GB1572525A - Creación de Inventos y Patentes con Inteligencia Artificial

GB1572525A – Electronic musical instruments
– Google Patents

GB1572525A – Electronic musical instruments
– Google Patents
Electronic musical instruments

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Publication number
GB1572525A

GB1572525A
GB14427/77A
GB1442777A
GB1572525A
GB 1572525 A
GB1572525 A
GB 1572525A
GB 14427/77 A
GB14427/77 A
GB 14427/77A
GB 1442777 A
GB1442777 A
GB 1442777A
GB 1572525 A
GB1572525 A
GB 1572525A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
memory
waveform
addresser
signal
circuit
Prior art date
1976-04-06
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

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Application number
GB14427/77A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Nippon Gakki Co Ltd

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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1976-04-06
Filing date
1977-04-05
Publication date
1980-07-30
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1977-04-05
Application filed by Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
filed
Critical
Nippon Gakki Co Ltd

1980-07-30
Publication of GB1572525A
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patent/GB1572525A/en

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Expired
legal-status
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Classifications

G—PHYSICS

G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS

G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE

G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments

G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos

G10H1/04—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation

G10H1/053—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only

G10H1/057—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by envelope-forming circuits

G10H1/0575—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by envelope-forming circuits using a data store from which the envelope is synthesized

G—PHYSICS

G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS

G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE

G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs

G10H7/02—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs in which amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform are stored in one or more memories

G10H7/04—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs in which amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform are stored in one or more memories in which amplitudes are read at varying rates, e.g. according to pitch

