GB1572579A - Creación de Inventos y Patentes con Inteligencia Artificial

GB1572579A – Circuit for preventing over-discharge of a battery
– Google Patents

GB1572579A – Circuit for preventing over-discharge of a battery
– Google Patents
Circuit for preventing over-discharge of a battery

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Publication number
GB1572579A

GB1572579A
GB53309/77A
GB5330977A
GB1572579A
GB 1572579 A
GB1572579 A
GB 1572579A
GB 53309/77 A
GB53309/77 A
GB 53309/77A
GB 5330977 A
GB5330977 A
GB 5330977A
GB 1572579 A
GB1572579 A
GB 1572579A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
battery
reference voltage
signal
discharge
voltage
Prior art date
1976-12-28
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Expired

Application number
GB53309/77A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

General Electric Co

Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1976-12-28
Filing date
1977-12-21
Publication date
1980-07-30

1977-12-21
Application filed by General Electric Co
filed
Critical
General Electric Co

1980-07-30
Publication of GB1572579A
publication
Critical
patent/GB1572579A/en

Status
Expired
legal-status
Critical
Current

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Classifications

H—ELECTRICITY

H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER

H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS

H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions

H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators

G—PHYSICS

G01—MEASURING; TESTING

G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES

G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof

G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values

G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application

G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies

G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries

G—PHYSICS

G01—MEASURING; TESTING

G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES

G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere

G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]

G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator

G01R31/379—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator for lead-acid batteries

G—PHYSICS

G01—MEASURING; TESTING

G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES

G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]

