GB1586438A - Creación de Inventos y Patentes con Inteligencia Artificial

GB1586438A – Method of shaping a lenght of extruded synthetic resin
– Google Patents

GB1586438A – Method of shaping a lenght of extruded synthetic resin
– Google Patents
Method of shaping a lenght of extruded synthetic resin

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Publication number
GB1586438A

GB1586438A
GB10974/78A
GB1097478A
GB1586438A
GB 1586438 A
GB1586438 A
GB 1586438A
GB 10974/78 A
GB10974/78 A
GB 10974/78A
GB 1097478 A
GB1097478 A
GB 1097478A
GB 1586438 A
GB1586438 A
GB 1586438A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
lubricant
synthetic resin
radiation
shaping
effect
Prior art date
1977-03-24
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Expired

Application number
GB10974/78A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Roehm GmbH Darmstadt

Original Assignee
Roehm GmbH Darmstadt
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1977-03-24
Filing date
1978-03-20
Publication date
1981-03-18

1978-03-20
Application filed by Roehm GmbH Darmstadt
filed
Critical
Roehm GmbH Darmstadt

1981-03-18
Publication of GB1586438A
publication
Critical
patent/GB1586438A/en

Status
Expired
legal-status
Critical
Current

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Classifications

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL

B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL

B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2207/28—Esters

C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2207/28—Esters

C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2207/28—Esters

C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2207/28—Esters

C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2207/28—Esters

C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

C10M2209/062—Vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type

C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

C10M2209/102—Polyesters

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2211/08—Halogenated waxes

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION

C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group

C10M2217/023—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group the amino group containing an ester bond