Description

PATENT SPECIFICATION
( 11) 1 572 525 ( 21) Application No 14427/77 ( 22) Filed 5 Apr 1977 ( 19) ( 31) Convention Application No 51/038466,( 32) Filed 6 Apr 1976 in ( 33) Japan (JP) ( 44) Complete Specification Published 30 Jul 1980 ( 51) INT CL 3 G 10 H 5/00 ( 52) Index at Acceptance G 5 J 1 A l B 2 X 3 D 3 X ( 54) IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS ( 71) We NIPPON GAKKI SEIZO KABUSHIKI KAISHA a corporation duly organized under the laws’ of Japan, and having its place of business at 10-1 Nakazawa-cho, Hamamatsu-shi Shizuoka-ken, Japan do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:i’he present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and more particularlv to an electronic musical instrument capable of simulating natural sounds by a waveform memory system.
Previously many attempts have been made to electronically or electrically reproduce by electronic musical instruments, natural sounds existing in the natural world and to produce arbitrary artificial sounds.
For example according to one proposed method original sounds are recorded on a magnetic tape or the like recording medium and the recorded sound information is reproduced by mechanically driving the magnetic tapes selectively upon depressions of kevs in an electronic musical instrument.
Such method therefore is not purely electronic Accordingly it is difficult to quickly and faithfully follow up the depressions of keys which are performed at a high speed.
Furthermore in such a case the rise and fall of a produced musical sound becomes very unnatural due to the mechnical nature of the tape feed.
There are many problems which are encountered in electronically synthesizing natural sounds Generally speaking, a natural sound consists of an extremely complicated combination of such factors as amplitude frequency and phase Moreover all these factors varv with time Therefore, it has been practically impossible to satisfy all such conditions i e it has not been possible to reproduce all the complicated variations.
Thus, attempts to simulate natural sounds existing in the natural world have not succeeded at least in practice.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome partially or wholly the above mentioned disadvantages by providing an electronic musical instrument capable of perfectly simulating natural sounds existing in the natural world and further capable of generating a variety of artificial sounds as musical sounds.
According to the present invention, there is provided an electrical musical instrument including; keyboard means for producing key depression and release signals in response to the operation of each key in the keyboard: a waveform memory storing sample values of a waveform at respective addresses of the memory; and an addresser connected to said waveform memory and to said keyboard means for addressing the waveform memory in response to the key depression signal, thereby to produce a tone signal; said waveform memory storing a multiplicity of cycles of vibration with an amplitude defining at least an attack portion of a tone to constitute a tone waveform having at least an attack envelope.
According to a first embodiment of the present invention, the waveform memory stores a waveform from its attack portion to its decay portion.
Preferably, in such an embodiment, the electronic musical instrument further includes a second memory storing a decay envelope, a second addresser connected to the keyboard means, and a multiplier connected to the waveform memory and to the second memory, said second addresser addressing the second memory in response to the key release signal thereby to produce a decay envelope signal, said multiplier multiplying said tone signal and said decay envelope signal.
1 572 525 According to a second embodiment of the present invention, the electronic musical instrument further includes:
a second memory storing sample values of a waveform defining at least one tone duration; a second addresser connected to said second memory and to the first addresser for repetitively addressing the second memory immediately the first addresser finishes addressing the waveform memory, thus producing a tone signal of a constant amplitude:
a third memory storing a decay envelope; a third addresser connected to said third memory and to said first addresser for addressing the third memory immediately the first addresser finishes addressing the waveform memory, thus producing a decay envelope signal; a multiplier connected to said second memory and to said third memory for multiplying said tone signal and said decay envelope signal:
and an adder connected to said waveform memory and to said multiplier for adding the outputs from the waveform memory and the outputs from the multiplier.
According to a third embodiment of the present invention the electronic musical instrument further includes:
a second memory storing sample values of a waveform defining at least one tone duration:
a second addresser connected to said second memory and to the first addresser for repetitively addressing the second memorv immediately the first addresser finishes addressing the waveform memory, thus producing a tone signal of a constant amplitude:
a third memory storing a decay envelope:
a third addresser connected to said third memory and to said keyboard means for addressing the third memory in response to said key release signal, thus producing a decay envelope signal, a multiplier connected to said second memory and to said third memory for multiplying said tone signal and said decay envelope signal, and an adder connected to said waveform memory and to said multiplier for adding the outputs from the waveform memory and the outputs from the multiplier.
According to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, the electronic musical instrument further includes:
a second memory storing sample values of a waveform defining at least one tone duration.
a second addresser connected to said second memory and to the first addresser and the keyboard means for repetitively addressing the second memory immediately the first addresser finishes addressing the waveform memory and until it receives said key release signal, thus producing a tone signal of a constant amplitude; a third memory storing sample values of a waveform constituting many cycles of vibration with an amplitude defining a decay portion of a tone having a decay envelope:
a third addresser connected to said third memory and to said keyboard means for addressing the third memory in response to said key release signal; and an adder connected to said waveform memory and to said second and third memories for adding the outputs from said three memories.
The term «waveform memory refers to a system for storing sample values of a waveform of a musical sound to be produced and for reading out these sample values at a selected speed such as the system disclosed in U S Patent No 3,515,792 In the known prior art waveform memory the system stores the waveform of a standard sound in one period without its envelope information added The envelope shaping is performed by separately generating the envelope information and multiplying it with the waveform signals which are repeatedly read out from the memory.
In this specification, the term «complete waveform» of a musical sound refers to a tone waveform which is modified with an envelope shaping, whereas the term »tone waveform» refers to a tone waveform without envelope shaping having taken place.
