GB2031085A - Creation of Inventions and Patents with Artificial Intelligence

GB2031085A – Floating caliper disc brake
– Google Patents

GB2031085A – Floating caliper disc brake
– Google Patents
Floating caliper disc brake

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Info

Publication number
GB2031085A

GB2031085A
GB7933136A
GB7933136A
GB2031085A
GB 2031085 A
GB2031085 A
GB 2031085A
GB 7933136 A
GB7933136 A
GB 7933136A
GB 7933136 A
GB7933136 A
GB 7933136A
GB 2031085 A
GB2031085 A
GB 2031085A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
brake
disc
caliper
spring
holding spring
Prior art date
1978-09-30
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Granted

Application number
GB7933136A
Other versions

GB2031085B
(en

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Continental Teves AG and Co oHG

Original Assignee
Alfred Teves GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1978-09-30
Filing date
1979-09-25
Publication date
1980-04-16

1979-09-25
Application filed by Alfred Teves GmbH
filed
Critical
Alfred Teves GmbH

1980-04-16
Publication of GB2031085A
publication
Critical
patent/GB2031085A/en

1982-08-25
Application granted
granted
Critical

1982-08-25
Publication of GB2031085B
publication
Critical
patent/GB2031085B/en

Status
Expired
legal-status
Critical
Current

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Classifications

F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL

F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES

F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes

F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members

F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads

F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members

F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads

F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes

F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing

F16D55/227—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing by two or more pins

F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL

F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES

F16D65/00—Parts or details

F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof

F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor

F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes

F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor

F16D65/097—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts

F16D65/0973—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces

F16D65/0974—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces acting on or in the vicinity of the pad rim in a direction substantially transverse to the brake disc axis

F16D65/0977—Springs made from sheet metal

Abstract

A floating-caliper disc brake includes a brake-shoe holding spring (12) received in a radially outwardly open aperture (11) in the caliper (2) which spring (12) acts on brake shoes (6, 7) to urge them into engagement with abutment surfaces (29, 30) of a brake support member (1). As shown, the holding spring (12) is rigidly secured to the brake caliper (2) via a bolt (21) having an enlarged head (23) which is fastened to an end wail (22) of the aperture (11), and the spring (12) is formed of two leaf springs (14, 15) arranged as seen in Figs. 1, 3. The spring may also be formed integrally (see Figs. 6, 7).