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS

C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended

C10N2040/20—Metal working

C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS

C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended

C10N2040/20—Metal working

C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS

C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended

C10N2040/20—Metal working

C10N2040/242—Hot working

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS

C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended

C10N2040/20—Metal working

C10N2040/243—Cold working

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS

C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended

C10N2040/20—Metal working

C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS

C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended

C10N2040/20—Metal working

C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals

C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS

C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended

C10N2040/20—Metal working

C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals

C10N2040/246—Iron or steel

C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT

C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS

C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended

C10N2040/20—Metal working

C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals

C10N2040/247—Stainless steel

Description

PATENT SPECIFICATION
( 11) 1 586 438 ( 21) ( 31) Application No 10 J 74/78 ( 22) Filed 20 Mar 1978 Convention Application No 2712874 ( 32) Filed 24 Mar 1977 ( 33) Fed Rep of Germany (DE) ( 44) Complete Specification Published 18 Mar 1981 ( 51) INT CL 3 B 29 D 23/04 C 1 OM 3/12 ( 52) Index at Acceptance BSA 1 R 314 C 1 F 20 T 17 D 22 ( 54) METHOD OF SHAPING A LENGTH OF EXTRUDED SYNTHETIC RESIN ( 71) We, ROHM G m b H, a German Body Corporate, of Darmstadt, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in
and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to a method of shaping a length of extruded synthetic resin in which friction between the synthetic resin and the shaping means is reduced by the use of a lubricant which can be subsequently hardened.
In such shaping methods, friction arises between large surface area faces at low shearing speeds and high pressures, furthermore the lubricant is only in use for a short time, since at the end of the shaping process the faces coated with the lubricant are separated from one another.
High-viscosity oils and greases have hitherto been used as lubricants in the shaping of metal sheets or thermoplastic materials After use, such lubricants generally have to be washed off the surface of the shaped parts, e g by means of organic solvents The use of organic solvents may present problems since they are expensive, often combustible or injurious to health and may require purification by distillation or by burning after use.
Water-soluble lubricants such as for example lubricating soaps or the high-viscosity aqueous polymer solutions described in German Offenlegungsschrift 24 59 306 have the advantage over oils and greases that they can be washed off with water.
Although the problems associated with the use of organic solvents no longer arise, the washing process and subsequent drying still involve considerable work and present problems of disposing of the waste water.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of shaping a length of extruded synthetic resin wherein a lubricant which is employed to reduce frictional resistance between the synthetic resin and the shaping means can be subsequently dried thereby avoiding the need for an expensive washing process.
According to the present invention we provide a method of shaping a length of extruded synthetic resin which comprises applying to the said length of synthetic resin a liquid lubricant which is capable of being hardened by the effect of heat, radiation or catalyst, bringing the said length of synthetic resin while in the thermoplastic of thermoelastic state into contact with the stationary shaping surface of shaping means and subsequently hardening the said lubricant by the effect of heat, radiation or a catalyst after shaping of the said length of synthetic resin.
The period during which the lubricant is employed in a liquid state may vary for example from a few seconds to a few minutes, or exceptionally may extend to an hour or more when its lubricating effect is no longer required and the faces to be lubricated are separated from one another, the lubricant is not removed, as hitherto, in the liquid state, but is converted into a solid covering which is either left as it is on the surface of the resin or removed by simple mechanical means Washing and drying processes can thus be obviated and the difficulties involved in removing the washing liquids no longer arise.
There are a large number of liquids which may be converted into the solid state by the effect of heat, catalysts or suitable radiation.
Examples of liquids which are hardenable by a thermal effect include liquid epoxy resins, alkyd resins or aminoplast resins (provided that they contain little or no non-hardenable solvents) as well as gelling plastisols comprising a liquid softener and polymer particles, especially PVC, dispersed therein Liquid resins containing radically polymerisable groups can be har1 586 438 dened by means of energy-rich radiation, examples of such resins including methacrylate syrups or unsaturated polyester resins in combination with styrene, unsaturated oil alkyds and acrylic or methacrylic acid esters of polyols Together with thermal free radical-forming agents, these liquid resins can also be hardened solely by thermal action The above-mentioned liquids have hitherto been used exclusively as casting resins, coating agents and impregnating agents.
The desired lubricating effect in the method according to the invention can be produced with virtually any hardenable substance which is liquid at the temperature at which it is employed In order to ensure that the lubricant film provides a sufficiently low frictional resistance, it is essential to ensure that a minimum film thickness is maintained during use This is particularly important when the film of lubricant has to withstand high loads or is subjected to high pressures whereby the lubricating agent can be lost by leakage In such cases the stability of the lubricating film is assisted by a high viscosity for the lubricant, the viscosity of the lubricant preferably lying in the range from 1 to 500 Pa s under the conditions of use.
