GB1588926A – Heat fixing apparatus
– Google Patents
GB1588926A – Heat fixing apparatus
– Google Patents
Heat fixing apparatus
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Publication number
GB1588926A
GB1588926A
GB39057/77A
GB3905777A
GB1588926A
GB 1588926 A
GB1588926 A
GB 1588926A
GB 39057/77 A
GB39057/77 A
GB 39057/77A
GB 3905777 A
GB3905777 A
GB 3905777A
GB 1588926 A
GB1588926 A
GB 1588926A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
cylinder
inner cylinder
heat
roller
heating medium
Prior art date
1976-09-27
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB39057/77A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
1976-09-27
Filing date
1977-09-20
Publication date
1981-04-29
1976-09-27
Priority claimed from JP11554776A
external-priority
patent/JPS5341234A/en
1976-10-20
Priority claimed from JP12591676A
external-priority
patent/JPS5358842A/en
1976-11-30
Priority claimed from JP14379576A
external-priority
patent/JPS5368239A/en
1976-12-03
Priority claimed from JP14522176A
external-priority
patent/JPS5370444A/en
1977-09-20
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd
filed
Critical
Ricoh Co Ltd
1981-04-29
Publication of GB1588926A
publication
Critical
patent/GB1588926A/en
Status
Expired
legal-status
Critical
Current
Links
Espacenet
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Classifications
G—PHYSICS
G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
G03G15/2053—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating
Description
PATENT SPECIFICATION
c ( 21) Application No 39057/77 ( 22) Filed 20 Sept 1977 : ( 31) Convention Application No 51/115 547 ( 32) Filed 27 Sept 1976 < ( 31) Convention Application No 51/125 916 ks ( 32) Filed 20 Oct 1976 ( 31) Convention Application No 51/143 795 ( 32) Filed 30 Nov 1976 ( 31) Convention Application No 51/145 221 ( 32) Filed 3 Dec 1976 in ( 33) Japan (JP) ( 44) Complete Specification published 29 April 1981 ( 51) INT CL 3 G 03 G 15/20 ( 52) Index at acceptance B 6 C 720 724 733 BQ ( 11) 1588926 ( 19) I ( 54) IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO HEAT FIXING APPARATUS ( 71) We, RICOH COMPANY, LTD, a Japanese Body Corporate of 3-6 1-Chome, Naka Magome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japani, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement: -
The present invention relates to a heat roller fixing apparatus.
According to the invention, there is provided heat fixing apparatus including a rotary heating roller, the heating roller comprising a thermally conductive inner cylinder housing a heater, a thermally conductive outer cylinder rigid with said inner cylinder and defining a chamber therebetween, a liquid heating medium contained in the chamber in such quantity that the inner cylinder is partially immersed within the liquid heating medium at least when said roller is stationary.
According to the invention there is further provided heat fixing roller apparatus including a rotary heating roller, the roller comprising a thermally conductive inner cylinder housing a heater therein, a thermally conductive outer cylinder rigid with said inner cylinder and defining a partially evacuated chamber therewith, a liquid heating medium contained in the chamber and thermally conductive means extending from the inner cylinder to the liquid heating medium at least while the roller is stationary to conduct heat from the inner cylinder to the liquid heating medium.
According to the invention, there is still further provided heat fixing apparatus comprising a rotary heating roller having a thermally conductive cylinder enclosing a heater and defining a partially evacuated chamber, a heat vapourisable heating liquid contained in the chamber, and thermally conductive means being at least partially immersed in said liquid for conducting heat from the heater to the liquid to vapourise the liquid whereby when the vapour fills the chamber heat is transferred from the vapour to the cylinder.
Heat fixing apparatus embodying the invention, will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a fragmentary side elevation of one form of heat fixing apparatus; Figure 2 is a fragmentary section of a second form of heat fixing apparatus; Figure 3 is a fragmentary sectional view of a third form of heat fixing apparatus; Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of a fourth form of heat fixing apparatus; Figure 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of a fifth form of fixing apparatus; Figure 6 is a partial perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a graph of surface temperature versus distance axially of the rollers of Figures 1 and 5; and Figure 8 is a partial perspective view of a sixth form of heat fixing apparatus.