G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC

G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements

Description

PATENT SPECIFICATION
( 11) 1 572 579 r I( 21) Application No 53309/77 ( 22) Filed 21 December 1977 ( 31) Convention Application No ( 32) Filed 28 Dec 1976 in 755103 r ( 33) United States of America (US) ( 44) Complete Specification published 30 July 1980 ( 51) INT CL 3 H 02 J 7/00 ( 52) Index at acceptance H 2 H BD ( 54) A CIRCUIT FOR PREVENTING OVER-DISCHARGE OF A BATTERY ( 71) We, GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, a corporation organised and existing under the laws of the State of New York, United States of America, of 1 River Road, Schenectady 12305, State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a circuit for preventing over-discharge of a rechargeable battery.
In an uninterruptible power system (UPS) which includes an inverter, a rechargeable storage battery electrically coupled thereto and a rectifier coupled between an AC source and the inverter, the power from the AC source is rectified by the rectifier and supplied to the inverter The inverter converts the rectified power to a dependable AC source for supplying a critical bus At the same time, the rectified AC power is used to recharge or maintain a constant charge on the battery In the event that the AC source fails, it would be necessary for the storage battery to provide the back-up power which would be converted to AC for maintaining the AC power supplied to the critical bus Typically, when lead acid storage batteries are fully charged, they float at, for example, approximately 2 2 volts per cell Generally, the UPS is required to supply power from its battery for approximately fifteen minutes, and it has been known that the battery cannot be allowed to discharge below a critical end voltage without the possibility of irreversible sulfation beginning to occur Once the battery discharges beyond the critical voltage, deterioration of the useful life of the battery begins, and if the battery is not recharged within a reasonably short time, it may not be able to be recharged again to its original capacity In order to protect these batteries, battery manufacturers have provided users with a single value for the final end voltage per cell below which a battery should not be allowed to continue to be discharged An example of this was shown in the graph in Figure 2 of 50 U.S Patent 3,118,137, which shows the end battery voltage to be a constant value regardless of changes or variations in load current Inasmuch as the battery in UPS systems is an important and expensive com 55 ponent of the UPS system, it has been the desire of UPS manufacturers to ensure that the battery and the UPS would be shut down once the battery discharged to the designated critical value 60 Applicants have discovered that if a lead acid storage battery were being discharged at less than rated load, and if this battery were allowed to continue to discharge to a voltage somewhat above a value that had been 65 specified by battery manufacturers as the safe final end voltage per cell of the battery, then, in fact, irreversible sulfation could begin to occur and deterioration of the useful life and capacity of the battery would unexpectedly 70 result It was Applicants’ further discovery that this final end voltage to which a battery could safely discharge is not a constant in lead acid, and, in particular, in lead-calcium storage batteries, but, in fact, changes 75 inversely with changes in the rate of discharge of current or power from the battery.
Both of these discoveries were unexpected, and run contrary to the teaching of the prior art, and, in particular, to that of the 80 above-referred to patent and to U S Patents Nos 3,895,284, 3,886,442 and 3,778,702.
More specifically, the prior art as represented by the above patents generally teaches that, as the battery discharge current decreases, the 85 capacity of the battery increases, thereby leading one to believe that the battery can effectively deliver power for longer periods of time, with no apparent recognition of the fact that the safe critical final end voltage 90 W) P-( 1 572 579 per cell of the battery actually increases as the discharge current of the battery decreases.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a circuit for preventing overdischarge of a rechargeable lead acid storage battery by recognizing that the safe final end voltage, beyond which battery performance deteriorates, is not a constant value, but unexpectedly increases when the load on the battery decreases.
The present invention provides a circuit arrangement for substantially preventing overdischarge of a rechargeable storage battery which comprises a circuit for providing a signal indicative of imminent overdischarge of the battery comprising a direct current sensor for sensing the rate of discharge of the battery; means responsive to said direct current sensor for generating a reference voltage which varies inversely with the sensed rate of discharge of said battery; said reference voltage generating means comprising an analog inverting amplifier having an input terminal electrically coupled to said direct current sensor, and first and second resistors each having one end electrically connected together to form an output of said reference voltage generating means, the other end of said first resistor being electrically connected to an output terminal of said analog inverting amplifier, and the other end of said second resistor being electrically connected to a fixed reference voltage source; means for producing a signal when the generated reference voltage is at least equal to the actual voltage of said battery, said signal being indicative of imminent overdischarge of said battery; and means responsive to said signal to disconnect said battery from a load.
Figure 1 is a block diagram of the circuit in accordance with the invention; Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between a variable safe final discharge voltage trip point and the % of battery discharge current; and Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of the variable reference voltage generator shown in Figure 1.