Conversion of the liquid lubricant into the solid form may be effected by heating to a temperature above the temperature of application or by the effect of suitable radiation If the conversion is effected by heat alone, the conversion temperature is preferably at least 20 ‘C, advantageously at least 500 C or more, above the maximum temperature of application Thermal conversion can be effected in any convenient manner, for example by hot air or more preferably by heat radiation If high temperatures are encountered during use of the lubricant in the liquid state, it is preferred to effect hardening by suitable radiation, for example visible and ultra-violet light, electron-beam radiation, X-ray radiation or nuclear radiation Because of the low industrial cost and the slight risks involved, ultra-violet light or visible light are especially preferred.
Hardening of the lubricant is primarily intended to make the resin surface coated with the lubricant filn dry and clean for handling and to prevent the liquid lubricant from being transferred to other objects To achieve this aim, it is sufficient to convert the lubricant into the gelled state In general, however, a more advanced hardening is preferred up to the rubbery ductile or even brittle state A rubbery to ductile state is of advantage when the hardened film of lubricant does not adhere firmly to the resin surface and may be removed as a film leaving the original surfacc(s) in a clean and dry state It may however, be desirable to leave the hardened film of lubricant as it is on the surface as a protective covering or as a substrate for a further coat In these cases, hardening to the ductile or brittle state is preferred.
The large number of known hardenable liquids enables lubricants for use in the method according to the invention to be selected with any desired viscosity and any degree of hardenability Selection is, however, restricted in many cases by factors not directly connected with the lubricating effect or hardenability Thus, the lubricant should not have a corrosive effect on the materials with which it comes in contact.
Furthermore, in many cases it is necessary or desirable that the lubricant should not be volatile, combustible or toxic or should not have an unpleasant odour Finally, importance is attached to a low price for the agent.
It is, of course, not always possible to meet all these requirements simultaneously.
In all cases the lubricant contains a hardenable constituent and a liquid constituent These constituents can be identical.
Examples of substances hardenable by heat alone include bisepoxides and lower polyepoxy compounds as well as aminoplast-and phenoplast-precondensates As long as these substances are not themselves liquid at the temperature of application, they can be used in the form of solutions in organic solvents or softeners The proportion of these non-hardenable additives should be maintained at a level such that the lubricant can be hardened to at least a gel-like consistency which cannot separate into a liquid and a solid phase.
Particularly preferred hardenable constituents for use in the lubricant include monoor poly-ethylenically unsaturated compounds which are radically polymerisable into a solid body Radical formation for hardening purposes can be initiated in various ways, e g by the addition of polymerization initiators which are decomposed at a temperature above the temperature of application to form radicals, such as e g.
organic peroxides hydroperoxides or azo compounds Examples of radical forming agents and the temperatures at which they may be used can be found in the literature, for example, in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Vol 14/1, p 59, or in Brandrup-Immergut, Polymer Handbook ( 1966), p 11/1-65 When the lubricant is used at elevated temperatures, e g, 100 ‘C.
or more, no such radical formers are used, as a rule, but polymerisation may be initiated by one of the above-mentioned types of radiation To facilitate polymerisation by visible or ultra-violet light, the agents can contain suitable photosensitisers, such as e.g benzoin or azo compounds The quantity of radical formers or sensitisers employed is generally sufficiently great to effect har1 586 438 dening within a few minutes or seconds.
Examples of unsaturated, radically polymerisable compounds suitable for use as lubricants in the method according to the S invention include those vinyl and vinylidene monomers which are conventionally employed in the preparation of solid polymers but which are not gaseous at room temperature Such monomers include methacrylic acid esters with 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, styrene, vinyl esters of lower carboxylic acids (with 2 to 6 carbon atoms) or vinylidene chloride Acrylic acid esters or other monomers which form soft homopolymers can be used optionally in admixture with the above-mentioned monomers, provided that the resulting polymer forms a solid, non-sticky covering.
Hardening may be accelerated if at least a part of the radically hardenable compounds contains two or more polymerisable double bonds Examples of such compounds include glycol diacrylate or dimethacrylate or the diacrylates or dimethacrylates of higher glycols or condensation products with several hydroxyl groups, for example, the reaction product of bisphenol A with epichlorohydrin These diesters are especially suitable for photopolymerisation with visible or ultra-violet light in the presence of suitable photosensitisers As they are relatively expensive, however, the above-mentioned mono-unsaturated monomers are preferred.
The radically polymerisable monomers can be used, if desired, in conjunction with limited quantities of solvents or softeners.