The heat fixing apparatus to be described is for use in electrophotographic copying machines for heat fixing toner images.
In the heat fixing apparatus shown in Figure 1 there is provided a pair of similar co-operating heating rollers only one of which is shown The roller shown includes an outer cylinder 1 of heat conductive material carrying an outer layer of low coefficient of friction for example silicone rubber The outer cylinder 1 houses an inner cylinder 3 enclosing a heater 2 in the form of a material having a high electrical resistance for example an infrared heater or a Nichrome wire (Trade Mark).
The inner cylinder 3 and the outer cylinder 1 are rigid with each other at respective axial ends thereof and the roller is rotatably supported by a side plate (not shown) of the electrophotocopying machine.
1,588,926 The space or chamber 4 between the inner and outer cylinders 1 and 3 is partially evacuated The chamber 4 contains a liquid heating medium 5 having a comparatively high vapour pressure, for example water or alcohol The quantity of heating medium 5 in the chamber is such that its level is higher than the lowermost point of the inner cylinder 3 when the heating roller is not being rotated and when the temperature of the outer surface of the roller reaches a predetermined fixing temperature A temperature detecting means 6, such as a thermistor, is mounted on the outer cylinder and is electrically connected with a heat control means, not shown, of the heater.
The heat fixing apparatus in addition to a pair of such heating rollers includes an endless belt which rotates in contact with the lower surface of the roller.
In operation, when the heater 2 in the inner cylinder 3 is energised and generates heat, the inner cylinder 3 is heated and accordingly the heating medium 5 is also heated.
When the heating medium 5 in the chamber 4 reaches its saturation temperature and is vigorously evaporated the chamber 4 is gradually filled with the vapour of the heating medium The vapour saturated heating medium thereupon transfers heat to the outer cylinder 1 As a result, the surface temperature of the cylinder 1 is raised The surface temperature of the cylinder 1 is detected by the temperature detecting means 6 A control member of the heater responds to the detecting means to cause the surface temperature of the cylinder 1 to be held at a substantially constant predetermined temperature level.
The high heat transfer efficiency of the heating medium and the fact thai even in liquid form the medium is in contact with both inner and outer cylinders prevents an excessive temperature differential building up between the inner and outer cylinders and the temperature detecting means is used to prevent either cylinder from reaching a dangerously high level.
The temperature detecting means 6 is advantageously positioned in contact with the surface of the outer cylinder within an area corresponding to the inner surface of the outer cylinder where the heat transporting material stays.
The fixing apparatus shown in Figure 2 includes a pair of co-operating rollers (only one shown) each having an outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 3 and a perforate intermediate cylinder 7 A liquid heating medium is disposed in the partially evacuated chamber 4 formed between the inner cylinder 3 and the outer cylinder 1, and the intermediate cylinder 7 is secured to the inner cylinder 2 by a plurality of equiangularly spaced support arms 8 The quantity of liquid heating medium 15 in the chamber 4 is insufficient for its level to reach the lowest point on the cylinder 3 and so does not directly come into contact with the surface of the cylinder 3 The level is however arranged to be greater than the lowermost point of the cylinder 7, Accordingly the intermediate cylinder 7 is always partially immersed in the liquid heating medium 15 The intermediate cylinder 7 can take the form of a metal plate punched with apertures or a wire mesh net to allow the liquid heating medium to pass through the cylinder By mounting the intermediate cylinder 7 on the inner cylinder 3, heat is transferred from the inner cylinder 3 to the intermediate cylinder 7 by radiation and also by conduction through the support arms 8, and then transferred from the cylinder to the liquid heating medium 15.
Therefore, even while the roller 10 is stationary, the temperature of the heating medium 15 is increased so that the heating medium evaporates As long as an appropriate amount of the vapour of the liquid heating medium 15 exists in the chamber 4, both the inner cylinder 3 and the outer cylinder 1 are at raised temperatures so that the excessive heating of the inner cylinder 3 and the heater 2 can be prevented by monitoring the temperature of only the outer cylinder Since the liquid heating medium 15 is heated by the intermediate cylinder 7, it is unnecessary to partially immerse the inner cylinder 3 in the heating medium as in the apparatus of Figure 1 As a result, the distance between the inner cylinder 3 and the heater 2 can be reduced and the temperature of the inner cylinder 3 can be raised more speedily Also the amount of the heating medium used can be reduced and so evaporated more speedily and efficiently It will be seen that because the heater is disposed close to the liquid heating medium 15, the temperature of the roller 10 can be elevated more uniformly even when the roller is stationary.