Referring to Figures 1-3, the invention will now be described As shown in Figure 1, the circuit for preventing the over-discharge of a rechargeable battery 10 includes means for disconnecting the battery from an inverter or load 12 comprising a sensing coil 14 and a normally closed contact 16, a detector 18 which serves as a means for sensing the rate of discharge of the battery, a variable reference voltage generator 20, and a comparator 22.
Battery 10 is understood to be a rechargeable lead acid storage battery, which, in a preferred embodiment, is a lead-calcium storage battery However, other lead acid storage batteries, such as lead antimony storage batteries, are also included within the scope of this invention While the storage battery can be comprised of a plurality of cells, for the purposes of explaining this invention, we will refer to the voltage of the battery on a per cell basis For example, when the battery is fully charged, it would be assumed that the floating voltage per cell is 2 2 volts, and at zero or minimum discharge current or power, 70 the safe final voltage trip point, below which the battery should not continue to be discharged, on a per cell basis is approximately 1.85 volts (VR min) while at a discharge rate of 100 % load current the minimum safe final 75 voltage trip point is approximately 1 55 volts per cell (VR max) For the purpose of this invention, we will assume that the negative terminal of the battery shown in Figure 1 is at circuit ground Furthermore, referring to 80 Figure 2, it will be assumed that the safe final voltage trip point will vary linearly between 1.85 volts (VR min) and 155 volts (VR ax), although there are circumstances when the variation may not be linear 85 The disconnect means, which is comprised of coil 14 and normally closed contact 16, can be provided by a relay or a circuit breaker, or even an electronic solid state relay or other equivalent means Normally closed contact 16, 90 in this instance, is interposed between the positive terminal of battery 10 and input terminal of detector 18 It should be understood that detector 18 can be any suitable current or power sensor which provides an 95 indication of DC discharge current or power that is being supplied from the battery to the inverter or load By way of example, detector 18 can be a standard DC shunt or current transformer which is placed in series with the battery 100 and the inverter or load, and which provides a sensed output signal that is coupled to an input terminal of variable reference voltage generator This input signal to variable reference voltage generator 20 is proportional to either 105 the current or power sensed by detector 18.
Variable reference voltage generator 20 is thus responsive to the sensed discharge rate of battery 10, and generates from its output a safe final discharge voltage (VR) which varies 110 inversely with the sensed rate of discharge of the battery as shown in Figure 2 The output from the variable reference voltage generator thus provides a variable reference voltage which is applied to one input terminal of 115 comparator 22 The other input terminal to the comparator is electrically coupled to the positive terminal of battery 10 to provide an indication of the actual voltage of the battery.
Comparator 22, which can be any standard 120 comparator circuit, compares the actual voltage of the battery with the generated variable safe final discharge voltage (VR), and produces an output triggering signal whenever the generated voltage (VR) is equal to or greater 125 than, i e at least equal to, the actual voltage of the battery The output of the comparator is electrically connected to one end of sensing coil 14, while the other end of sensing coil 14 can be connected to circuit ground, whereby 130 3 1572579 3 when the triggering signal is applied to sensing coil 14, its associated normally closed contact 16 opens so as to disconnect battery 10 from the load or inverter When load 12 is an inverter in a UPS system, the inverter can be any standard inverter circuit of the type described in U.S Patent Reissue 26,342 assigned to General Electric Company or any other suitable inverter.
While the output of load 12 is shown connected to circuit ground, in the event that the load is an inverter, then the output of the inverter will be applied to a critical bus Furthermore, the UPS system will also include a rectifier (not shown) which is connected between the inverter and an AC power source.
Referring to Figure 3, variable reference voltage generator 20 will be described in more detail Included within the variable reference voltage generator is an analog inverting amplifier 24, first and second resistors 26 and 28 and a fixed reference voltage source VF.
The sensed signal from detector 18 is applied directly to the input of analog inverting amplifier 24, which serves to change the polarity and adjust the magnitude of the signal applied thereto One end of resistor 26 and one end of resistor 28 are connected together to form an output terminal which is electrically coupled to the input of comparator 22 as shown in Figure 1, while the other end of resistor 26 is electrically connected to the output terminal of analog inverting amplifier 24, and the other end of resistor 28 is electrically connected to the fixed reference voltage source (Vp) By way of example, in this instance, the ratio of resistor 26 to resistor 28 can be fixed at 10:1 The output signal from the variable reference voltage generator which is applied to comparator 22 is governed + O by the following equation:
VR=VF(R R 2) + Va(R+R) wherein VR is the generated variable reference voltage produced by variable reference voltage generator 20; VF is the internal fixed reference voltage; R, is resistor 26, and R 2 is resistor 28; and Va is the output voltage of inverting amplifier 24.