These solvents or softeners must be selected so that they are compatible and form a homogeneous phase with both the monomers or monomer mixture used and the polymer obtained therefrom Examples of such additives are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, oils, chlorohydrocarbons (for example chloroparaffins), ketones, esters (for example dioctyl phthalate or dibutyl phthalate), alcohols or water The polymerisation products obtained from the mixtures of monomers with solvents or softeners are obtained as non-sticky, partly brittle solid materials, generally with polymer contents of 50 to 90 % by weight.
The above-mentioned hardenable compounds optionally in admixture with solvents or softeners are in many cases too thinly liquid for use as lubricants The viscosity of these compositions can however be increased to any value desired by the addition of dissolved macromolecular compounds Such macromolecular compounds are generally substances which result in a homogeneous mixture with the liquid and/or hardenable constituent.
If the lubricant is to be removed from the resin after hardening, those polymer additives which may be used with particular advantage are cheap, easily prepared polymers It is especially advantageous to use as lubricants so-called polymer syrups which can be obtained with any desired viscosity by partial polymerisation of a liquid monomer such as methyl methacrylate or styrene.
If the hardened lubricant is to be left on the resin surface as a permanent covering or adhesive substrate radiation-hardenable or thermally hardenable covering agents known per se and of suitable viscosity are advantageously used as the lubricant It may be desirable also to use adhesion-enhancing additives which may themselves be polymerisable, such as e g acrylic or methacrylic acid or dimethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate.
The lubricant employed in the method according to the present invention can be applied in a wide temperature range Depending on the composition selected, the lubricant may comprise a liquid having a suitable viscosity even at temperatures well below O C Since the film of lubricant is under high pressure in many applications, the boiling point(s) (at normal pressure) of the liquid constituent(s) of the lubricant does not generally limit the use of the lubricant in the method according to the invention For example, a 20 % by weight methyl methacrylate syrup can be used at temperatures of 160 WC or more, even though methyl methacrylate boils at 1000 C.
To prevent spontaneous evaporation of the volatile ‘fractions before hardening, it is preferred to cool the film down to below the boiling temperature of the mixture shortly before separating the contacting faces.
Depending on the requirements of each particular case, the lubricant is generally employed in a film thickness of from 0 01 to lmm The pressures applicable are not limited by the nature of the agent.
During the shaping of synthetic resins in the thermoplastic or thermoelastic state, e.g in the deep-drawing, stretching or moulding of resins in the thermoelastic state or in the extrusion of resins in the thermoplastic state the synthetic resin comes in to sliding contact with the fixed surfaces of the shaping tools Even at low pressure damage to the surface may occur At high pressures, for example, in the forming of hollow strands, such strong frictional forces can arise that the material moves jerkily or does not move at all in the absence of a lubricant.
In such cases the method according to the invention can be employed.
After separation of the contacting surfaces a thread, tape or fabric can if desired, be embedded in the still liquid film of lubricant to facilitate removal of the film after hardening For the same purpose a layer of paper or a foil can be laid on the 1 586 438 film, so that after the film has hardened a protective adhesive coat is present which is optionally left as it is on the surface until further processing.
The following Examples illustrate the present invention.
Examples 1-6
In the production of a biaxially stretched tube of polymethyl methacrylate an extruded hollow extrudate with a circular cross-section, 40 mm external diameter and 9 mm wall thickness, is gradually expanded to an external diameter of 70 mm in the thermoelastic state at 140 C and with an internal pressure of 3 bars, expansion being effected by passing the extrudate at a speed of 40 cm/min through a moulding channel having an internal diameter of 70 mm The moulding channel is heated to 140 C in the first portion through which the extrudate passes and to 50 to 70 C in the second portion In the region where the extrudate enters the forming channel, the wall of the channel is provided with an annular groove encompassing the extrudate Through this groove, a film, approximately 200 ltm thick, of the lubricants mentioned below is applied to the surface of the extrudate.
After a residence time of about 1 minute, the stretched extrudate, cooled to about C, emerges from the moulding channel at a speed of 50 cm/min At the end of the moulding channel, the bulk of the fluid lubricant film is spread into a film of about lpm thickness by means of an annular rubber rake This film is hardened in an ultra-violet irradiation zone, 40 cm in length, by means of 8 ultra-violet lamps (Ultra-Vitalux (Registered Trade Mark), Osram) Finally, the extrudate is passed between a pair of traction rollers which effect longitudinal stretching in the moulding channel.
The following lubricants were used (all parts being parts by weight):Example 1 parts of trimethylol-propane triacrylate 35 parts of a commercial unsaturated polyester resin 3 parts of a photoinitiator (benzoin ispropyl ether) Example 2 parts of a commercial unsaturated polyester resin (Ludopal (Registered Trade Mark) P 6 of BASF AG) 50 parts of a 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate parts of a photoinitiator (benzoin isopropyl ether) Example 3
80 parts of Bisphenol A diacrylate parts of trimethylol-propane triacrylate 4 parts of a photoinitiator (benzil dimethyl ketal) Example 4 parts of urethane acrylate parts of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate parts of a photoinitiator (trichloroacetophenone) Example 5 parts of Bisphenol A -epichlorohydrinepoxide resin (Epikote (Registered Trade Mark)) parts of dicyanodiamide.
Hardening of the above mixtures takes place at about 150 C so that in these cases a relatively low temperature is advantageous in the moulding channel.
Example 6 parts of PVC emulsion, K-value 70 parts of dioctyl phthalate The mixture hardens at 180 C to a tough elastic coating.

