-a to 7-b, thus cutting the energizing current circuit for
RSd, that will, in turn, release contacts RSd-c from -b back to -a.The two transistors TS-R (for right bound movement) and TS-L (for left bound movement), however, that are being kept suppressed from collector current through relay Ry-3, common to both collector-circuits, through the base voltages over
Zener diode ZD-3 that quenches all base current through the two transistors, will momentarily draw collector current, when 7-a opens from 7-c, thus omitting the Zener voltage for a short while, while the base of TS-R will be fed from + of dc source through coil RSd and contacts RSd-b and -c, through base resistance Ro-R, thus causing TS-R to draw current through relay Ry-3 for a short while until RSd contacts -b and -c will have opened. That attraction of Ry-3 will cause a short quenching pulse to the transistor TS-3 (left in the picture), that is almost continuously conductive and keeping relay Ry-2 in action (so keeping its contacts in the positions indicated, while their rest positions, that should be shown in circuit diagrams as a rule, have been given at the left hand side of same). This quenching pulse for TS-3, that causes de-energizing of relay Ry-2, is of very short duration, as the circuit Ro-3 to ry-3-b contacts/ry-3-c contacts to 7-b/7-c contacts (in the
mean time caused by the arrival of chariot-SH- at the extreme right position, pushing contacts 7-c to 7-b from 7-a), which short lasting circuit discharges condensor CT-2 of the base of transistor TS-3 and nearly short-circuits that base to the – of the dc source, equalling the quenching potential of Zener diode
ZD-3.The time required for re-charging of condensor
CT-2 through the base feed transistor Rb-3 until the
Zener voltage will be neutralized, equals the time during which relay Ry-2 will keep its contacts in the rest position (shown at the left). That means, that contact ry-2/-1 will be kept open, thus preventing the energizing pulse for LSd (the magnet, that will cause a reversal of movement of the chariot) to reach same and preventing that pulley 63 (of Figures III and Ill-A) will be clutched to flange 65 instead of to 64; further will contact ry-2/-2 be closed, thus keeping RSd magnet (coil 75 of fig. III) active despite the circuitinterruption through MS-7-a/-c, which keeps the belts 36 and 37 of figure IV running the right way round for the longitudinal transport of rolls 1, 1-a, 1-b and 2, 2-a, 2-b into the desired direction; further will contact ry-2/-3 be closed and that contact (though not completely shown in the circuit diagram) serves to command the energizing current through the solenoid of change-over magnet 24 of
Figure IV, thus causing the driving pulleys 13 and 14 to disengage from pulleys 38 and 39 respectively (thus preventing the belts/cords 41 and 42, so chariots 3 and 4, from transversal movements) and to engage with pulleys 11 and 12 respectively, thus driving both belts/cords 9 and 10 for the respective longitudinal steps of the rolls for original and copy respectively.By appropriate dimensioning of the capacity value of condensor CT-2 and resistance value of resistor Rb-3, a time-constant of adequate value for the intended duration of the longitudinal steps of the rolls, through the quenching pulse for transistorTS-3 resp. relay Ry-2, can be fixed, meeting desired degrees of precision of the copying process.
Upon the relay Ry-2 restoring its active function, ry-2/2 interrupts the energizing current for the RSd coil, while LSd, that commands the reversed motion of the chariots 3 and 4, comes into circuit, causing chariots 3 and 4 to run from right to left until MS-6 will be reached and, through action of contacts 6-c moving from 6-a to 6-b – thus activating TS-L for a short while – the whole cycle of momentous energizing of relay Ry-3 and quenching of TS-3 through a discharge of CT-2 that causes Ry-2 to change its contacts to their rest positions, will be repeated, as described for the right hand transistor with associated circuitry before. The governing left hand and right hand circuits are therefore symmetrical.
While the repeated change-over commands, derived from the end – of- transversal – path switches MS-6 and MS-7, preceeded by the unidirectional, longitudinal transportation steps of both rollcombinations will be understood from the foregoing description of the circuit diagram, it should be noted that relay-contact ry-2/-3 serves the energizing/cut out of circuit-functions for the change-over system 24/16 of Figure IV. The electric current source for the solenoid of 24 may be the same as for the electronic circuitry, but may also be a separate one, as the constant voltage requirements for the former are usually more severe than for the feeding current source of the magnetising coils.It is therefore thatthe direct current source for the magnet solenoids of the machines of this invention may be realized as a separate one, not feeding the controlling electronic circuitry as well, for economical reasons.
The contacts ry-2/-4 of Figure V may serve electric counting purposes for registration of operational steps of the machine, but may also serve to register (on tape etcetera) transportation-impulses for separate machines (as referred to before and to be described elsewhere), operative to the underlying principles of this invention, when all data of the scanned “original” are being registered together with the transversal and longitudinal transportation control signals.The push-button switch Sw-L, shown with dotted line connections to the rest of the circuitry, may serve for manual pulses to letthe rollcombinations 1, 1-a, 1-b (for the “original”) and 2, 2-a, 2-b (for the “copy”) move forward or backward in a longitudional sense of direction, by pressing at the same time switch Sw-Ttothe right or the left direction, as indicated in the diagram of Fig. V. This may be useful for the operator upon his arranging both papers, of original and copies to be made, into the right positions for the starting of the copying procedure.
The process (of copying any image or pattern to be reproduced on a modified scale) of this invention, makes use of the “scanning” opto-electronic unit, indicated as the “Scanning Head”, across the “Original” image-or pattern-bearing sheet of paper or other material, suitable for the purpose. A block circuit diagram of such opto-electronic register head is given in Figure Vl of the drawings.
An incandescent lamp throws a beam of light through lenses (not shown in the drawing) on the surface to be “scanned” ANd – through a mirrordirectly on the photo-sensitive surface of a photoelectric or photo-electronic element inside the “head”. The reflected amount of light is electrically compared with the direct radiation, that strikes the photosensitive surface, and the differential signal is being electronically amplified and thereupon being fed into a bistable multivibrator and through an electronic “NOT Gate” as frequently used in digital technics. The latter “Gate” presents an output voltage when the input voltage is ZERO. The Not Gate being followed by a change-over switch, (indicated positions are “Bright” and “Dark”) it is possible to send the input OR the output voltage level to the base of the following transistor as a governing signal. That means, that one can use the “Scanning