Assuming now at minimum load, the discharge current from battery 10 and the output voltage Va from amplifier 24 are zero, and the variable reference voltage is to be VR min (safe final discharge voltage trip point at minimum load) Under these circumstances, VR min will be 1 850 volts per cell, and the fixed reference voltage VF can be calculated as VF = 1 85 ( 10) or 2 035 volts At 100 % discharge current from battery 10, when VR max equals 1 55 volts per cell while VF still equals 2 035 volts, then the output voltage Va of amplifier 24 is calculated to be Va = ( 1 55 2 035) 11 or -5 335 volts In view of these calculations, the characteristics of analog inverting amplifier 24 can be adjusted so that its output voltage will vary from zero to -5 335 volts as the battery discharge current varies from zero to 100 % of full load From the above example, it can be 70 seen how the parameters of variable reference voltage generator 20 can be established to provide the desired range for the variable safe final discharge voltage (VR).
In operation, when the battery is required 75 to supply current to the inverter or load, current will flow from the battery through normally closed contact 16 and detector 18 to the load Detector 18 will sense the magnitude of DC discharge current flowing 80 to the load, and will produce a signal at the input of analog inverting amplifier 24 The polarity of this signal will be reversed, and an appropriate voltage magnitude will appear at the output of the analog inverting amplifier in 85accordance with the parameters selected for the circuit so as to generate the proper variable safe final discharge voltage signal at the output of variable reference voltage generator 20 This signal will be applied to the 90 input of comparator 22 As soon as the actual voltage of the battery becomes equal to or falls below the variable safe final discharge voltage, a triggering signal will be generated at the output of comparator 22 This triggering 95 signal will cause sufficient current to flow through sensing coil 14, and normally closed contact 16 will open, thereby causing battery to be isolated from its load This circuit thus prevents the unwanted overdischarge of 100 a rechargeable lead acid storage battery in such a manner as to allow the battery to be used as close to its capacity limits as possible, while preventing its use at a time when such use could result in its long term deterioration 105 or possible destruction.
With regard to the embodiment described above, it should be understood that the basic concept for carrying out the invention broadly relates to the generation of a safe final dis 110 charge voltage which varies inversely with the sensed rate of discharge from the battery, wherein a disconnect or triggering signal is generated when the actual battery voltage becomes equal to or falls below the generated 115 safe final discharge voltage From the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 3, an output voltage from the variable reference voltage generator, which is supplied to comparator 22, is the safe final discharge voltage of the battery 120 for a sensed rate of discharge While Figures 1 and 3 have provided on example of a circuit or means for providing the function just described, it should be clearly understood that other circuit variations which provide 125 the same or equivalent function are also intended to be within the scope of this invention.
More specifically, an example of a clearly alternative and equivalent design would be 130 1 572 579 1 572579 provided, if, in Figure 3, the output from analog inverted amplifier 24 would be connected directly to comparator 22 and VF were eliminated Under these circumstances, the output voltage from this amplifier would vary between 1 85 volts to 1 55 volts as the battery load would vary between zero and 100 %.
In another embodiment, the fixed reference voltage VF could be combined with the actual battery voltage to provide one input to the comparator, while the other input to the comparator would be provided by the output from analog inverting amplifier 24 Under these circumstances, the safe final discharge voltage would still follow the curve shown in Figure 2, and the output voltage of amplifier 24 would have to be adjusted in order for thaf relationship to be maintained.
Similarly, in another possible embodiment of the invention, the actual battery voltage could be applied to resistor 28 shown in Figure 3 in place of the fixed reference voltage (VF), while the fixed reference voltage (VF) could be applied directly to that terminal of the comparator where the actual battery voltage was previously applied Under these circumstances, a means for generating the safe final discharge voltage for the battery would be provided by analog amplifier 24, resistors 26, 28 and the fixed reference voltage VF which is now applied to the comparator, whereby when the actual battery voltage (VB) would be applied to resistor 28, the output of comparator 22 would generate a triggering signal for disconnecting the battery from the load as soon as the actual battery voltage became equal to or less than generated safe final discharge voltage for the battery at a given rate of discharge Under these circumstances, it should be further understood that analog amplifier 24 would be a non-inverting analog amplifier, and in the previously described equation for VR, the actual battery voltage VB would be substituted for VF Then VF, which now would be applied directly to the input of comparator 22, would be set equal to VR and calculated at zero load by assuming that the output from the non-inverting amplifier is zero and VB from the battery is 1 85 volts.
The output voltage Va for the non-inverting amplifier could then be calculated at full load conditions, as previously described from the equation for VR, by assuming that VB is 1 55 volts and VR is still equal to the just calculated value for VF It should be further understood that the basic operation of the above described circuit variations is virtually the same in its broadest sense as that of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 3.