Claims (16)

WHAT WE CLAIM IS:-

1 A method of shaping a length of extruded synthetic resin which comprises applying to the said length of synthetic resin a liquid lubricant which is capable of being hardened by the effect of heat, radiation or a catalyst, bringing the said length of synthetic resin while in the thermoplastic or thermoelastic state into contact with the stationary shaping surface of shaping means and subsequently hardening the said lubricant by the effect of heat, radiation or a catalyst after shaping of the said length of synthetic resin.

2 A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said lubricant is capable of being hardened by the effect of heat, the minimum temperature at which the said lubricant may be thus hardened being at least 20 C about the maximum temperature at which it is employed to reduce frictional resistance between the said surfaces.

3 A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the said minimum temperature is at least 50 C above the maximum temperature at which the said lubricant is employed to reduce frictional resistance between the said surfaces.

4 A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said lubricant is capable of being hardened by the effect of radiation in the form of visible or ultra-violet light, electron-beam radiation, X-ray radiation or nuclear radiation.

A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said lubricant comprises at least one ethylenically unsaturated, radically polymerisable monomer.

6 A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the said lubricant contains a polym1 586 438 erisation initiator which is capable of forming free radicals under the effect of heat or radiation in the form of visible or ultraviolet light.

7 A method as claimed in claim 5 or claim 6 wherein the said ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprises a methacrylic acid ester with 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, styrene, a vinyl ester of a lower carboxylic acid containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or vinylidene chloride.

8 A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the said ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprises methyl methacrylate.

9 A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the said lubricant contains a macromolecular compound in solution therein.

A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the said macromolecular compound commprises polymethyl methacrylate.

11 A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the said lubricant contains a solvent or softener.

12 A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the said lubricant has a viscosity of 1 Pa Sec to 500 Pa sec.

13 A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the said shaping means comprise apparatus for the deepdrawing, stretching or moulding of synthetic resin articles in the thermoelastic state, the synthetic resin being in the thermoelastic state.

14 A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the said shaping means comprise apparatus for the extrusion of a synthetic resin in the thermoplastic state, the synthetic resin being in the thermoplastic state.

A method as claimed in claim 1 substantially as herein described.

16 A method as claimed in claim 1 substantially as herein described in any of the Examples.
For the Applicant, Chartered Patent Agents, Imperial House, 15-19 Kingsway, London, W C 2.
Printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, by Croydon Printing Company Limited Croydon, Surrey 1981.
Published by The Patent Office 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC 2 A l AY, from which copies may be obtained.

GB10974/78A
1977-03-24
1978-03-20
Method of shaping a lenght of extruded synthetic resin

Expired

GB1586438A
(en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title

DE19772712874

DE2712874A1
(en)

1977-03-24
1977-03-24

LUBRICANT OR SLIDING AGENT

Publications (1)

Publication Number
Publication Date

GB1586438A
true

GB1586438A
(en)

1981-03-18

Family
ID=6004488
Family Applications (1)

Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date

GB10974/78A
Expired

GB1586438A
(en)

1977-03-24
1978-03-20
Method of shaping a lenght of extruded synthetic resin

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US
(1)

US4179529A
(en)

JP
(1)

JPS53119976A
(en)

CA
(1)

CA1087529A
(en)

DE
(1)

DE2712874A1
(en)

FR
(1)

FR2384841A1
(en)

GB
(1)

GB1586438A
(en)

IT
(1)

IT7867677D0
(en)

NL
(1)

NL7802714A
(en)

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1978-01-13
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Sued West Chemie Gmbh

THU-PLASTIC RESIN LOADED CARRIER MATERIALS, A PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND THEIR USE

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Process for the production of molded articles made of polyolefins which are crosslinked by high-energy radiation

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Method of drawing a can from sheet

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Method and device for the continuous stretching of a plastic strip

1977

1977-03-24
DE
DE19772712874
patent/DE2712874A1/en
not_active
Withdrawn

1978

1978-02-22
FR
FR7805044A
patent/FR2384841A1/en
not_active
Withdrawn

1978-03-13
NL
NL7802714A
patent/NL7802714A/en
not_active
Application Discontinuation

1978-03-13
US
US05/885,903
patent/US4179529A/en
not_active
Expired – Lifetime

1978-03-20
GB
GB10974/78A
patent/GB1586438A/en
not_active
Expired

1978-03-22
CA
CA299,568A
patent/CA1087529A/en
not_active
Expired

1978-03-24
IT
IT7867677A
patent/IT7867677D0/en
unknown

1978-03-24
JP
JP3401178A
patent/JPS53119976A/en
active
Pending

Also Published As

Publication number
Publication date

JPS53119976A
(en)

1978-10-19

IT7867677D0
(en)

1978-03-24

NL7802714A
(en)

1978-09-26

FR2384841A1
(en)

1978-10-20

CA1087529A
(en)

1980-10-14

DE2712874A1
(en)

1978-09-28

US4179529A
(en)

1979-12-18

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