Thus, a waveform memory stores the «complete» waveform of the whole or a part of one musical tone For saving the number of bits of the memory means, it is preferably to store the «complete» waveform for only a part of a musical tone From this point of view, the «complete» waveform in the attacking period of a musical tone may be stored in a memory and the waveform of the remainder of the period of the musical tone may be formed by repeatedly reading out a standard waveform from another memory which independently has memorized the standard waveform and mutiplying the signal repeatedly read out from said another memory by a sustaining envelope and/or decaying envelope to constitute the abovesaid complete waveform for the remaining period Such arrangement is particularly suitable for generating percussive tones such as the sounds of a piano.
The present invention will now be described in greater detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a keyboard device:
Figures 2 a to 2 f show waveforms at various outputs of the keyboard device 1 572 525 shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a block diagram of a first preferred form of an electronic musical instrument, Figures 4 and 5 are block diagrams of an addresser and a self-holding flip-flop loop used in the first embodiment shown in Figure 3; Figures 6, 7 and 8 are block diagrams of second, third and fourth forms of electronic musical instruments: and Figure 9 is a block diagram of a modified embodiment of an electronic musical instrument.
Throughout the embodiments to be described, similar keyboard devices are used.
Therefore, the keyboard device will be described first.
Figure 1 shows a keyboard circuit for an individual key Similar circuits are also provided for the other keys of the keyboard.
A key switch KSW connects the power supply from a voltage source E to a circuit for generating various key operation signals.
A differentiation circuit comprises resistors R., and R, and a capacitor Cl Another differentiation circuit comprises a capacitor C 2 and a resistor R 2 Diodes D, and D 2 are used for blocking pulses of negative polarity Inverters INV 1 to INV 4 invert the polarity of the input signals.
A point Z is earthed through the resistor R, and connected to the voltage source E through the key switch KSW The voltage from the voltage source E appears at the point Z during the period that the key is depressed Thus, a key depression signal A is generated upon depression of a key as shown in Figure 2 a The inverter INV 4 forms an inverted or complimentary key depression signal A as shown in Figure 2 b.
The key depression signal A is differentiated by the differentiation circuit comprising the resistors R(, and R, and the capacitor Cl to generate a positive and a negative pulse corresponding to the key release is blocked by the diode D /s Thus the diode D, supplies only the key depression pulse signal KD as shown in Figure 2 c The inverter INV 1 inverts the polarity of this key depression pulse to generate an inverted or complimentary key depression pulse KD as shown in Figure ‘d Further the key depression signal A is inverted through the inverter INV, and then differentiated by the differentiation circuit comprising the capacitor C, and the resistor R, to generate a negative and positive pulse signal at the times of key depression and key release.
The negative pulse corresponding to the key depression is blocked by the diode D-.
Thus, the diode D, provides the key release pulse signal KR as shown in Figure 2 e The inverter INV 3 inverts the polarity of this key release pulse to generate the inverted or complimentary key release pulse signal KR as shown in Figure 2 f In this way, the keyboard device provides a group of signals upon each operation.
Referring now to the first embodiment shown in Figure 3 the electronic musical instrument is arranged so as to provide percussive tones In this embodiment, the «complete» waveform for one musical tone is stored in and read out from a memory, which may provide all the attack, sustain and decay envelopes when the key is depressed and kept depressed Another memory is provided for damping the musical tone upon release of the key when the damper pedal is not depressed.
The memories WM 3, and WM 32 are respectively addressed by addresser circuits AD 31 and AD 32 The first waveform memory WM 31 stores therein the complete waveform from the attack to the decay of a tone (curve a), whilst the second memory WM 32 stores a damping envelope signal (curve b).
Therefore, when the read-out of the second waveform memory WM 32 is initiated, for example by the release of the key while reading out the first waveform memory WM 31, waveform and envelope signals which are read out from the respective waveform memories WM 3, and WM 32 are multiplied in a multiplier unit MU 301 to provide a resultant waveform of which the decay becomes faster from the time of the key release as shown by curve c Accordingly, when the percussive tone of a sound of a piano or the like hammered or plucked stringed instrument, is stored in the first waveform memory WM 31 and a suitable decay envelope signal in the second waveform memory WM 32, a very excellent simulation of the percussive tone is obtained It will be appreciated that the memory contents in the two memories WM 31 and WM 32 may be arbitrarily altered in conformity with the nature of the intended sound.
When a key depression pulse KD as shown in Figure 2 c is generated by a key depressing operation as described in connection with Figure 1, a flip-flop FF 31 is set to produce a Q output Clock pulses t) of a predetermined frequency are then transmitted through an AND circuit AND 31 to the addresser circuit AD 31, which sequentially generates a pulse at each output, to thereby address the waveform memory, WM 31 to read out the waveform which is stored therein When the addresser circuit AD 3, generates the last bit output, the flip-flop FF 31 is re-set, and the reading-out of the waveform memory WM 31 terminates.
The circuit detail of the addresser circuit AD 31 is shown in Figure 4, and comprises a counter 41 and a decoder 42 The content of the addresser circuit AD 31, i e the content of the counter 41, is cleared by the key 1 572 525 depression pulse KD before the initiation of counting Other addresser circuits referred to in this specification may have similar structures The waveform memory WM 31 may consist of a ROM Other memories referred to in this specification may have similar structures.
Now, let us assume that the key releasing operation is conducted while the first waveform memory WM 31 is being read out and that a damper pedal is released and an associated damper switch DP is closed for effecting an abrupt decay of the sound.
When the damper switch DP is open, a voltage +V is applied to an inverter INV 31 through a resistor R 311 When the damper switch DP is closed, zero or earth potential 0 is applied to the inverter INV 3, and accordingly the output of the inverter INV 31 becomes » 1 » When the key is released with the damper switch DP closed, a key release pulse KR as shown in Figure 2 e is applied to and transmitted through and AND circuit AND 32 and an OR circuit OR 31 to a D-type flip-flop FF 32 Under these conditions, the flip-flop FF 3 ‘ provides a Q output The Q output is delivered to AND circuits AND 33 and AND 34 The inverted key depression pulse KD which is applied to the AND circuit AND 3 is »1 when the key has been released Furthermore, the output of an inverter INVY, which is applied with the final bit output of the addresser circuit ADA 3 is also applied to the AND circuit AND 33 and is -1 since there is as vet no output at the final stage of the addresser circuit AD 32.