Head” for signalling either the black (dark) configurations of the “Original” or the white (blank) parts of the paper (or other material) on which the image or pattern to be copied have been imprinted, photocopied etc., by merely choosing the desired switch position “Dark” or “Bright”.
The transistor TS-1 becoming conductive through signal-pulse on the base, arriving from the changeover switch, a voltage drop across the collectorresistor Rc-1 will appear, whereas the light emitting diode LED will glow. A diode D-1 serves to protect the transistor from surge-voltages if an inductive load will be adapted across Rc-1. Condensor C-o serves to lead irregularities to earth level, whereas condensorC-1 serves to bridge inductance peaks that may occur as a transient during the on-off changes of TS-1. However, the voltage delivered by the transistor across output-terminals 8 and 9, is a d.c.-voltage of constant value, present or not present in respect of what the “Scanning Head” reads as black or bright parties on the “original”.So, if this output voltage were used to drive a copying stylus through electro-dynamic control of the position of the latter, that stylus would be pressed on the copy paper or would be lifted permanently during the “bright” or “dark” periods, met when scanning the original line by line. That means that, if the copying stylus is some kind of ink-writer, the supply of ink (through a thin tube or otherwise) should be very permanent, will the absorbation of ink by the copypaper not cause blank – or insufficiently covered spots on the copied picture. Moreover, considerable absorbtion of ink on relatively large surfaces of the copy-paper (that should be of cheap quality for the purpose chosen as an example!) would cause distortion of the paper surface due to stretching out of the wetted portions, which – in turn – causes irregularities of the copied image/pattern.
The invention offers three ways to overcome this undesirable effect.
The first is the use of a self-interrupting electrodynamic stylus command, that would cause a spotted line instead of a constant line. A second way is the governing of the change-over selecting switch (to that purpose replaced by a relay contact) by a relay across the output terminals 8 and 9, which relay also governs the actions of the stylus-system over the Copy paper. By so doing, each start of a “Dark” portion of the “original” item would cause stylus action for a moment, but also would change the response-effect to the “Bright” surface. That would result in another output-pulse upon the “Scanning Head” leaving the “Dark” portion and entering the “Bright” portion, which pulse – again would switch response-effect back to the “Dark” surface, and so on.By so doing, each beginning and end of dark and bright portions on the “original” would cause a marking plot of the stylus on the copy paper, so eliminating the need of covering relatively large surfaces with ink, as the contours only are required for the copies, in the case now chosen as an example of adaption of the invention.
A third way to cope with the forementioned difficulty is shown in the right part of circuitry of Figure Vl,outsidethe-. .-. .- line that encloses the parts assembled in the “Scanning and Register Head”.
Atransformer, fed from the alternating current
mains through terminals 1 and 2, feeds the incandescent lamp of the “Scanning Head” through secondary windings 1 and feeds a bridge type diode
rectifier DB through secondary windings 2. The direct current output voltage, that might eventually also feed the circuitry described with Figure V, appears between terminals 11 and 12, and is feeding the circuitry of transistor TS-2. The output signals of this transistor TS-2, between terminals 3 and 4, will govern the electro-dynamic Copying Head, described before. Two so-called “reed” relays are being adapted, one having an open rest position for reed contact rc-1, the coil 1 of which is connected across the output terminals 8 and 9 of the “Scanning
Head”.Upon being actuate by an output signal of -SH-, rc-1 will close the circuit for coil 2 of the reedcontact rc-2 (that has a closed rest position) and as soon as condensor CT-1 will be charged through limiting resistor Ro-1 to a sufficient high voltage that energizes coil-2 to actuate rc-2, the latter contact will open, thus disrupting the quenching voltage across
Zener diode ZD-1 that blocks TS-2 and thus passing a starting signal to the base of TS-2 through limiting resistor Ro-2 and limited by Zener diode ZD-2 as well. TransistorTS-2 will then actuate the Copying
Head-CH-fora shortwhileviaterminals3 and 4, but as the base feeding voltage has been blocked by the opening of contacts rc-2, TS-2 will again be quenched by the blocking-voltage across ZD-1, that will overrule the base.ZD-1 is being fed through resistor Rzd-1 and diode D-6 serves to protect the transistor against surge voltage peaks, caused by the inductive load in the collector/output circuit (terminals 3 and 4) by the electrodynamic “Copying Head”.
While rc-1 is kept closed all the time the “Scanning
Head” traverses a surface part of the “Original” that has the same light reflecting properties (either dark or bright). TS-2 is prevented from resuming conductivity; but, immediately upon the scanning head leaving a surface part of equal reflection, the current through coil 1, energizing reed contact rc-1, will be blocked; rc-1 opens and rc-2 closes again, thus allowing the voltage across the charged condensor
CT-1 to pass a “trigger” impulse to the base of transistor TS-2 via Ro-1 and rc-2 and Ro-2 respectively.
The voltage value of that trigger impulse is being limited to the Zener voltage across the protecting
Zener diode ZD-2, that has a somewhat higher value than the voltage across the “quenching” Zener diode ZD-1 in the emitter (emissor) circuit of TS-2.
The forementioned trigger impulse will cause another plotting action of the “Copying Head” -CHacross output terminals 3 and 4 of TS-2. This cyclus of impulses at the beginning and at the end of equally reflecting surface parts of the “original”
being traversed bythe”Scanning Head”, will be
repeated upon any change of reflection conditions of the image or pattern on the original, that will be
copied by the copying head -CH- on the copy-paper
of the combined machine in a similar way as with the foregoing, second method of controlling change
over commands with each plotting.
From this provisional specification of the present
invention it will be understood, that the combined machine (reading and copying items directly) as dis tint from adaption to separate machines of this
invention (reading and storing/recording “originals”
apart from “reproducing through tape controlled
governing of the copying machine) comprises all
mechanical, electronical and speed ratio items to
secure perfect to scale (up, or down, or equal) multi
ple reproductions OF ANY IMAGE/PATTERN of an
ORIGINAL.

