GB1572418A – Method of producing a container containing a chemical composition
– Google Patents
GB1572418A – Method of producing a container containing a chemical composition
– Google Patents
Method of producing a container containing a chemical composition
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Info
Publication number
GB1572418A
GB1572418A
GB45853/77A
GB4585377A
GB1572418A
GB 1572418 A
GB1572418 A
GB 1572418A
GB 45853/77 A
GB45853/77 A
GB 45853/77A
GB 4585377 A
GB4585377 A
GB 4585377A
GB 1572418 A
GB1572418 A
GB 1572418A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
recess
combination
chemical composition
composition
oxygen
Prior art date
1976-11-03
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB45853/77A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1976-11-03
Filing date
1977-11-03
Publication date
1980-07-30
1977-11-03
Application filed by Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA
filed
Critical
Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA
1980-07-30
Publication of GB1572418A
publication
Critical
patent/GB1572418A/en
Status
Expired
legal-status
Critical
Current
Links
Espacenet
Global Dossier
Discuss
239000000126
substance
Substances
0.000
title
claims
description
45
239000000203
mixture
Substances
0.000
title
claims
description
44
238000000034
method
Methods
0.000
title
claims
description
27
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N
atomic oxygen
Chemical compound
[O]
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
claims
description
41
229910052760
oxygen
Inorganic materials
0.000
claims
description
41
239000001301
oxygen
Substances
0.000
claims
description
41
238000003825
pressing
Methods
0.000
claims
description
16
238000006243
chemical reaction
Methods
0.000
claims
description
14
239000000463
material
Substances
0.000
claims
description
10
238000007789
sealing
Methods
0.000
claims
description
6
238000003466
welding
Methods
0.000
claims
description
5
239000002184
metal
Substances
0.000
claims
description
4
238000000462
isostatic pressing
Methods
0.000
claims
description
2
239000003795
chemical substances by application
Substances
0.000
claims
1
XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Chlorate
Chemical compound
[O-]Cl(=O)=O
XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M
0.000
description
8
238000009826
distribution
Methods
0.000
description
4
238000004519
manufacturing process
Methods
0.000
description
4
238000000465
moulding
Methods
0.000
description
3
238000003860
storage
Methods
0.000
description
3
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
water
Substances
O
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
3
239000003708
ampul
Substances
0.000
description
2
230000000694
effects
Effects
0.000
description
2
239000000843
powder
Substances
0.000
description
2
230000000241
respiratory effect
Effects
0.000
description
2
230000029058
respiratory gaseous exchange
Effects
0.000
description
2
BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane
Chemical compound
FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl
BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.000
description
1
229910000831
Steel
Inorganic materials
0.000
description
1
230000001427
coherent effect
Effects
0.000
description
1
238000010276
construction
Methods
0.000
description
1
238000001816
cooling
Methods
0.000
description
1
239000011521
glass
Substances
0.000
description
1
238000009413
insulation
Methods
0.000
description
1
230000001105
regulatory effect
Effects
0.000
description
1
230000002000
scavenging effect
Effects
0.000
description
1
238000000926
separation method
Methods
0.000
description
1
238000007493
shaping process
Methods
0.000
description
1
239000007787
solid
Substances
0.000
description
1
125000006850
spacer group
Chemical group
0.000
description
1
239000010959
steel
Substances
0.000
description
1
Classifications
A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
A62B21/00—Devices for producing oxygen from chemical substances for respiratory apparatus
Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
Y10T29/00—Metal working
Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Y10T29/49879—Spaced wall tube or receptacle
Description
PATENT SPECIFICATION
( 11) 1 572 418 Application No 45853/77 ( 22) Filed 3 Nov 1977 Convention Application No 2650349 ( 32) Filed 3 Nov 1976 in ( 33) Fed Rep of Germany (DE) ( 44) Complete Specification Published 30 Jul 1980 ( 51) INT CL 3 A 62 B 21/00 ( 52) Index at Acceptance C 1 A K 7 A B 3 A 83 A 13 83 A 9 83 B 4 ( 54) A METHOD OF PRODUCING A CONTAINER CONTAINING A CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ( 71) We, DRAGERWERK AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, a German Company, of Moislinger Allee 53-55, 2400 Lubeck, Federal Republic of Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a method of producing a container containing a chemical composition and to the product of the method.