Description

SPECIFICATION
Floating caliper disc brake
This invention relates to a floating caliper disc brake having an aperture open radially outwardly with respect to the brake disc for receiving a holding device including a holding spring urging the brake shoes, arranged on both sides of a brake disc, into engagement with radially extending abutment surfaces of a brake support member.
Brake-shoe holding devices of this type are known in various versions. In a known floating-caliper disc brake (as described in our ATE
Service Bulletin, Sheets 50.14-01 to 04 dated April 18, 1978) which includes an outwardly open aperture for radial removal of the brake shoes, the brake shoes are held by means of holding pins arranged in the brake caliper and penetrating the brake shoes’ backing plates. In the aperture a holding spring is arranged between the holding pins, which spring urges the brake shoes radially inwardly against the holding pins. The holding spring comprises two fixedly riveted leaf springs arranged at right angles to each other. The upper leaf spring fits across the brake shoe close to the caliper in a circumferential direction of the brake disc and engages underneath the holding pins, thereby urging the lower leaf spring against the brake shoes.In this arrangement, the lower leaf spring bears with its reduced and inwardly bent back end on the brake shoe close to the caliper and holds that brake shoe firmly in its position, whilst its longer end is arranged to contact the brake shoe close to the piston through a step pointing to the brake disc, thereby urging that brake shoe against its abutment surface.
The free end is bent outwardly at right angles and bears with its abutment surface thus formed against the aperture’s wall close to the piston. The geometrical form of the holding spring ensures that the brake shoe close to the piston is firmly urged into engagement with its radial abutment surface over its entire range of movement in the brake caliper. This type of brake-shoe holding device, however, can be only used in conjunction with existing holding pins and, as a result, is only suitable for use with brake calipers having a large aperture to receive the brake shoes and the holding pins.
According to the present invention there is provided a floating-caliper disc brake comprising a brake caliper, a brake disc, an actuating piston arranged on one side of the brake disc, a brake support member, brake shoes arranged on both sides of the brake disc and a resilient brake-shoe holding device including a holding spring, the brake caliper having an aperture open radially outwardly with respect to the brake disc for receiving the holding spring, and wherein the spring is such as to urge the brake shoes into engagement with radially extending surfaces of the brake support member and is rigidly held on the brake caliper on the side of the brake shoe actuable by axial movement of the brake caliper and remote from the brake disc.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which;
Figure 1 is a sectional view of a floatingcaliper disc brake including one form of a resilient brake-shoe holding device;
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the floatingcaliper disc brake;
Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view through the holding spring of Figs. 1 and 2;
Figure 4 is a view of the holding spring of
Figs. 1 to 3, viewed from the fastening side;
Figure 5 is a view of an alternative form for the portion of the holding spring bearing on the brake shoe close to the caliper;
Figure 6 is a view of another form of holding spring, and
Figure 7 is a top plan view of the integrally formed holding spring of Fig. 6.
Figs. 1 and 2 show a floating-caliper disc brake with a brake-shoe holding device. A sliding arrangement 1 3 holds the brake caliper 2 axially and slidably on a brake support member 1 which receives the brake torque and guides and holds with its arms 4 and 5 fitting over the brake disc 3 the brake shoes 6 and 7. A piston actuating device arranged in the leg 8 of the brake caliper 2 acts with its piston 10 directly on the brake shoe 7 and urges it into abutment with the brake disc 3, in order to then displace the brake caliper 2 axially by its reaction force, as a result of which the brake caliper’s leg 9 moves the brake shoe 6 into abutment with the brake disc, too.The brake caliper has a radially outward, with respect to the brake disc, open aperture 11 in which a holding spring 1 2 is arranged which is fitted into the aperture with small clearance in respect of its width. The holding spring 12, shown on an enlarged scale in Fig. 3, comprises two superimposed leaf springs 1 4 and 1 5 which are congruently connected at end 1 6 thereof. The end 1 6 is bent to form a right angle and carries a bore 1 7 with a slot 1 8 therein.The congruently connected ends are at a distance A from each other on the level of the slot, and the ends 1 9 and 20 lying opposite the end 1 6 are bent back inwardly, with the longer end 20 being slightly curved towards the back of the spring.
The holding spring 12 is hooked on a bolt 21 which is secured to the wall 22 of aperture 11 lying opposite the piston 1 0. The head 23 of the bolt has a slightly smaller diameter than the bore 1 7 in the holding spring 12, the section 24 lying underneath corresponds in its diameter to the width of the slot 1 8 in the holding spring and in its length to the thickness of the end 1 6 of the holding spring composed of the leaf springs 1 4 and 1 5. The bolt 21 has another section 25 of still smaller diameter which extends through a bore 26 in the wall 22 of the aperture, so that the step 28 of section 24 to section 25 abuts the wall 22, and the extending end 27 is expanded such that the bolt fits tightly in the brake caliper 2.The hooked-in holding spring 1 2 is held at the bolt by frictional engagement because the spring end 1 6 had to be compressed when hooked in, and in the fitted state it will additionally press itself into the slot 1 8 as a result of the reaction force of its spring ends 1 9 and 20 bearing on the brake shoes 6 and 7. Thus the holding spring 1 2 urges the brake shoes into engagement with their radially extending abutment surfaces 29 and 30 on the brake support member arms 4 and 5 and secures itself in its mounting.The spring ends 1 9 and 20 are so designed that the end 1 9 bearing on the brake shoe close to the caliper secures the brake shoe 6 firmly in position only at the leg 9 of the brake caliper 2, while the spring end 20, which bears on the brake shoe 7 close to the piston, as a result of its inclined position relative to the direction of movement of the brake shoe in the direction of the brake disc, exerts a restoring force on the brake shoe in addition to the radial press-on force. The curvature pointing to the brake outer edge causes a nearly constant restoring force to be achieved, because the diminishing stiffness of the spring towards its end is compensated for by an increased excursion.