Claims (4)

1. Improvements in or relating to the reproduction of images or patterns of any kind on a modified scale as embodied in a complete copying machine and characterized in that it comprises rotatable supporting roll assemblies (1) (2) of generally equal diameters and of adapted lengths, located underneath pairs of guiding rails 15) leading chariots (3) (4) along the lengths of said supporting rolls on which are being placed respectively: the sheet of material bearing the original images/patterns to be reproduced to scaled on one hand – and the material onto which a copy-to-scale of said original must be reproduced – on the other hand -; said chariots being equipped with opto-electronic scanning means (SH)/(3) – over the original – and with electrodynamic or electro-static reproducing means (CH)/(4) – over the copy surface – respectively; said scanning and reproducing means being interconnected by electronic amplifying and matching elements (Fig.VI) of appropriate kind, that incite the reproducing means (CH) to operate upon the scanning means (SH) being confronted with either blank or dark spots of the original, causing their respective reflection effects; said chariots being driven in transversal directions across the original and across the copy surface respectively by an electric motor (34) through mechanical driving means (Fig.II and
Ill) comprising exactly adjustable speed ratio elements to equal the desired scale ratio between original and copy, whereas the same adjustable ratio transmission drive actuates a longitudinal step by step displacement of the original and of the copy material respectively – through the rotatable supporting rolls (1) (2) bearing them – with exactly the same speed ratio between them (meaning exactly the same displacement ratio), upon each transversal line having been completed either way by the chariot (3) running along, as governed by an appropriate arrangement of end-switches, electronic and electro-magnetic means (Fig. V), that govern change-over means (24) and means of reversal (Fig.
III A) for the driving force derived from the motor (34) for ALL foresaid displacement operations of both chariots and of both supporting rolls and mechanisms, as assembled in this embodiment of a complete copying machine presented by this invention.