In the heat fixing apparatus shown in Figure 3 parts similar to those in Figure 2 are similarly referenced As shown in Figure 3 wicks 9 are provided between the inner cylinder 3 and the intermediate cylinder 7.
The wicks 9 are made of a fibre resistant to thermal degradation for example glass fibre, steel wool and ceramic wool The fibre acts to draw up the liquid heating medium 15 by capillary action and to supply the inner surface of the inner cylinder 3 with the heating medium and form a film of the liquid heating medium on the inner cylinder The result is that evaporation of the heating medium is promoted further and excessive heating of the roller without being in sufficient contact with the heating medium is obviated while the roller is stationary Furthermore, when the roller is rotated, the liquid heating medium is not directly brought into contact with the heated inner cylinder, but only after it has 1,588,926 been brought into contact with the wicks does it come into contact with the inner cylinder and is then heated by the inner cylinder.
Therefore, deterioration of the liquid heating medium by pyrolysis is thus reduced since the liquid heating medium 15 is not abruptly poured onto the high temperature inner cylinder 3 when the roller 11 is rotated.
When the space between the inner cylinder 3 and the intermediate cylinder 7 is filled with wicks 9, heat transfer though the vapour of the liquid heating medium is somewhat hindered However, there is a sufficient space between the intermediate cyilnder 7 and the outer cylinder 1, for the heat performance of the heating medium in the critical region to remain unhindered.
In the heating fixing apparatus shown in Figure 4 parts similar to those in Figure 1 are similarly referenced In Figure 4 each heating roller 12 has a heating conductive inner cylinder 3 housing a heater 2 made of a high electrically resistant material, such as Nichrome wire; a heat conductive outer cylinder 1 which is secured to the inner cylinder 3 by a member (not shown) at opposite axial ends, a liquid heating medium 15 contained in the partially evacuated chamber 4 formed between the inner cylinder 3 and the outer cylinder 1; a heat transfer ring 14 of larger diameter than the cylinder 2, resting on the inner cylinder 3 so that the central axis of the ring lies below that of the inner cylinder The lowermost portion of the ring 14 is immersed in the liquid heating medium In operation the ring acts to conduct heat from the cylinder 3 to the liquid heating medium In a modification instead of the ring being indirectly heated from the heater 2 it can be directly heated by an induction heating means (not shown).
The ring 13 is made of a material having high heat conductivity such as a metal plate.
Its thickness and diameter can be determined in accordance with the temperature characteristics of the roller.
In operation, when the heater 2 is energised, the inner cylinder 3 is heated and heat is transferred from the inner cylinder 3 to the liquid heating medium 15 through the heat transfer ring 14 The temperature of the liquid heating medium 15 thereupon rises until liquid heating medium 15 vapour rises This vapour maintains the surface temperature of the outer cylinder at a predetermined fixing temperature In a modification the heat transfer ring 14 is rotated together with the inner cylinder 2 about the axis of the inner cylinder 2 This action has the effect of raising the liquid heating medium 15 and then pouring it on the surface of the inner cylinder 2.
Vapourisation of the liquid heating medium is thus promoted further.
The heat transfer ring 14 need not be as wide as the inner cylinder 3 It can be divided into segments Also the heat transfer ring 14 can be provided with a large number of apertures in order to facilitate the flow of the liquid heating medium 15 within the chamber.
Furthermore, instead of the ring, coils, double rings or double cylinders can be used When a double coil is employed, it is preferable to reverse the respective winding senses of an outer coil and an inner coil to attain good circulation of the liquid heating medium inside the vacuum chamber.