Fig. 5 is enlarged view of an alternative form of a leaf spring 141 bearing on the brake shoe 6 close to the caliper. The end 1 42 bearing on the brake shoe has resilient tabs 144 and 145 arranged in the brake-disc circumferential direction. The end 142 is split by a slot 143. This design permits a particularly smooth spring force.
Figs. 6 and 7 show an integrally formed holding spring 1 21 lending itself to particular ease of manufacture. The basic shape of the spring can be punched. Then the end 1 26 is bent to form a right angle and is provided with the fastening opening 1 25. The otward edges 122 and 123 of the spring are bent back to form tongues and both bear on the brake shoe 6 close to the caliper, the middle portion 1 24 is bent downwardly and shaped so as to produce a curvature pointing to the brake disc.
By rigidly fastening the holding spring with a rectangularly bent end to the aperture’s wall which is opposite the piston and in parallel with the brake shoes, it is achieved that the fastening means lie within the brake and consequently the outer dimensions are not changed thereby. By directly fastening the rectangularly bent end of the holding spring, part of the holding spring serves at the same time as a support which results in added material economy.
Designing the holding spring such that a bore with a slot formed in the direction of the brake-disc axis is provided in the rectangularly bent end of the holding spring, with which bore it hooks on a bolt having a head and secured to the wall of the aperture, ensures a readily disengageable fastening permitting fitting and dismantling of the spring manually without special tools. Following fitting, the holding spring is secured in its mounting by the spring ends bearing against the brake shoes.
If the distance between the head of the bolt and the wall of the brake caliper is chosen such that it corresponds exactly to the thickness of the fastening end of the holding spring, and if the holding spring bears on the caliper outside the place of fastening and is securely held in position in the brake caliper in the brake-disc circumferential direction by the walls of the aperture, then it is immovably held in a stable position in the brake caliper, even in the event of the spring breaking as a result of which, relative to the fastening point, one-sided force impact would be exerted on the holding device.
By designing the holding spring such that it is composed of two different leaf springs whose fastening ends are superimposed in a congruent manner whilst their other ends each bear on a different brake shoe, it is achieved that the points of impact of the leaf springs lie on a straight line including the fastening point on the brake caliper, so that there occurs no tilting moment about the fastening point, not even in the event of breakage of the spring.
By providing the leaf spring bearing on the brake shoe close to the caliper with resilient tabs extending on its free end in the brakedisc circumferential direction and acting on the brake shoe as in Fig. 5, it is achieved that the press-on force is smoother and more equally spread to the brake shoe. The smoothness of the spring can be increased still further by the provision of a slot splitting the free end of the leaf spring.
If the holding spring composed of the two leaf springs is so assembled that they are connected at their congruent ends and spaced at the point of impact of the fastening means of the brake caliper, the holding spring is held in frictional engagement with the brake caliper immediately it hooks on the brake caliper.
Also, it is securely maintained in position when the brake caliper is dismantled for pad replacement.
If the holding spring is formed of a leaf spring bearing with each of its ends on a brake shoe and being held by a rectangular, rigid elbow fitted to its back and hooked on the aperture’s wall opposite the piston, simple leaf springs may be used, and manufacturing costs for specially shaped leaf springs will not be incurred.
Because the holding spring, which has its one end bent to form a right angle and hooked in the aperture of the brake caliper, is integrally formed and bears with its other end formed by tongues on the brake shoes, the manufacture of the holding spring is simplified substantially. The need to assemble the holding spring from several elements is obviated because the holding spring can be punched as a whole as in Figs. 6 and 7.
If the holding spring is so designed that the tongue bearing on the brake shoe close to the piston is inclined at such an angle to the direction of movement of the brake shoe that it exerts a restoring force on it, it is ensured that the brake shoe close to the piston is spaced from the brake disc following each braking action. This effect can be achieved most simply by providing the section lying between the fastening point and the end of the tongue bearing on the brake shoe close to the piston with a curvature pointing to the brake disc, which curvature engages the backing plate of the brake shoe close to the piston.
If the leaf springs of the holding spring are so designed that their free ends bearing on the brake shoes are bent back inwardly, the spring action achieved is substantially smoother. It is thus possible to obtain a nearly constant restoring force along the whole travel of wear of the brake shoe close to the piston by providing the holding spring’s tongueshaped, rearwardly bent end which bears on the brake shoe close to the piston, with a curvature pointing towards the brake caliper’s radial outer rim.