Accordingly the AND circuit AND 33 satisfies the AND condition and feeds the Q output of the flip-flop FF 32 back to the input of the same flip-flop FF 32 through the OR circuit OR 31 Therefore, the flip-flop FF 32 is self-held.
The self-held flip-flop FF,3 permits the clock pulses p of the predetermined frequency to pass through an AND circuit AND 34 and enter into the addresser circuit AD 32 The addresser circuit AD 32 addresses the second memory WM 3,2 storing the decaving envelope signal to read out the samle values of the memory content When an output is generated at the final stage of the addresser circuit AD 32, the output of the inverter INV 3 becomes ‘0 » and the AND condition for the AND -circuit AND 33 is destroyed Therefore, the self-holding of the flip-flop FF is released, and the drive of the addresser circuit is terminated In order to prepare for the key release and a re-depression of the key, the addresser circuit AD 32 has its content cleared by either the key depression pulse KD or the key release pulse KR through the OR circuit OR 3, As described above, a rapidly decaying envelope is imparted to the waveform which is read out from the first waveform memorv WM 31, i e multiplied in the multiplier unit MUM( by the closure of the damper switch DP and the key release Thus, the so-called damper effect is generated by which the volume of the sound decreases quickly after the release of the key.
Figure 5 shows a self-holding flip-flop circuit in which an output of a D-type flip-flop FF 5, can be made to self-hold by a loop including an OR circuit OR 5 ( 1 and an AND circuit AND 11 ( in the manner as described above Since such self-holding circuit will also be used in the following embodiments, detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.
The second embodiment is shown in Figure 6, in which the «complete» waveform is stored in a memory only for the attacking period of a musical tone.
Although the embodiment is suitable for obtaining a percussive tone similar to the first embodiment, the use thereof is not restricted to the generation of such percussive tones.
This embodiment uses three memories WM 61, WM 62 and WM 63 which are respectively addressed by addresser circuits AD 61.
AD 6,2 and AD 63 The first waveform memory WM 6, stores therein the complete waveform in the attack period, the second waveform memory WM 6,2 stores sample values of the waveform defining at least one tone duration, and the third waveform memory WM 63 stores a waveform envelope ranging from the sustain to the decay, which envelope follows the attack Therefore, when the envelope shaping is performed while reading out the second memory WM 6, following the reading-out of the first waveform memory WM 61, the musical sound having similar effects as those of the first embodiment can be produced using simpler memories than those in the first embodiment Here, the memory content of the third waveform memory WM 63 may not include the sustain envelope.
The construction and the operation of the second embodiment will be more clearly appreciated through the following description of the processes of forming a musical sound.
The arrangement of a flip-flop FF 61, an AND circuit AND 6, and an addresser circuit AD 61 for addressing sampling values in the waveform memory WM 61 upon arrival of a key depression pulse KD is similar to the arrangement for addressing the first waveform memory WM 31 in the first embodiment Thus the description thereof is omitted here When the reading-out of the first waveform memory WM,1 which stores the complete waveform of the attack period terminates and the final bit output of the addresser circuit AD 61 is generated this 1 572 525 final bit output signal re-sets the flip-flop FF,,, The final bit output is also utilizea as a signal IMF for driving the addresser circuits AD 6,2 and AD 63 which address the second and third memories WM 62 and WM 63.
A D-type flip-flop FF 1,2 is set through an OR circuit OR 6, by the signal IMF The output of the flip-flop FF 62 is self-held when the AND condition of an AND circuit AND 62 is satisfied The flip-flop FF 62 supplies clock pulses (p of a predetermined frequency to the addresser circuit AD 62 through an AND circuit AND 63 Thus, the addresser circuit AD 62 is driven to read out the content of the second memory WM 62.
The AND condition for the AND circuit AND 62 for generating an output » 1 » is that the inverted key depression signal KD is » 1 » and also the inverted output DF (inverted by an inverter INV 62) of the output DF from the final stage of the addresser circuit AD 63 assigned for addressing the third memory WM 63 is » 1 «- Therefore, unless the readingout of the third memory WM 63 has terminated after the depression of the key the AND condition of the AND circuit AND 62 holds and the flip-flop FF 62 self-holds.
A D-type flip-flop FF 3,3 for driving the addresser circuit AD 63 is self-held by the loop of an OR circuit OR 62 and an AND circuit AND 64 under the conditions to those for the self-holding of the flip-flop FF 62.
The addresser circuit AD 63 for addressing the third memory WM 63 is supplied with a drive signal when the AND condition of AND circuit AND,,5 is satisfied One input of the AND circuit AND 65, is the output of the self-holding flip-flop FF 63, and the other is a decay instruction signal DY which is formed in the following manner.
There are three kinds of decay instruction signal DY Firstly when a key is being depressed and when a key depression signal A (Figure 2 a) is generated, the AND condition of an AND circuit AND 66 is satisfied by a clock signal Ol_ of a comparatively long period of clock synchronization.
In consequence the addresser circuit AD 63 addresses the third waveform memory WM,, at a comparatively slow speed corresponding to the clock signal ( 1 _ Accordingly.
the decay envelope waveform which is comparatively slow is multiplied with the waveform which is read out from the second waveform memory WM,2 in a multiplier unit MU,6, The resulant waveform is supplied through an adder SM,0.
Secondlv, when the key is not depressed and the inverter key depression signal A (Figure 2 b) is generated and when the damper pedal is depressed and the pedal switch DP is opened, the AND condition of an AND circuit AND,, is satisifed and the comparatively slow decay envelope is given to the musical sound by the same clock signal OL as in the first case.
Thirdly, when the output of an inverter INV 6, becomes » 1 » upon the release of the damper pedal to close the pedal switch DP and when the key is not depressed and the inverted key depression signal A is generated, the AND condition of an AND circuit AND 67 is satisfied, and a clock signal PH of a comparatively short period is transferred through an OR circuit OR 63 to the addresser circuit AD 63 In consequence, the addresser circuit AD 63 addresses the third waveform memory WM 63 at a comparatively high speed Accordingly, a rapidly decaying envelope waveform is imparted in the multiplier unit MU 601 to the waveform which is read out from the second memory WM 62.
Thus, succeeding to the read-out output of the first waveform memory WM 61, the above-described waveform is delivered from the adder SM 601 The third addresser circuit AD 63 is cleared by either the key depression pulse KD or the key release pulse KR supplied through an OR circuit OR 64 as in the case of the first embodiment.