Chemical oxygen generators are used for providing a ready supply of oxygen in breathing apparatus and resuscitation apparatus In chemical oxygen generators, the oxygen is present in a chemically combined form and is released when required in the course of a chemical reaction If the reaction is to proceed in a regulated fashion, the chemical composition must be present to a specific uniform density.
From German Published Patent Specification No 2142185, a chemical oxygen container is known wherein the actual generator body is made from the chemical mixture in various ways and then arranged in a sheet metal container closed in air-tight manner.
To produce a solid, self-supporting generator body, the following methods are used:
(i) The chemical mixture in powder form is moistened with trichloro-trifluoroethane, pressed in a mould and dried in an oven after being taken from the mould The pressing is carried out in several operations, and the material for an ignition cone is formed in one end of the generator body.
(ii) The chemical mixture in powder form is pressed in the dry state, and a position for inserting an ignition cone is provided in one end of the generator body.
The ignition cone is inserted after the generator body has been removed from the mould.
(iii) The chemical mixture is heated to a viscous state and cast in a mould Separation from the mould is brought about by the shrinkage of the cast generator body on 50 cooling.
(iv) The chemical mixture is extruded from the hot molten condition.
When using the moulding methods, the desired density for the generator body is 55 determined by the moulding pressure which is to be used To initiate the reaction, when it is desired to start operation, it is possible to ignite the ignition cone by means of a safety match, an electrical ignition wire or, in the 60 case of an ignition cone which can be ignited by means of the addition of water, by breaking a water-filled glass ampoule A disadvantage is that according to the aforesaid methods because of difficulty in 65 moulding or removing from the mould or because of insufficient stability when handling, it is not possible to produce oxygen generators with generator bodies of small cross-section and considerable length such as 70 are desirable for producing a small oxygen flow (that is to say the quantity of oxygen released per unit of time) over a relatively long period of use.
From United States Patent No 3861880 is 75 known a chemical oxygen generator which has a cylindrical sheet metal container as its housing In this container a chlorate ignition plug is provided as an oxygen-producing chemical composition The plug is in the form 80 of an hexagonal column which tapers towards one hexagonal end and tapers towards a rectangular shape at the other end, the narrow sides thereof corresponding to two opposite sides of the hexagon The chlorate 85 ignition plug is a moulded article of stable shape which is mounted between yieldable mats at its end faces and is centred by an impact plate The longitudinal sides have no insulation and are situated at a sufficient 90 ( 21) ( 31) 00 r 04 c m t_ In To ( 19) 1,572,418 spacing from the wall of the container for the passage of the oxygen The rectangular end of the moulded article rests on the bottom of the container by way of the lower supporting mat The shape of the moulded article, tapering to both ends, is intended to bring about a uniform release of oxygen It is a disadvantage that the shape of the chlorate ignition plug can be modified only within narrow limits and more particularly a construction of the oxygen generator with a chlorate ignition plug of small cross-section and considerable length is not possible since the strength of the moulded article would be insufficient during handling, the introduction of the moulded article into the container would be difficult, and the external shape of the container would not be handy.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a container containing a chemical composition, comprising providing sheet material parts whereof a part is of metal and has a recess therein, introducing a chemical composition into said recess, and with said composition present in said recess, pressing together said sheet material parts with deformation of said recess, and fixing together said sheet material parts.
Owing to the invention it is possible to produce a chemical oxygen generator in a rational manner with variably defined reaction characteristics The chemical oxygen generator produced by the method can be inexpensive, reliable in use, and adjusted in the optimum manner to the particular use intended.
In a preferred embodiment of the present method, after the chemical composition has been filled into a recess in a recessed plate and has been covered with a planar plate, the two plates are tacked to one another by spot welding, pressed against one another in an isostatic pressure apparatus, with deformation of the recess, and then closed in a gastight manner at their edges which lie against one another.
The advantages which are obtained with this embodiment consist particularly in that robust oxygen generators with container shapes which can be selected within wide limits and chemical composition arrangements which can likewise be selected from a wide choice can be produced in a rational manner With the method of introducing the chemical composition into the container and then pressing the chemical composition including the container, shapes are possible which could not be achieved with previously known methods, since the subsequent introduction of a preformed chemical composition moulded article into narrow, deep and possibly curved containers is not practical.