2. Improvements in or relating to the reproduction of images or patterns of any kind on a modifed scale, as claimed in Claim 1 for an embodiment in one completely combined copying machine, applied however, to an identical procedure spread overtwo separate machines, each having a driving motor and its appropriate driving mechanisms and characterized in that the operations of scanning are being performed by the first machine and in that the operations of reproducing the copies are being performed
by the second machine and to the desired scale,
either of which machines being equipped with a
rotatable carrying roll assembly of appropriate diameter and of adapted length, located underneath
a pair of guiding rails (5) in each machine, leading a
chariot along the length of the rotatable carrying roll
on which is being placed respectively: the sheet of
material bearing the original images/patterns to be reproduced – in the first machine – and the material onto which the copy-to-scale of said original must be reproduced – in the second machine-; said chariot being equipped with opto-electronic scanning means (SH) in the first machine and with electrodynamic or electro-static reproducing means (CH) in the second machine; said scanning means on the first machine terminating in and delivering electric scanning signals of adapted strength to a magnetic recording disc or tape assembly, preferably of the cassette-cartridge type, which recording system also receives change-over pulses from the end-of-line switches (6) (7) near the chariot (3) for longitudinal displacements of the carrying roll assembly (1) and reverse-of-direction pulses moreover, upon each transversal line having been completed either way by the chariot, said governing pulses being recorded on tracks separate from the blank/dark signals track, that is modulated by the output signals delivered by the scanning means (SH), ALL in the nowadays way of magnetic recording techniques; whereas the second machine-that may be located elsewhere, if desirable, or may be one out of a couple of second machines in several locations- is being (are being) equipped with a receptacle mechanism and with associated electronic circuitry for the pre-recorded disc or tape, and is provided with electric means for synchronisation of the START position of the chariot (4) – bearing the reproducing means (CH) – with the signal start position of the recording in respect of the line to be traversed across the copy material surface; said reproducing means being incited to operate upon reception of the image pattern signals from the pre-recording; whereas the governing signals for “end-of-line” displacement of the carrying roll assembly, followed by “reverse-of-direction” signals for the chariot, as delivered by separate tracks, are being lead to electro-magnetic means in this second machine, that govern/control ALL displacements operations of chariot and supporting carrying roll assembly respectively in the exact speed ratio to the speeds of identical movements in the first machine, so arriving at a modified scale of reproduction exactly as required – of the original of the first machine in these separate embodiments of the procedure of this invention, applied to machines matching each other to accomplish the reproductions required.