As will be understood from the above, in the second embodiment, the whole waveform of the attack part is read out from the first waveform memory WM 61 immediately after the depression of the key Following the reading-out of the waveform in the attack part, the second memory WM 62 is repeatedly read out These repeatedly readout waveforms are multiplied by either (a) the slow decay envelope, irrespective of the depression or release of the key if the damper switch DP is opened or (b) the rapid decay envelope, immediately after the release of the key when the damper switch DP is closed.
The third embodiment is shown in Figure 7, in which a tone waveform is caused to decay to zero without using a damper pedal.
As will be appreciated from Figure 7, the third embodiment may be regarded as a modification of the second embodiment.
The third embodiment comprises three memories WM 71 WM 72 and WM 73 which are respectively addressed by addresser circuits AD 71 AD 72 and AD 73 The first waveform memory WM 7, stores the complete waveform in the attack period, the second memory WM 71 stores at least one period of the tone waveform; and a third memory WM 73 stores an envelope waveform from the sustain to the decay, which envelope shape follows the attack Therefore, after reading out the first waveform memory WM 71 the second memory WM 72 is subsequently read out repeatedly, and the envelope waveform which is read out from the third memory WM 73 in correspondence with the release of the key is multiplied in a multiplier unit MU 701 with the output of the second waveform memory WM 72 A signal 1 572 525 representing a muscial sound is output from an adder SM 70.
The construction and the operation of this embodiment will now be described in greater detail in the following description relating to the process for forming a musical tone The arrangement of a flip-flop FF 71, an AND circuit AND 7, and an addresser circuit AD 71 for addressing sampling values in the first waveform memory WM 61 upon arrival of a key depression pulse KD is similar to those in the first and the second embodiment The output signal from the final stage of the addresser circuit AD 71 is used as the re-set signal for the flip-flop FF 71 and also as the start signal IMF for the addresser circuit AD 72 which addresses the second memory WM 72 These points are similar to those in the second embodiment, 2 () and will be apparent without further description.
In performing the reading-out of the second memory WM 72, a D-type flip-flop FF 72 is set through an OR circuit OR 71 by the signal IMF, and the output of the flip-flop FF 7, is self-held when the AND condition for an AND circuit AND 72 is satisfied The addresser circuit AD 72 is driven through an AND circuit AND 73 by clock pulses (p of a predetermined period to read out the content of the second memory WM As is the case with the AND circuit AND 5,2 of the second embodiment, the inputs to the AND circuit AND 72 are formed with the inverted key depression pulse KD and the inverted output DF of the output DF of the final stage the addresser circuit AD 73 as is obtained bv an inverter INV,.
The reading-out of the third memory WM,, is performed in the following manner A D-type flip-flop FF 73 is set through an OR circuit OR 72 by a key release pulse KR The output of the flip-flop FF 73 is self-lheld when the AND conditiion for an AND circuit AND 74 is satisfied A clock signal CK 70 drives the addresser circuit AD,, through an AND circuit AND 75.
When the kev is released a key release pulse KR is generated and it sets the flip-flop FF 73 through an OR circuit OR 72.
Since the input conditions of the AND circuit AND 74 are similar to those for the AND circuit AND,, associated with the second memory WM 72 the output of the flip-flop FF 73 is self-held Thus as one input of the AND circuit AND 75 continuously received a -1 signal the AND condition for the AND circuit AND 75 is satisfied when the other input receives the clock signal CK 71, The addresser circuit AD 7, performs addressing at the period determined bv the clock signal CK 70) and the content of the third memorv WM 73 is read out As will be appreciated from the above description, the clock signal CK 701 determines the rate of decay and it may be arranged to be arbitrarily selectable When the addresser circuit AD 73 provides an output from its final stage, the decay is terminated The output from the final stage is inverted in the inverter INV 701 to form the decaytermination instruction signal DF The decay-termination instruction signal DF supplies a » O » to one input of each of the AND circuits AND 72 and AND 74 Therefore, the AND circuits AND 72 and AND 74 lose the AND condition and hence the inputs of the second and third addresser circuits AD 72 and AD 73 disappear Consequently, the reading-out of the second and the third memories WM 72 and WM 73 is terminated.
To summarize the operation of the third embodiment the compete waveform in the attack period is read out from the first waveform memory WM 71 and is output through the adder SM 70 immediately after the depression of the key, and subsequently, the content of the second memory WM 72 storing the tone waveform devoid of the envelope shaping is repeatedly read out toform the sustain part of the tone Without the key releasing operation, the output of the second memory WM 72 continues to be delivered through the multiplier unit MU 7 () and the adder SM 70, When the key release pulse KR is generated by the key releasing operation, the decaying envelope which is stored in and read out from the third memory WM 73, is multiplied in the multiplier unit MU 71, with the waveform which is read out from the second memory WM 72.
Thus, the musical sound is allowed to decay to zero.
The attack waveform is formed bv the use of the first waveform memory WM 71 the sustain waveform by the second memory WM 72 and the decay waveform by the combination of the second and third memories WM 72 and WM 73.
The fourth embodiment is shown in Figure 8 in which the complete waveforms in the attack and the decay of a musical sound are read out from waveform memories.
The fourth embodiment also utilizes three memories WM 81, WM 8, and WM 83 which are respectively addressed by addresser circuits AD 81, AD 82 and AD 83 The first waveform memory WM 8, stores the complete waveform in the attack of the tone, the second memory WM 82 stores a tone waveform corresponding to one fundamental period or a multiple thereof, and the third waveform memory WM 83 stores the complete waveform in the decay period of the tone Therefore subsequent to the readingout of the attack waveform from the first waveform memory WM 81 the sustain waveform is repeatedly read out from the second 1 572 525 waveform memory WM 82 in conformity with the continuation of the sustain Subsequent to the termination of the reading-out of the second memory WM 82, the decaying waveform is read out from the third memory WM 83 Thus, a musical tone signal is suitably generated through an adder SM 18 (.
The construction and operation of the fourth embodiment will now be described in greater detail relating to the processes for forming a muscial tone signal.
The arrangement of a flip-flop FF 8 I, an AND circuit AND 81 and the addresser circuit A Ds, which addresses the first waveform memory WM 81 upon arrival of the key depression pulse KD is similar to the arrangement in the first embodiment The output signal from the final stage of the addresser circuit AD 8, serves as the re-set signal for the flip-flop FF 81 and also as the start signal of the addresser circuit AD 82 which addresses the second memory WM 82.
These features are similar to those described in the second and third embodiments, and therefore they are not repeated here.