Because of the enveloping container which surrounds the chemical composition, the oxygen generator is stable and the chemical composition moulded article is protected even as it is being produced, so that damage during fitting, storage and use of the apparatus cannot occur As a result a very 70 considerable guarantee is given against irregularity in oxygen production during use, in conjunction with the uniform pressing process Because of the shaping of the container, particularly its portions which deter 75 mine the outline of the chemical composition, the pattern of oxygen production most suitable for the particular case in question can be achieved directly by the predetermining of the cross-sections of the chemical composi 80 tion and indirectly by the predetermined distribution of the reaction heat produced.
The distribution of the reaction heat into the environment by conduction or the preheating of adjacent regions has an effect on the speed 85 of reaction of the chemical composition by way of the temperature of the composition.
The distribution of the reaction heat can be influenced also by choice of material and the wall thickness of the container Arrange 90 ments of the chemical composition with a small cross-section and a considerable length can easily be managed As a result it is possible to produce oxygen generators which give a moderate flow of oxygen over a rela 95 tively long period of time The shape of the container can be adapted to the requirements of the apparatus within which the containers are to be used.
In another preferred embodiment of the 100 present method, after the filling of the chemical composition with the aid of an auxiliary cone into a chamber formed between two short tubular elements fitting one within the other, of which the outer 105 tubular element is provided with a recess, the outer tubular element is pushed axially fully on to the inner tubular element, the tubular elements are closed in a gas-tight manner at their end edges which lie on one another, and 110 they are pressed against one another in an isostatic pressure apparatus with deformation of the recess.
With this embodiment the advantages already described are also obtained 115 Furthermore, the tubular shape in addition to providing great stability affords the advantage of good utilisation of space within the apparatus whose oxygen source the oxygen generator constitutes, since individual 120 parts of the apparatus, such as a flexible supply tube and breathing mask, can be arranged in the interior of the tubular oxygen generator in the condition of readiness for use 125 The recess is advantageously defined by a corrugation in the recessed plate or the outer tubular element, the cross-section of this corrugation being in the form of an angle with unequal sides, or of a plurality of arcs con 130 3 1,572,418 3 nected to one another in such a manner as to form inflections These initial shapes are convenient since they exhibit a clear folding behaviour during the isostatic pressing operation, so that a uniform initial crosssection results in a uniform cross-section after pressing and thus it is ensured that the chemical composition has a coherent pattern after pressing.
If desired, the longitudinal axis of the recess may be sinuously curved With such a meandering shape, narrow and long recesses can be arranged in a small space in an advantageous manner The arrangement of the convolutions and their spacing from one another makes it possible to influence the distribution of the reaction heat and thus the production of oxygen.
The recess may vary in cross-section along its longitudinal axis This allows a non-uniform oxygen flow to be preset by constructional means.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a front elevation of an oxygen generator of a flat shape, Figure 2 shows a diagrammatic section taken on the line II-II of Figure 1, Figure 3 shows a cross-section through a part of the generator before pressing, Figure 4 shows a cross-section through that part after pressing, Figure 5 shows a cross-section through a modified version of that part before pressing, Figure 6 shows a cross-section through that modified version after pressing, Figure 7 shows a front elevation of an oxygen generator of a cylindrical shape, and Figure 8 is a vertical axial section through the oxygen generator of Figure 7 illustrating a filling operation.
According to Figures 1 and 2, the oxygen generator comprises a container 1 which consists of a planar plate 2 and a recessed plate 3 which is provided with a recess 4 defined by a corrugation 5 The plates 2 and 3 are made of a soft sheet steel The recess 4 is given the shape of a sinuously curved line; one end 6 of the recess 4 is closed in itself, the other end 7 opens towards the edge of the plate 3 by way of a widened portion 8 The recess 4 enclosed between the plates 2 and 3 contains an oxygen-producing chemical composition 9 and a per se known ignition device 10, for example a breakable water ampoule, is situated at the open end 7 The edges of the plates 2 and 3 lying on one another are connected in a gas-tight manner to one another by an encircling electrical weld seam 11 During storage the open end 7 is closed and protected by a sheet 12.
The oxygen generator according to Figures 1 and 2 is produced as follows The plate 3 is supported in a horizontal position, the recess 4 being directed upwards In the initial state, the preformed corrugation 5 has a cross-section which is in the form of an angle 70 with unequal sides (see Figure 3), or which is in the form of arcs interconnected by inflections (see Figure 5) Then the recess 4 is filled with the chemical composition 9 Instead of the ignition device 10 a spacer element of the 75 same size is first of all inserted After the planar plate 2 has been put on, the plates 2 and 3 are connected by spot welding 13 Then the entire arrangement is put into an elastic housing of an isostatic pressure apparatus, 80 and subjected to hydraulic pressure all round.