3. Improvements in or relating to the reproduction of images or patterns of any kind on a modified scale, as claimed in the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic output signals from the scanning means (SH), that are being fed to the electronic amplifying and matching elements that incite the reproducing means (CH) to operate and produce the required copy-to-scale of the original, in the case of adaption of this invention to the reproduction of patterns from lay-plans in the garment industry to produce actual size “Markers”, are being chosen to respond to the ‘fall-out’ portions of such plans only as these represent the minimal surface areas, which arrangement will activate the reproducing means
(CH) to plot or print these fall-out portions only on the copy material, thus leaving the real patterns as
blank diapositives on the “Marker” re-produced from the “Original” lay plan, thus saving the material of the marker from the absorbtion of ink etcetera on large areas and keeping the copy bearing material well to the required size.

4. Improvements in or relating to the reproduction of images or patterns of any kind on a modified scale, as claimed in the preceeding claims, characterized in that the traversing speeds of the chariots (3) and (4), bearing the scanning means (SH) and reproducing means (CH) respectively, are being adapted to the characteristics of the images/patterns that are being scanned spot by spot, in such a way, that both chariots run along their lines at “operational speeds” as long as the copying means (CH) must operate to cover fall-out portions, whereas both chariots are accellerated to “racing speeds” during confrontations of the scanning means (SH) with the larger dark portions of the patterns, that will remain uncovered areas on the reproduced copy, when the scanning means (SH) runs along its line of observations; while the foregoing “operational speeds” and “racing speeds” are always being kept to the exact mutual speed ratios, dictated by the ratio of the scale of reproductions, the step-up or step-down from operational speeds tot racing speeds and vice-versa is being governed by electronic means derived from the output signals from the (SH) scanning means, that in turn control the driving elements’ speed of rotation (motor) or of transmission units respectively, upon passing the required control pulses to the driving elements concerned after having left a certain time-delay to the scanners observation of the continuity of the following picture-elements, thus speeding up the overall performance of the machines of this invention by avoiding loss of time when the copying head passes line portions where it will remain inoperative.

GB7826414A
1978-06-06
1978-06-06
Facsimile copier with controlled reproduction scale

Withdrawn

GB2028050A
(en)

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GB7826414A

GB2028050A
(en)

1978-06-06
1978-06-06
Facsimile copier with controlled reproduction scale

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GB7826414A

GB2028050A
(en)

1978-06-06
1978-06-06
Facsimile copier with controlled reproduction scale

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true

GB2028050A
(en)

1980-02-27

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GB2028050A
(en)

1978-06-06
1978-06-06
Facsimile copier with controlled reproduction scale

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

GB2153617A
(en)

1983-04-19
1985-08-21
Paul Fuller
Enlarging multicolour printing apparatus

GB2160736A
(en)

1983-04-19
1985-12-24
Xafax Corp
Enlarging multicolour printing apparatus

GB2168216A
(en)

1984-11-19
1986-06-11
Canon Kk
A copying apparatus

1978

1978-06-06
GB
GB7826414A
patent/GB2028050A/en
not_active
Withdrawn

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

GB2153617A
(en)

1983-04-19
1985-08-21
Paul Fuller
Enlarging multicolour printing apparatus

GB2160736A
(en)

1983-04-19
1985-12-24
Xafax Corp
Enlarging multicolour printing apparatus

GB2168216A
(en)

1984-11-19
1986-06-11
Canon Kk
A copying apparatus

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