When the reading-out of the complete waveform in the attack period from the first waveform memory WM 8, terminates, a Dtype flip-flop F 7,12 is set through an OR circuit OR A, by the signal IMF and the output of the flip-flop FF 82 is self-held when the AND condition for an AND circuit AND 82 is satisfied The addresser circuit AD 8 S is driven by clock pulse Q of a predetermined period through an AND circuit ANDE 3 to read out the content of the second memory WM 82 Here as are the case with the AND circuits AND 62 and AND 72 of the second and third embodiments the input signals of the AND circuit AND 52 comprise the inverted key depression pulse KD and the inverted output DF of the output df of the final stage of the third addresser circuit AD 83 formed by an inverter INV 82 The output of an AND circuit AN Dg 4 is used as an input of the AND circuit AND 82 Inputs of the AND circuit AND 84 comprise a Q output from the flip-flop FF 82 and an output from an inverter INV 8, As will be described later, the output of the inverter INV 8, is 1 ‘ under the depression of the key Therefore, if the Q output of the flip-flop FF 82 is provided, the AND conditions for the AND circuit AND 84 and accordingly the AND circuit AND 82 is satisfied.
In this manner, the reading-out of the second memory WM 8, is performed The reading-out is repeated until the key is released In order to read out the second memory WM 82 the addresser circuit AD 82 transmits an output signal 2 MF from its final stage to an AND circuit AND 86, at every cycle of addressing As will be described below insofar as the key releasing operation is not conducted, the AND condition for the AND circuit AND 86 is not satisfied.
Next, when a key release pulse KR is generated in correspondence with a key releasing operation, a D-type flip-flop FF 83 is set through an OR circuit OR 82, and the output of the flip-flop FF 83 is self-held when the AND condition for an AND circuit AND 85 is satisfied The AND circuit AND 85 has input signals similar to those of the AND circuit AND 82 Thus, one input of the AND circuit AND 86 becomes » 1 ‘ When the signal 2 MF which is the other input to the AND circuit AND 86 arrives, the AND condition for the AND circuit AND 86 i S satisfied Consequently, the AND circuit AND 86 provides an output, which sets a D-type flip-flop FF 84 through an OR circuit OR 83 The set output of the flip-flop FF 84 forms one of the input signals to an AND circuit AND 87 which has input signals similar to those of the AND circuit AND 85 The AND circuit AND 87 and an OR circuit OR 83 form a loop with the flip-flop FF 84 to self-hold the flip-flop FF 84 On the other hand, the set output of the flip-flop FE 84 changes one of the input conditions of the AND circuit AND 84 to a » O » through the inverter INV 81 Therefore, the AND condition for the AND circuit AND 84 and accordingly the AND circuit AND 82 is lost and the circuits are inhibited The self-holding of the flip-flop FF 82 is released and the reading-out of the second memory WM 82 is stopped As will be apparent from the above explanation, there may be a possibility that the reading-out of the second memory WM 82 continues for some period after the generation of the key release pulse KR (although such time period is of no problem in the auditory sense of the tone) This is attributed to the fact that, in general, the generation of the key release pulse KR and the generation of the output signal 2 MF from the final stage of the addresser cicuit AD 82 are not simultaneous Moreover, the output of the second memory WM 82 and that of the third memory WM 83 need be continuous It is therefore desirable to address the third memory WM 83 after the second memory WM 82 has been addressed to the last stage.
The Q output of the flip-flop FF 84, which has served to stop the readout of the second memory WM 82 drives the addresser circuit AD 83 through an AND circuit AND 88 by the clock pulses of the predetermined period Then, the content of the third memory WM 83 is read out It has been previously stated that the third memory WM 83 stores the complete waveform in the decay period of the tone instead of only a decaying envelope shape Upon termination of the reading-out from the third memory WM 83, the inverted output DF of the final 1 572 525 bit output of the addresser circuit AD 83 is generated Therefore, one input of each of the AND circuits AND 2,,ANDX 5 and AND 87 becomes » O «, and the flip-flops FF 82, FF 83 and FF 14 become ready for the next key depression.
The complete waveform in the attack is read out from the first waveform memory WM,8 and is output through the adder SM 8,) immediately after the depression of the key.
The tone waveform in the sustain is subsequently read out and output from the second memory W Mg 2 through the adder SM 8,, by the signal which is indicative of the read-out termination of the first waveform memory WM 8,1 and lastly at the occurrence of the key release, the reading-out of the second memory WM 82 is stopped at the next occurrence of the final address and the complete waveform in the decay is read out from the third waveform memory WM 83 and is output through the adder SM 81) thereby completing the formation of the entire tone signal.
In the embodiments described above the touch response of the keying operation is not taken into consideration, and a musical tone which varies according to the strength of the key depression etc cannot be produced Figure 9 shows a modified embodiment which takes this point into account.
Adaptation of this modification to the attack waveform which forms a part of each of the foregoing embodiments enables variations in the musical tone in conformity with the key operation such as the speed of key depression or the pressure associated with the key depression The operation and the construction of this modification shown in Figure 9 will now be described in greater detail.
The key depression pulse KD is generated by manipulating a key switch KSW’ By the pulse KD, a flip-flop F Ft,,, is set to provide a Q output Upon the provision of the Q output, clock pulses qc of a fixed period are supplied to an addresser circuit AD 39, through an AND circuit AND,,,, These features are similar to those in relation to the addressing of the first waveform memorv in each of the previously described embodiments.
The pressure applied of the key switch KSW’ is sensed by a SENSOR SE and converted into an electric signal The peak value of the key pressure is held by a memory circuit HL, whereupon the memorized value is converted into a digital value by an A-D converter ADC The converted digital value is a read-out signal for a decoder DE Depending upon the value.
the decorder DE generates an enablesianal EN which instructs one of memories WM, W Mo N to be read out The memory which is selected and supplied with the «enable» signal EN from the decoder DE stores a complete waveform in the attack, in conformity with the particular key touch.
Such a selected complete waveform is read out by the addresser circuit AD 9,).
The sensor SE may consist of an electrically conductive material whose resistance value varies with the pressure of key depression and may be combined with the key.
In accordance with any one of the above described embodiments, at least one of the memories is arranged to store the complete waveform of at least part of a musical tone as described above, whereby an electronic musical instrument can easily simulate various natural sounds and generate various artificial sounds as musical sounds.