Claims (18)

1. A floating-caliper disc brake comprising a brake caliper, a brake disc, an actuating piston arranged on one side of the brake disc, a brake support member, brake shoes arranged on both sides of the brake disc and a resilient brake-shoe holding device including a holding spring, the brake caliper having an aperture open radially outwardly with respect to the brake disc for receiving the holding spring, and wherein the spring is such as to urge the brake shoes into engagement with radially extending surfaces of the brake support member and is rigidly held on the brake caliper on the side of the brake shoe actuable by axial movement of the brake caliper and remote from the brake disc.

2. A disc brake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holding spring is rigidly fastened via a rectangularly bent end thereof to the wall of the aperture which is opposite the actuating piston and in parallel with the brake shoes.

3. A disc brake as claimed in claim 2, wherein a bore, with a slot, arranged in a direction parallel to the brake-disc axis is provided in the rectangularly bent end of the holding spring, and wherein the spring bore hooks on a bolt having an enlarged head secured to the wall of the aperture.

4. A disc brake as claimed in claim 3, wherein the distance between the head of the bolt and the wall of the aperture corresponds exactly to the thickness of the rectangularlybent fastening end of the holding spring.

5. A disc brake as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the holding spring bears on the caliper radially outside the place of fastening.

6. A disc brake as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the holding spring is securely held in position in the brake caliper in the brake-disc circumferential direction by the walls of the aperture.

7. A disc brake as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the holding spring is composed of two different leaf springs whose fastening ends are superimposed in a congruent manner whilst their other ends each bear on a respective brake shoe.

8. A disc brake as claimed in claim 7, wherein the leaf spring bearing on the brake shoe actuable by the caliper and on the side of the disc remote from the piston is provided with resilient tabs extending on its free end in the brake-disc circumferential direction and acting on that brake shoe.

9. A disc brake as claimed in claim 8, wherein the leaf spring bearing on the brake shoe actuable by the caliper is provided with a slot splitting its free end.

10. A disc brake as claimed in claim 7, wherein the congruent ends of the leaf springs are so connected that they are at a predetermined distance from each other at the point of impact of the fastening means on the brake caliper.

11. A disc brake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holding spring is formed as a leaf spring bearing with each of its ends on a respective brake shoe and held by a rectangular, rigid elbow fitted to a back portion thereof and hooked on a wall of the aperture opposite the piston.

1 2. A disc brake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holding spring has one end thereof bent to form a right angle, is hooked in the aperture of the brake caliper, and is integrally formed and bears with its other end, formed as tongues, on the brake shoes.

1 3. A disc brake as claimed in any one of the claims 7, 11 or 12, wherein the leaf spring portion bearing on the brake shoe close to the piston is inclined at such an angle to the direction of movement of the brake shoe that it exerts a restoring force on it.

14. A disc brake as claimed in any one of the claims 7, 11 or 12, wherein the section of the leaf spring lying between the fastening point and the end of the leaf spring portion bearing on the brake shoe close to the piston is curved towards the brake disc, which curvature engages the brake shoe close to the piston.

15. A disc brake as claimed in any one of the claims 7, 11 or 12, wherein the ends of the leaf spring or springs are bent back inwardly with respect to the caliper.

1 6. A disc brake as claimed in claim 15, wherein the end of the holding spring is tongue-shaped, rearwardly bent, bears on the brake shoe close to the piston, and is curved towards the brake caliper’s radially outer rim.

1 7. A floating-caliper disc brake substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, Fig.
5, or Figs. 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.