The chemical composition 9 is compressed to the state required for an orderly carrying-out of the reaction In the pressing, the wall of the corrugation 5 which transmits the external 85 pressure to the chemical composition 9 is changed, to the accompaniment of folding, from the shape shown in Figure 3 or 5 into the shape shown in Figure 4 or 6 After the pressing, the edges of the oxygen generator 90 except for the open end 7 are closed in a gas-tight manner by the weld seam 11, the ignition device 10 is inserted and the open end 7 is closed by the sheet 12.
During use, the oxygen generator is con 95 nected with a respiratory apparatus not shown here which in addition to a holder for the oxygen generator comprises arrangements for collecting and distributing the oxygen which is produced After at least 100 partial removal of the sheet 12, by operating the ignition device 10 the reaction of the chemical composition 9 is initiated, and this progresses gradually through the chemical composition 9 from the open end 7 to the end 105 6 The oxygen produced passes out at the open end 7 Because of the widened portion 8, relatively large cross-sections are provided at the beginning of the reaction, and therefore a greater flow of oxygen, than during the 110 subsequent course of the reaction This can be advantageous for the filling and scavenging of the respiratory apparatus.
Referring to Figures 7 and 8, a container 14 of the oxygen generator comprises a smooth 115 inner short tubular element 15 and a recessed outer short tubular element 16 provided with a recess 17 Depending on conditions, the tubular elements can be produced from tubing, plates with subsequent rounding and 120 welding, or in any other way The recess 17 is defined by a sinuous corrugation 18 which, except for its curvature, corresponds to the corrugations it opens at its end 19 by way of a widened portion 20 towards the end edge of 125 the tubular element 16 There, it contains the ignition device 10 and it is protected during storage by being closed by the sheet 12 The recess 17 enclosed between the tubular elements 15 and 16 contains the chemical 130 1,572,418 1,572,418 composition 9.
As shown in Figure 8, the method of filling with the chemical composition 9 is that the tubular elements 15 and 16 are inserted one in the other to such an extent that the upper portions 21 of the convolutions of the sinuous recess 17 still project unclosed above the upper end 22 of the tubular element 15 At their portions contacting one another, the tubular elements 15 and 16 fit together in an axially mobile manner, but without any clearance During the filling operation, the interior of the tubular element 15 is covered by an auxiliary cone 23 placed on the end 22.
After filling has been completed, the tubular elements 15 and 16 are inserted completely one in the other and surplus chemical composition 9 is removed, together with the cone 23 Then the sealing of the edges is carried out by welding at 24, pressing is carried out and production continues similarly to what was described hereinbefore for the generator of flat shape.
Claims (19)
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1 A method of producing a container containing a chemical composition, comprising providing sheet material parts whereof a part is of metal and has a recess therein, introducing a chemical composition into said recess, and with said composition present in said recess, pressing together said sheet material parts with deformation of said recess, and fixing together said sheet material parts.
2 A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fixing comprises sealing said parts together in a gas-tight manner.
3 A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said pressing is performed in an isostatic pressing apparatus.
4 A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said sheet material parts comprise a recessed plate formed with said recess and another plate, and, following said introducing but prior to said pressing, the plates are tacked together.
A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said plates are tacked together as aforesaid by spot welding.
6 A method as claimed in claim 4 or 5 as appended to claim 2, wherein said sealing comprises sealing together edges of said plates.
7 A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said sheet material parts comprise first and second tubes of which the first tube is formed with said recess, and wherein, prior to said introducing, the tubes are inserted one into the other to a partial extent, said introducing is performed, the tubes are fully inserted one into the other, and said fixing is performed.
8 A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said introducing is performed while a cone is located co-axially on the inner of the tubes to guide said composition into said recess.
9 A method as claimed in claim 7 or 8 as appended to claim 2, wherein said sealing comprises sealing together end edges of said 70 tubes.
A combination of a container and a chemical composition and produced by a method as claimed in any preceding claim.
11 A combination as claimed in claim 1 ( 1, 75 wherein said composition is one which produces oxygen by thermal reaction.
12 A combination as claimed in claim 11, wherein said recess has a unilateral outlet for said oxygen 80
13 A combination as claimed in claim 11 or 12, and further comprising an ignition device for said composition.
14 A combination as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein said recess is 85 defined by a corrugation in said part.
A combination as claimed in claim 14, wherein the cross-section of said corrugation is in the form of an angle with unequal sides.