Claims (1)

WHAT WE CLAIM IS:-
1 An electrical musical instrument including keyboard means for producing key depression and release signals in response to’ the operation of each key in the keyboard: a waveform memory storing sample values of a waveform at respective addresses of the memory: and an addresser connected to said waveform memory and to said keyboard means for addressing the waveform memory in response to the key depression signal, thereby to produce a tone signal: said waveform memory storing a multiplicity of cycles of vibration with an amplitude defining at least an attack portion of a tone to constitute a tone waveform having at least an attack envelope.
2 An electrical musical instrument according to claim 1 wherein said waveform memory stores a waveform from its attack portion to its decay portion.
3 An electrical musical instrument according to claim 2 further including a second memory storing a decay envelope, a second addresser connected to the keyboard means, and a multiplier connected to the waveform memory and to the second memory, said second addresser addressing the second memory in response to the key release signal thereby to produce a decay envelope signal, said multiplier multiplying said tone signal and said decay envelope signal.
4 An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1 which further includes:
a second memory storing sample value of a waveform defining at least one tone duration; a second addressor connected to said second memory and to the first addresser for repetitively addressing the second memory immediately the first addresser finishes addressing the waveform memory, thus producing a tone signal of a constant amplitude:
a third memory storing a decay envelope; a third addresser connected to said third memory and to said first addresser for 1 572 525 addressing the third memory immediately, the first addresser finishes addressing the waveform memory, thus producing a decay envelope signal; a multiplier connected to said second memory and to said third memory for multiplying said tone signal and said decay envelope signal:
and an adder connected to said waveform memory and to said multiplier for adding the outputs from the waveform memory and the outputs from the multiplier.
An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, which further includes; a second memory storing sample values of a waveform defining at least one tone duration a second addresser connected to said second memory and to the first addresser for repetitively addressing the second memory immediately the first addresser finishes addressing the waveform memory, thus producing a tone signal of a constant amplitude:
a third memory storing a decay envelope:
a third addresser connected to said third memory and to said keyboard means for addressing the third memory in response to said key release signal thus producing a decay envelope signal:
a multiplier connected to said second memory and to said third memory for multiplying said tone signal and said decay envelope signal: and an adder connected to said waveform memory and to said multiplier for adding the outputs from the waveform memory and the outputs from the multiplier.
6 An electronic musical instrument according to claim 4 or claim 5, further including means for controlling said third addresser circuit by a signal from a damper switch in said electronic musical instrument.
7 An electronic musical instrument according to claim 4 or claim 5 further including means for controlling said third addresser circuit by a clock signal.
8 An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1 which further includes:
a second memory storing sample values of a waveform defining at least one tone duration.
a second addresser connected to said second memory and to the first addresser and the keyboard means for repetitively addressing the second memory immediately the first addresser finishes addressing the waveform memory and until it receives said key release signal thus producing a tone signal of a constant amplitude:
a third memory storing sample values of a waveform constituting many cycles of vibration with an amplitude defining a decay portion of a tone having a decay envelope:
a third addresser connected to said third memory and to said keyboard means for addressing the third memory in response to said key release signal; and an adder connected to said waveform memory and to said second and third memories for adding the outputs from said three memories.
9 An electronic musical instrument according to any one of claims 4, 5, or 8 further including means for sensing the key touch and selecting one of said waveform memory devices according to a predetermined relation with respect to the key touch, thereby producing musical sounds which vary in response to the key touch.
An electronic musical instrument constructed and arranged to operate substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 3 or Figure 6, or Figure 7, or Figure 8, or Figure 9 of the accompanying drawings.
MEWBURN ELLIS & CO, Chartered Patent Agents, 70-72 Chancery Lane, London, W C 2.
Agents for the Applicants.
Printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, by Croydon Printing Company Limited, Croydon, Surrey, 1980.
Published by The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC 2 A l AY, from which copies may be obtained.