In the heat fixing apparatus shown in Figure 5 thus is provided two co-operating heating rollers (only one shown) Each heating roller 13 has an inner cylinder 22 having a high heat conductivity and housing a heater 23; a heat conductive outer cylinder 21 which is rigidly secured to the inner cylinder 22 at both axial ends by a member (not shown); a liquid heating medium 24 contained in the partially evacuated chamber formed between the inner and outer cylinders; and a plurality of heat conductive fins 25 rigid with and extending radially outwardly from the inner cylinder 22 to make contact with the inner surface of the outer cylinder 21 The heat conductive fins 25 are of a material for example metal, having a high heat conductivity and are provided with a plurality of openings a (see Fig 6) The openings 25 a facilitate the flow of the liquid heating medium within the chamber through the openings while the roller is being rotated.
In operation, when the heater 23 is energised during rotation of the roller, the inner cylinder 22 is heated and the heat is transferred from the inner cylinder 22 to the liquid heating medium 24 by conduction through the heat conductive fins 25 At the same time, since the liquid heating medium 24 is stirred by the heat conductive fins 25 and poured onto the surface of the inner cylinder, vaporisation of the liquid heating medium 25 is promoted and the surface temperature of the outer cylinder is held at a predetermined fixing temperature by the vapourised heating medium.
If the inner cylinder 22 is heated by the heater 23 while the roller is stationary, heat is still transferred from the inner cylinder 22 to the liquid heating medium 24 through the heat conductive fins 25 and so vaporisation of the liquid heating medium still takes place.
At the same time, heat is also transferred by the blades directly transferred to the outer cylinder 21 by virtue of the contact which the blades make with the heat conductive fins Therefore, it follows that heat is transferred from the inner cylinder to the outer cylinder 21 irrespective of whether the roller is rotated or not.
The heat conductive fins 25 are preferably resilient since the ends of each blade is arranged to slide along the inner surface of the outer cylinder The shape and number of a heater therein, a thermally conductive outer 65 cylinder rigid with said inner cylinder and defining a partially evacuated chamber therewith, a liquid heating medium contained in the chamber and thermally conductive means extending from the inner cylinder to the 70 liquid heating medium at least while the roller is stationary to conduct heat from the inner cylinder to the liquid heating medium.
3 Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said thermally conductive means stirs said 75 heating medium when said outer cylinder is rotated.
4 Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said thermally conductive means comprises an intermediate cylinder supported on said inner 80 cylinder by a plurality of thermally conductive support arms.
Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said thermally conductive means comprises a thermally conductive annular member having 85 a diameter intermediate that of the inner and outer cylinders and which rests on the inner cylinder with its central axis extending parallel to but lying below that of the inner cylinder.
6 Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein 90 said thermally conductive means comprises a plurality of coils of thermally conductive material having a diameter intermediate that of the inner and outer cylinders and which rests on the inner cylinder with their axes 95 extending parallel to but lying below that of the inner cylinder.
7 Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said thermally conductive means comprises a plurality of fins rigid with and extending 100 radially from the outer surface of said inner cylinder, the radially outer ends of said fins being in sliding contact with the inner surface of said outer cylinder, said fins having apertures for allowing said liquid heating medium 105 to pass therethrough.
8 Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said thermally conductive means comprises a plurality of fins which are supported by support means in a radially extending array the 110 radially inner ends of said fins making sliding contact with the outer surface of said inner cylinder and the radially outer ends of said fins making sliding contact with the inner surface of said outer cylinder, the fins having 115 apertures for allowing said heating medium to pass therethrough.
9 Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said intermediate cylinder is concentric with said outer cylinder 120 Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said intermediate cylinder has apertures for allowing said liquid heating medium to pass therethrough.
11 Apparatus according to claim 10, in 125 cluding a wick resistant to thermal degradation located between said inner cylinder and said intermediate cylinder.
12 Apparatus according to claim 8, whereopenings 25 a is determined in accordance with the desired characteristics for the fixing roller.
Investigations were made of the changes occurring in the temperatures of different surfaces of the heating roller shown in Figures 1 and 5 with both rollers held stationary.
Figure 7 shows the results of this investigation The graph shown in Fig 7 was obtained by measuring the surface temperature of the outer cylinder of each roller 5 minutes after 300 Watts were fed to the heater 2 in Fig 1 and the heater 23 in Fig 5 In the graph, the characteristics A indicates the temperature of the roller in Fig 5 when containing the liquid heating medium and the characteristic B indicates the temperature of the heating roller of Fig 5 without any liquid heating medium The characteristic C indicates temperature of the heating roller of Fig.