16 A combination as claimed in claim 14, 90 wherein the cross-section of said corrugation is in the form of a plurality of arcs interconnected with inflections.
17 A combination as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein said recess is of a 95 meandering form.
18 A combination as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein said recess varies in cross-section along its length.
19 A method of producing a container 100 containing a chemical composition, substantially in accordance with any example hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A container containing a chemical 105 composition, substantially in accordance with any example hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
HASELTINE, LAKE & CO, Chartered Patent Agents, 110 Hazlitt House, 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London WC 2 A l AT also 115 Temple Gate House, Temple Gate, Bristol B 51 6 PT and 9 Park Square, 120 Leeds L 51 2 LH, Yorks.
Printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
by Croydon Printing Company Limited Croydon, Surrey 1980.
Published by The Patent Office 25 Southampton Buildings.
London WC 2 A l AY, from which copies may be obtained.
GB45853/77A
1976-11-03
1977-11-03
Method of producing a container containing a chemical composition
Expired
GB1572418A
(en)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title
DE2650349A
DE2650349C3
(en)
1976-11-03
1976-11-03
Process for the manufacture of a chemical oxygen generator
Publications (1)
Publication Number
Publication Date
GB1572418A
true
GB1572418A
(en)
1980-07-30
Family
ID=5992343
Family Applications (1)
Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date
GB45853/77A
Expired
GB1572418A
(en)
1976-11-03
1977-11-03
Method of producing a container containing a chemical composition
Country Status (6)
Country
Link
US
(1)
US4189460A
(en)
CA
(1)
CA1102098A
(en)
DE
(1)
DE2650349C3
(en)
FR
(1)
FR2369869A1
(en)
GB
(1)
GB1572418A
(en)
NL
(1)
NL7711236A
(en)
Families Citing this family (3)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
FR2436120A1
(en)
*
1978-09-12
1980-04-11
Basset Bretagne Loire
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AGGLOMERATED POWDER ELEMENTS
DE4007274A1
(en)
*
1990-03-08
1991-09-12
Planeta Hausgeraete
Cartridge for dispensing oxygen – comprises closed pipe coil in housing with opening tool
CN111085524B
(en)
*
2019-12-24
2021-10-08
中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所
Harmless treatment method for used oxygen candle
Family Cites Families (7)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
FR579835A
(en)
*
1924-04-05
1924-10-24
Apparatus device emitting fumes, absorbed by respiration
FR850195A
(en)
*
1938-02-11
1939-12-09
Chemical cartridge for breathing apparatus and gas protection
US2450610A
(en)
*
1944-01-08
1948-10-05
Edwin G Pierce
Air filter
US2764475A
(en)
*
1953-09-18
1956-09-25
Mine Safety Appliances Co
Oxygen generating candle and method of making it
US2970414A
(en)
*
1958-12-18
1961-02-07
Howard A Rohdin
Method and apparatus for blister packaging
US3516797A
(en)
*
1967-04-03
1970-06-23
Automatic Sprinkler Corp
Chemical oxygen generator
US3726649A
(en)
*
1971-11-11
1973-04-10
Thiokol Chemical Corp
Demand gas generator system using solid propellant
1976
1976-11-03
DE
DE2650349A
patent/DE2650349C3/en
not_active
Expired
1977
1977-10-13
NL
NL7711236A
patent/NL7711236A/en
unknown
1977-10-20
US
US05/844,058
patent/US4189460A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime
1977-10-31
CA
CA289,850A
patent/CA1102098A/en
not_active
Expired
1977-11-02
FR
FR7733483A
patent/FR2369869A1/en
active
Granted
1977-11-03
GB
GB45853/77A
patent/GB1572418A/en
not_active
Expired
Also Published As
Publication number
Publication date
CA1102098A
(en)
1981-06-02
FR2369869A1
(en)
1978-06-02
DE2650349C3
(en)
1980-09-11
US4189460A
(en)
1980-02-19
DE2650349A1
(en)
1978-05-11
DE2650349B2
(en)
1980-01-10
NL7711236A
(en)
1978-05-08
FR2369869B1
(en)
1982-10-22
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(en)
1979-08-08
Method and apparatus for producing and burning hydrogen gas
ES409527A1
(en)
1975-11-16
Apparatus for the production of gas
Legal Events
Date
Code
Title
Description
1980-10-29
PS
Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
1990-06-27
PCNP
Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