Claims (6)

WHAT WE CLAIM IS:-

1 A circuit arrangement for substantially preventing overdischarge of a rechargeable storage battery which comprises a circuit for providing a signal indicative of imminent overdischarge of the battery comprising a direct current sensor for sensing the rate of discharge of the battery; means responsive to said direct current sensor for generating a reference voltage which varies inversely with the sensed rate of discharge of said battery; said reference voltage generating means comprising an analog inverting amplifier having an input terminal electrically coupled to said direct current sensor, and first and second resistors each having one end electrically connected together to form an output of said reference voltage generating means, the other end of said first resistor being electrically connected to an output terminal of said analog inverting amplifier, and the other end of said second resistor being electrically connected to a fixed reference voltage source; means for producing a signal when the generated reference voltage is at least equal to the actual voltage of said battery, said signal being indicative of imminent overdischarge of said battery; and means responsive to said signal to disconnect said battery from a load.

2 A circuit arrangement according to Claim 1 wherein said disconnect means comprises a sensing coil electrically coupled to said signal producing means, and a normally closed contact electrically connected in series with said battery, whereby when the signal is received by said sensing coil, said normally closed contact opens, thereby disconnecting said battery from a load.

3 A circuit or a circuit arrangement as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 in combination with a rechargeable battery, scid battery being a lead acid storage battery, a lead calcium storage battery, or a lead antimony storage battery.

4 An uninterruptible power system including an inverter, a rechargeable lead acid storage battery electrically coupled thereto, and a circuit arrangement as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 for substantially preventing overdischarge of said battery.

A circuit arrangement as claimed in Claim 1 and substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.

6 An uninterruptible power system as claimed in Claim 4 and substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
MICHAEL BURNSIDE & PARTNERS Chartered Patent Agents, 2 Serjeants’ Inn, Fleet Street, LONDON, EC 4 Y 1 HL.
Agents for the Applicants Printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office by MULTIPLEX techniques ltd, St Mary Cray, Kent 1980 Published at the Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London WC 2 l AY, from which copies may be obtained.

GB53309/77A
1976-12-28
1977-12-21
Circuit for preventing over-discharge of a battery

Expired

GB1572579A
(en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title

US05/755,103

US4086525A
(en)

1976-12-28
1976-12-28
Circuit for preventing overdischarge of a battery

Publications (1)

Publication Number
Publication Date

GB1572579A
true

GB1572579A
(en)

1980-07-30

Family
ID=25037742
Family Applications (1)

Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date

GB53309/77A
Expired

GB1572579A
(en)

1976-12-28
1977-12-21
Circuit for preventing over-discharge of a battery

Country Status (4)

Country
Link

US
(1)

US4086525A
(en)

JP
(1)

JPS5383034A
(en)

CH
(1)

CH626196A5
(en)

GB
(1)

GB1572579A
(en)

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1979-06-12
1981-08-11
The Gillette Company
Battery operated portable hydromassage appliance

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1980-01-25
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Pittway Corporation
Circuit for eliminating low battery voltage alarm signal at night

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1980-05-02
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Battery protection circuit

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1983-11-10
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General Motors Corporation
Motor vehicle battery rundown protection system

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1989-04-04
1990-10-11
Elektron Bremen

METHOD FOR MONITORING THE CHARGE STATE OF A RECHARGEABLE, LOCKED BATTERY

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1989-09-29
2001-11-20
Etymotic Research, Inc.
Hearing aid with audible alarm

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Overcharge and overdischarge prevention circuit for secondary battery

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Sony Corporation
Circuit for preventing overcharge and overdischarge of secondary batteries

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Overcharge preventing device and overdischarge preventing device

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Over discharge prevention device for battery

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Battery protection circuit

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Sony Corporation
Battery protection circuit

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Compaq Computer Corporation
AC adapter including differential comparator for tracking battery voltage during trickle charge

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Battery, particularly lead accumulators, has battery cells connection element and connector with side surface for connecting with plate to lower side of connector and boundary has progression in section adjacent to side surface of connector

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2010-09-29
2014-11-11
Qualcomm Incorporated
Emergency override of battery discharge protection

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2011-02-21
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로베르트 보쉬 게엠베하
A battery management system

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2012-12-12
2014-06-13
Oreal

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT COMPRISING A CUTTING COMPONENT OF THE CIRCUIT, AND DEVICE COMPRISING SUCH AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

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Ge Energy Power Conversion Technology Limited

Battery storage system with arc fault protection, energy conversion system and protection method

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DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE DISCHARGE STATE OF A BATTERY, ITS APPLICATION AND MEASURING METHOD

1976

1976-12-28
US
US05/755,103
patent/US4086525A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1977

1977-12-21
GB
GB53309/77A
patent/GB1572579A/en
not_active
Expired

1977-12-22
JP
JP79778A
patent/JPS5383034A/en
active
Pending

1977-12-23
CH
CH1598677A
patent/CH626196A5/de
not_active
IP Right Cessation

Also Published As

Publication number
Publication date

US4086525A
(en)

1978-04-25

JPS5383034A
(en)

1978-07-22

CH626196A5
(en)

1981-10-30

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