1 while the characteristic D indicates the temperature of the inner cylinders in both rollers of Figures 1 and 5 As can be seen from this graph, the difference between the surface temperatures A, B of the outer cylinder and that of the inner cylinder of the heating roller of Fig 5 is considerably smaller than that between the surface temperature of the outer cylinder and that of the inner cylinder of the heating roller in Fig 1 This indicates that the heat transfer of the heating roller of Fig.
is more efficient than that of the heating roller of Fig 1.
In a modification of the roller of Fig 5, the radially inner ends of the heat conductive blades are not secured to the inner cylinder, but as shown in Fig 8, merely make sliding contact with the inner cylinder The blades are held in a fixed array by a central annular support member 30 located spaced from both cylinders and carried by a member (not shown) rigid with both the cylinders Each of the heat conductive fins 25 is provided with openings a with appropriate shape so that the efficiency of heat transfer from the inner cylinder to the outer cylinder is raised In this case, an appropriate material resistant to heat degradation such as steel wool or glass fibre is placed between the inner cylinder and the support member 30 to raise the efficiency of heat transfer.
Claims (1)
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: -
1 Heat fixing apparatus including a rotary heating roller, the heating roller comprising a thermally conductive inner cylinder housing a heater, a thermally conductive outer cylinder rigid with said inner cylinder and defining a chamber therebetween, a liquid heating medium, contained in the chamber in such quantity that the inner cylinder is partially immersed within the liquid heating medium at least when said roller is stationary.
2 Heat fixing roller apparatus including a rotary heating roller, the roller comprising a thermally conductive inner cylinder housing 1,588,926 1,588,926 in said support means is annular and has apertures for allowing the liquid heating medium to pass therethrough.
13 Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the thermal degradation resistant material is selected from the group consisting of steel wool and glass fibre is placed between said inner cylinder and the intermediate cylinder.
14 Heat fixing apparatus comprising a rotary heating roller having a thermally conductive cylinder enclosing a heater and defining a partially evacuated chamber, a heat vapourisable heating liquid contained in the chamber, and thermally conductive means being at least partially immersed in said liquid for conducting heat from the heater to the liquid to vapourise the liquid whereby when the vapour fills the chamber heat is transferred from the vapour to the cylinder.
15 Heat fixing apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
16 Heat fixing apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
17 Heat fixing apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
18 Heat fixing apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
19 Heat fixing apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Heat fixing apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 8 of the accompanying drawings.
MATHISEN, MACARA & CO, Chartered Patent Agents, Lyon House, Lyon Road, Harrow, Middlesex, HA 1 2 ET, Agents for the Applicants.
Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office by the Courier Press, Leamlngton Spa, 1981.
Published by the Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WO 2 A l AY, from which copies may be obtained.
GB39057/77A
1976-09-27
1977-09-20
Heat fixing apparatus
Expired
GB1588926A
(en)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title
JP11554776A
JPS5341234A
(en)
1976-09-27
1976-09-27
Thermal fixing device by roller
JP12591676A
JPS5358842A
(en)
1976-10-20
1976-10-20
Heat pipe roller
JP14379576A
JPS5368239A
(en)
1976-11-30
1976-11-30
Heat pipe roller
JP14522176A
JPS5370444A
(en)
1976-12-03
1976-12-03
Heat pipe roller
Publications (1)
Publication Number
Publication Date
GB1588926A
true
GB1588926A
(en)
1981-04-29
Family
ID=27470270
Family Applications (1)
Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date
GB39057/77A
Expired
GB1588926A
(en)
1976-09-27
1977-09-20
Heat fixing apparatus
Country Status (2)
Country
Link
US
(2)
US4172976A
(en)
GB
(1)
GB1588926A
(en)
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GB
GB39057/77A
patent/GB1588926A/en
not_active
Expired
1977-09-26
US
US05/836,413
patent/US4172976A/en
not_active
Expired - Lifetime
1979
1979-04-02
US
US06/026,322
patent/US4284875A/en
not_active
Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number
Publication date
US4284875A
(en)
1981-08-18
US4172976A
(en)
1979-10-30
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Legal Events
Date
Code
Title
Description
1981-07-15
PS
Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
1988-05-11
PCNP
Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
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