GB14427/77A
1976-04-06
1977-04-05
Electronic musical instruments

Expired

GB1572525A
(en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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Priority Date
Filing Date
Title

JP3846676A

JPS52121313A
(en)

1976-04-06
1976-04-06
Electronic musical instrument

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true

GB1572525A
(en)

1980-07-30

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Title
Priority Date
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GB14427/77A
Expired

GB1572525A
(en)

1976-04-06
1977-04-05
Electronic musical instruments

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(4)

US4383462A
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JP
(1)

JPS52121313A
(en)

DE
(1)

DE2715510B2
(en)

GB
(1)

GB1572525A
(en)

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1979

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US
US06/064,917
patent/US4383462A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1983

1983-06-24
US
US06/507,948
patent/US4974485A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1985

1985-10-02
US
US06/783,092
patent/US4763553A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1988

1988-04-26
US
US07/186,462
patent/US4967635A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title

GB2136228A
(en)

1983-02-21
1984-09-12
Casio Computer Co Ltd
Waveform data generating system

US4612839A
(en)

1983-02-21
1986-09-23
Casio Computer Co., Ltd.
Waveform data generating system

Also Published As

Publication number
Publication date

US4383462A
(en)

1983-05-17

US4763553A
(en)

1988-08-16

DE2715510A1
(en)

1977-10-13

JPS52121313A
(en)

1977-10-12

US4974485A
(en)

1990-12-04

JPS6211358B2
(en)

1987-03-12

DE2715510B2
(en)

1980-05-22

US4967635A
(en)

1990-11-06

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