18. A holding spring for use in a floatingcaliper disc brake as claimed in any one of the preceding claims when made or sold separately.

GB7933136A
1978-09-30
1979-09-25
Floating caliper disc brake

Expired

GB2031085B
(en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title

DE19782842790

DE2842790A1
(en)

1978-09-30
1978-09-30

SPRING BRAKE SHOE BRACKET FOR A SWIMMING CALIPER DISC BRAKE

Publications (2)

Publication Number
Publication Date

GB2031085A
true

GB2031085A
(en)

1980-04-16

GB2031085B

GB2031085B
(en)

1982-08-25

Family
ID=6051064
Family Applications (1)

Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date

GB7933136A
Expired

GB2031085B
(en)

1978-09-30
1979-09-25
Floating caliper disc brake

Country Status (6)

Country
Link

DE
(1)

DE2842790A1
(en)

ES
(1)

ES245834Y
(en)

FR
(1)

FR2437528A1
(en)

GB
(1)

GB2031085B
(en)

IT
(1)

IT1123344B
(en)

SE
(1)

SE437864B
(en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

GB2258505A
(en)

1991-08-09
1993-02-10
Teves Gmbh Alfred
Floating-caliper spot-type disc brake for high-powered vehicles

US11060574B2
(en)

2016-05-20
2021-07-13
Knorr-Bremse Systeme Fuer Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh
Disc brake for a utility vehicle, brake pad and brake pad set

US11359684B2
(en)

2016-05-20
2022-06-14
Knorr-Bremse Systeme Fuer Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh
Disc brake for a commercial vehicle, brake pad, and brake pad set

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

FR2582365B1
(en)

1985-05-22
1987-07-24
Bendix France

SPRING FOR DISC BRAKE AND DISC BRAKE PROVIDED WITH SUCH A SPRING

DE8906980U1
(en)

1989-06-07
1990-10-04
Lucas Industries P.L.C., Birmingham, West Midlands, Gb

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

DE2212464C3
(en)

1970-04-28
1979-09-20
Alfred Teves Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt

Combined return and hold-down spring

FR2245227A5
(en)

1973-04-19
1975-04-18
Dba

DE2340241C3
(en)

1973-08-09
1983-12-08
Alfred Teves Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt

Floating caliper, partially lined disc brakes, in particular for motor vehicles

1978

1978-09-30
DE
DE19782842790
patent/DE2842790A1/en
active
Granted

1979

1979-09-20
SE
SE7907786A
patent/SE437864B/en
not_active
IP Right Cessation

1979-09-25
GB
GB7933136A
patent/GB2031085B/en
not_active
Expired

1979-09-26
FR
FR7923904A
patent/FR2437528A1/en
active
Granted

1979-09-26
IT
IT2600679A
patent/IT1123344B/en
active

1979-09-28
ES
ES1979245834U
patent/ES245834Y/en
not_active
Expired

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

GB2258505A
(en)

1991-08-09
1993-02-10
Teves Gmbh Alfred
Floating-caliper spot-type disc brake for high-powered vehicles

GB2258505B
(en)

1991-08-09
1995-06-14
Teves Gmbh Alfred
Floating-caliper spot-type disc brake for vehicles

US11060574B2
(en)

2016-05-20
2021-07-13
Knorr-Bremse Systeme Fuer Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh
Disc brake for a utility vehicle, brake pad and brake pad set

US11359684B2
(en)

2016-05-20
2022-06-14
Knorr-Bremse Systeme Fuer Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh
Disc brake for a commercial vehicle, brake pad, and brake pad set

Also Published As

Publication number
Publication date

GB2031085B
(en)

1982-08-25

ES245834U
(en)

1980-01-16

DE2842790A1
(en)

1980-04-10

FR2437528A1
(en)

1980-04-25

IT7926006D0
(en)

1979-09-26

SE437864B
(en)

1985-03-18

DE2842790C2
(en)

1988-02-25

ES245834Y
(en)

1980-07-01

IT1123344B
(en)

1986-04-30

SE7907786L
(en)

1980-03-31

FR2437528B1
(en)

1982-06-18

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